scholarly journals Correlation between butyrylcholinesterase variants and sensitivity to soman toxicity.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimo Dimov ◽  
Kamen Kanev ◽  
Ivanka Dimova
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Individual Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
Enzyme Reactivation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Individual

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is synthesized in the liver and found in high concentrations in blood plasma, liver, heart, pancreas, vascular endothelium, skin, brain white matter, smooth muscle cells and adipocytes. BChE is a non specific enzyme that hydrolyzes different choline esters (succinylcholine, mivacurium) and many other drugs such as aspirin, cocaine and procaine. The enzyme is also considered as a bioscavenger due to its ability to neutralize the toxic effects of organophosphorus compounds (nervous system fs agents) such as soman. BChE displays several polymorphisms that influence its serum activity; therefore they could determine the individual sensitivity to chemical nerve agents. In this study, we investigated the correlation between BChE variants and the degree of enzyme inhibition and reactivation after soman application on blood samples of 726 individuals. The blood samples of individuals expressing abnormal variants, were more sensitive to soman compared to variants of homozygotes and heterozygotes for U-allele. We found significant differences in the degree of enzyme reactivation between different variants (with and without U-presence).

Androgen cytosol binding during compensatory overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickson ◽  
T. T. Kurowski ◽  
T. M. Galassi ◽  
D. G. Daniels ◽  
R. J. Chatterton Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Binding Model ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Individual

This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the increased androgen cytosol binding is an early or later event in the sequence of skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by surgical overload. Following removal of the synergistic gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, plantaris muscle weights of overloaded hypophysectomized male rats were heavier than those in the controls by 29% at 2 days, 41% at 7 days, 38% at 14 days, and 47% at 35 days. Androgen cytosol receptor binding capacities (femtomoles per milligram protein), determined using a synthetic androgen, [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881), were higher than observed in muscles of controls at all points of muscle enlargement. At high concentrations of labeled ligand, Scatchard analyses became nonlinear and were resolved using a two-component binding model. Receptor capacity of the higher affinity "androgenic component" for methyltrienolone binding in plantaris muscles was lower at 2 days but 60–80% higher at 7, 14, and 35 days in the hypertrophied group than in the control group. The lower affinity "glucocorticoid component" was higher in the overloaded group at all points following surgery. Several glucocorticoids and estradiol-17β competed equally with androgens for methyltrienolone binding. However, when cytosol s were incubated with triamcinolone acetonide to block methyltrienolone binding to glucocorticoid receptors, the androgenic component was highly specific for androgens. These results show that total [3H]methyltrienolone cytosol concentrations increased in parallel with the muscle hypertrophy, yet the individual components of methyltrienolone binding attained greater concentrations in overloaded muscles by an apparently different sequence of events.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring of Workers Exposed to Volatile Organic Compounds Associated with Different Occupations by Headspace GC-FID

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghazala Yaqub ◽  
Almas Hamid ◽  
Nikhat Khan ◽  
Sunaina Ishfaq ◽  
Asha Banzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Petrol Station ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
The Individual

The present study has been undertaken to analyze the total accumulated burden of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in blood of occupationally exposed workers. The headspace technique combined with gas chromatography with flame ionization detector was used for the quantitative analysis of the different volatile organic compounds (isopropyl alcohol, phenol, benzene, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and toluene) in 80 blood samples from the workers belonging to different occupations i.e., shoe polish workers, thinner handlers, paint workers, furniture polish workers, petrol station attendants, textile dyeing workers, printing press workers, and dry port workers as biomonitoring is one of the most promising methods for analyzing the individual burden of VOCs. Another purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between detected concentrations of VOCs and associated health issues reported by the workers of these professions. Results of the study revealed the presence of different VOCs in blood samples of approximately 70 workers out of 80, and statistical analysis proved a strong relationship between the reported work experience, working hours, and diseases and the detected concentrations of respective volatile organic compounds.

