scholarly journals A focus on homocysteine in autism.

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska ◽  
Ewa Żurawicz ◽  
Monika Michalska ◽  
Jacek Rynkowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Homocysteine is an amino acid, which plays several important roles in human physiology. A wide range of disorders, including neuropsychiatric disorders and autism, are associated with increased homocysteine levels in biological fluids. Various B vitamins: B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin), and B9 (folic acid) are required as co-factors by the enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism. Therefore, monitoring of homocysteine levels in body fluids of autistic children can provide information on genetic and physiological diseases, improper lifestyle (including dietary habits), as well as a variety of pathological conditions. This review presents information on homocysteine metabolism, determination of homocysteine in biological fluids, and shows abnormalities in the levels of homocysteine in the body fluids of autistic children.

scholarly journals HEMATOSALIVAL BARRIER IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Oleg Chuykin ◽  
Maria Shtanko ◽  
Kristina Kuchuk
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Level Analysis

To maintain homeostasis of the internal environment of the body, mechanisms are needed that control the exchange of various components between blood and the internal environment of tissues and organs. One of these physiological structures is the blood-salivary barrier, which regulates the selective metabolism between blood and oral fluid. Changes in the composition of biological fluids (blood and saliva) can be used as markers for diagnosing pathological conditions of the body and the dynamics of therapeutic measures. Of great importance is the study of the blood-salivary barrier for the search for drugs that are selectively transferred from the blood to the saliva. Some drugs are excreted in saliva at a concentration higher than they are in the blood. However, more often the concentration of drugs in saliva is much lower than in blood serum. Purpose: to form a list of the main trends and scientific and practical directions on the func-tioning of the hematosalvarial barrier. Materials and methods: to analyze the topic of the clinical significance of the hematosalvarial barrier, periodicals and scientific journals of domestic and foreign literature were studied, which determined the difference in the levels of trace elements, hormones, immune complexes between the oral fluid and serum. Conclusion: Analysis of literature data shows that the function of the blood-salivary barrier acts as a nonspecific adaptive mechanism, while saliva reflects the state of the protective functions of the barrier at the organismal level. Analysis of the selectivity and permeability of the blood-salivary barrier, as well as determination of changes in the composition and proper-ties of blood and oral fluid, can optimize and facilitate the diagnosis and control of treatment of various diseases of the oral cavity and the body as a whole.

Some aspects of hemostasis in the tactics of the ophthalmologist. Literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
O.M. Stanishevskaya ◽  
◽  
M.A. Safronova ◽  
G.V. Bratko ◽  
I.Y. Efremova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Correct Orientation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Disorders of hemostasis occupy an important place in the structure of vascular diseases and are one of the most frequent pathological conditions encountered in practical medicine. The hemostasis system is naturally the most vulnerable system of the body. Violations of its balance are found in a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions of the body. It is not uncommon for the first debut of decompensation to lead to an ophthalmologist. In the practice of an ophthalmologist, there are diseases when it is necessary to pay close attention to thrombophilic conditions. Changes in the hemostatic system, affect a wide range of vascular diseases of the eyeball. Recognition of the type of thrombophilia and its timely laboratory diagnosis in patients with vascular diseases of the retina and optic nerve are important in achieving the best treatment results. Multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of vascular diseases of the eyeball and modern diagnostics, including the study of hemostasis, is necessary and relevant to achieve the best clinical and functional treatment result. Timely and correct orientation of patients in vascular pathology is extremely important due to the fact that concomitant systemic pathology can aggravate the course of the disease, therefore, the choice of treatment tactics for this category of patients should be carried out in conjunction with a therapist, cardiologist, hematologist and endocrinologist. Key words: hemostasis, thrombosis CVS, diabet, primary open-angle glaucoma thrombodynamica, cardiovascular pathology.

scholarly journals Large elastic deformations of isotropic materials. I. Fundamental concepts

1948 ◽  
Vol 240 (822) ◽  
pp. 459-490 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Elastic Deformations ◽  
Hooke’S Law ◽  
Widespread Agreement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hooke's Law ◽  
High Degree

The mathematical theory of small elastic deformations has been developed to a high degree of sophistication on certain fundamental assumptions regarding the stress-strain relationships which are obeyed by the materials considered. The relationships taken are, in effect, a generalization of Hooke’s law— ut tensio, sic vis . The justification for these assumptions lies in the widespread agreement of experiment with the predictions of the theory and in the interpretation of the elastic behaviour of the materials in terms of their known structure. The same factors have contributed to our appreciation of the limitations of these assumptions. The principal problems, which the theory seeks to solve, are the determination of the deformation which a body undergoes and the distribution of stresses in it, when certain forces are applied to it, and when certain points of the body are subjected to specified displacements. These problems are always dealt with on the assumption that the generalization of Hooke’s law is obeyed by the material of the body and that the deformation is small, i.e. the change of length, in any linear element in the material, is small compared with the length of the element in the undeformed state. Apart from the fact that the generalization of Hooke’s law is obeyed accurately by a very wide range of materials, under a considerable variety of stress and strain conditions, it has the further advantage that it leads to a mathematically tractable theory.

scholarly journals Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensors for the Determination of Flaviviruses: Dengue, Zika, and Japanese Encephalitis

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Khristunova ◽  
Elena Dorozhko ◽  
Elena Korotkova ◽  
Bohumil Kratochvil ◽  
Vlastimil Vyskocil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Wide Range

A highly effective way to improve prognosis of viral infectious diseases and to determine the outcome of infection is early, fast, simple, and efficient diagnosis of viral pathogens in biological fluids. Among a wide range of viral pathogens, Flaviviruses attract a special attention. Flavivirus genus includes more than 70 viruses, the most familiar being dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Haemorrhagic and encephalitis diseases are the most common severe consequences of flaviviral infection. Currently, increasing attention is being paid to the development of electrochemical immunological methods for the determination of Flaviviruses. This review critically compares and evaluates recent research progress in electrochemical biosensing of DENV, ZIKV, and JEV without labelling. Specific attention is paid to comparison of detection strategies, electrode materials, and analytical characteristics. The potential of so far developed biosensors is discussed together with an outlook for further development in this field.

Determination of disulfoton and its metabolites in the body fluids of a Di-Syston® intoxication case

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yashiki ◽  
T Kojima ◽  
M Ohtani ◽  
F Chikasue ◽  
T Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals Total body water and extracellular water measurements throughin vivodilution of D2O and bromide as tracers

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 603-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sergi ◽  
Roberta Bertani ◽  
Irene Calliari ◽  
Lucia Lupoli ◽  
Adriano Berton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Total Body

Large interest is into the determination of body fluids because of changes in body water in a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Here methods based on dilution of tracers, are reported, for the extracellular water (ECW) and total body water (TBW) determinations on the same sample. As for ECW, bromide is used as tracer and its concentration is determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry; while as for TBW, D2O is used as tracer and HOD is determined by FT IR. Both methods represent significant improvements with respect the procedures described in the literature in terms of availability, reproducibility and accuracy.

A Ternary Solution for Independent Acoustic Impedance and Speed of Sound Matching to Biological Tissues

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ophir ◽  
Paul Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Wide Range

In applications requiring a liquid which is acoustically well matched to biological tissues, it is often difficult to find a material which is matched well in terms of both the acoustic impedance and speed of sound propagation in it; changing one parameter invariably affects the other. A three component liquid system is described, which allows independent adjustment of these two acoustic parameters over a wide range. This range encompasses the soft tissues of the body. Results of parameter measurements are presented in the form which allows simple determination of the mixture required to match any combination of acoustic impedance and speed of sound propagation over a given range.

scholarly journals Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Epigenetic Drift within the Cardiovascular Compartment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wallace ◽  
Laura C. Twomey ◽  
Marc-Antoine Custaud ◽  
Niall Moyna ◽  
Philip M. Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
New Biomarkers

Biomarkers encompass a wide range of different measurable indicators, representing a tangible link to physiological changes occurring within the body. Accessibility, sensitivity, and specificity are significant factors in biomarker suitability. New biomarkers continue to be discovered, and questions over appropriate selection and assessment of their usefulness remain. If traditional markers of inflammation are not sufficiently robust in their specificity, then perhaps alternative means of detection may provide more information. Epigenetic drift (epigenetic modifications as they occur as a direct function with age), and its ancillary elements, including platelets, secreted microvesicles (MVs), and microRNA (miRNA), may hold enormous predictive potential. The majority of epigenetic drift observed in blood is independent of variations in blood cell composition, addressing concerns affecting traditional blood-based biomarker efficacy. MVs are found in plasma and other biological fluids in healthy individuals. Altered MV/miRNA profiles may also be found in individuals with various diseases. Platelets are also highly reflective of physiological and lifestyle changes, making them extremely sensitive biomarkers of human health. Platelets release increased levels of MVs in response to various stimuli and under a plethora of disease states, which demonstrate a functional effect on other cell types.

Red blood cell folate concentrations in term newborns: recent findings in the Slovak Republic

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Reváková ◽  
Alena Vasilenková ◽  
Darina Behúlová ◽  
Margita Galliková ◽  
Ingrid Brucknerová
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Folate Concentration ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Multivitamin Supplements ◽  
Concentration Levels

AbstractFolate plays one of the most important functions for nucleotide biosynthesis and cellular methylation reactions in cells. Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism is essential for metabolic processes in the human body. During periods of rapid cell growth, such as perinatal period, increased amounts of folate are required. The determination of red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration levels is the most accurate indicator of long-term folate level status in the body. This prospective study determined RBC folate concentration levels on the first day of life from umbilical cord blood samples in the whole group of full-term newborns (n = 150), who were hospitalized at the Department of Neonatology at the University Hospital in Bratislava. Immunochemical analysis for the determination of folate levels in erythrocytes was performed (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). Mothers were asked to select different types of food and use folic acid or other multivitamin supplements containing also folic acid. Our results of RBC folate ranged from 625 to 1748 ng/mL (5th–95th percentile). The median was 935 ng/mL and deficiency was not observed in any sample. RBC folate concentration levels in newborns due to mother’s intake of multivitamin supplements were significantly increased (p = 0.02). No differences were observed in the levels of RBC folate concentration when mothers used only folic acid. The RBC folate concentration tended to change based on many factors on both the mother’s and the newborn’s sides. Our results showed different results of RBC folate when focused on neonatal period and maternal intake of vitamins during pregnancy.

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