Experience Of Control Of The Initiation Of Coumarol Therapy With An Amidolytic Assay Of Factor X

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Egberg ◽  
H Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Warfarin Therapy ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Warfarin Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Most authors agree that probably any of the vitamin K dependant factors can be used for control of coumarol therapy at steady state of treatment. However, during initiation of coumarol therapy poor correlations have been found between one stage prothrombin assays and specific factor analyses (II and X) and thus the usefulness of the specific assays in the initial phase of treatment has been questioned.Purpose of study To investigate if a specific factor X analyses could be used for control of the initiation of coumarol (warfarin) therapy.Methods Thrombotest (Nyegaard AS, Oslo). Amidolytic factor X assay according to Bergström and Egberg.Patients admitted to the hospital because of venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. At present 13 patients (9 men, 4 women), age 36-81 years.Design of study Heparin therapy was started as soon as the diagnosis was assigned. Warfarin treatment was commenced on the following day. Thrombotest and factor X was determined before and daily for 6 days after coumarol therapy was started. Only the results from the factor X analyses were given to the doctor in charge of the patients for monitoring of the coumarol therapy.Results Thrombotest and factor X values generally fell in parallell except when high concentrations of heparin in the blood samples inhibited the Thrombotest method. The correlation between Thrombotest and factor X in 10 patients was good (r 0.81-0.99, mean 0.94).(Three patients were excluded for different reasons). The doctor in the ward found it as easy to monitor coumarol treatment with the factor X assay as with the Thrombotest. No bleeding or thromboembolic complications occurred.Conclusion The amidolytic factor X assay could be used for monitoring coumarol treatment in the initial phase of treatment. The absence of sensitivity to heparin was regarded an advantage to the Thrombotest method.

Biofilm formation capacity of S. aureus under diabetic environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernández Grajera ◽  
María Coronada Fernández Calderón ◽  
Miguel A. Pacha Olivenza ◽  
Ciro Pérez Giraldo ◽  
Amparo M. Gallardo Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Clustering Behavior

<p>Diabetes increases the blood glucose levels above those of healthy individuals and poorly controlled diabetes is associated to ketoacidosis. Different authors have shown evidences that diabetes is linked to a higher risk of developing infections in different parts of the body. Although the reasons why diabetes enhances infection episodes are not entirely clear, different undesired physiological responses under diabetic environments are pointed out as the main causes, for example, inflammatory reactions, poor vascularization, neutrophilic chemotaxis or phagocytosis. However, it has so far not been quantified how high concentrations of glucose and ketone bodies can affect the beginning of the infectious process, i.e. the formation of biofilms.</p> <p>In this sense, this research will address how the presence of glucose and ketone bodies can alter the biofilm formation capacity of Staphylococcus aureus. The research will be carried out with six different diabetic conditions, including the individual action of both components (glucose and ketone bodies) and the combined action.</p> <p>The main conclusion of this work is that any studied diabetic condition is able to increase the slime index of S. aureus with respect to control (bacteria grown without diabetic supplements), so the biofilm formation capacity of this bacterium would rise in diabetic people. In addition to the change that can be as high as 400% in glucose concentrations of 1.9 mg/ml, the clustering behavior among the bacteria is also modified at all condition differently.</p>

scholarly journals Insulin determination by specific and unspecific immunoassays in patients with insulinoma evaluated by the arterial stimulation and venous sampling test

2004 ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Wiesli ◽  
M Brandle ◽  
T Pfammatter ◽  
J Zapf ◽  
GA Spinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Venous Sampling ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Calcium Stimulation ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Prospective Case Series ◽  
Calcium Injection

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare insulin concentrations measured by a traditional radioimmunoassay (RIA) and a more specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in blood samples obtained during the arterial stimulation and venous sampling (ASVS) test in patients with insulinoma. DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: In 14 patients with an insulinoma undergoing an ASVS test, blood samples were obtained from the hepatic vein at baseline and 60 s after calcium injection into an artery supplying the tumour and a control artery (supplying pancreatic tissue without tumour). A selective arterial calcium stimulation was performed in five additional patients without evidence for an insulinoma. We measured insulin by a traditional RIA and a specific immunoassay. RESULTS: In patients with insulinoma, insulin concentrations increased between 2.3- and 24.2-fold (median 8.2-fold) when measured by RIA and between 7.3- and 59.4-fold (median 16) when measured by ELISA following calcium injection into the artery supplying the tumour. Following calcium injection into the control artery, insulin concentrations were 0.6 to 1.3 times (median 1.0) the baseline values by RIA and 0.5 to 2.5 times (median 1.1) the baseline values by ELISA. In patients without insulinoma, insulin concentrations increased following calcium stimulation between 0.7- and 2.1-fold (median 1.3-fold) when measured by RIA and between 0.6- and 4.7-fold (median 1.3-fold) when measured by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: When insulin is measured by specific immunoassays, a higher cut-off (i.e. five- to sixfold increase) rather than the traditional criterion of a twofold increase should be used to localise an insulinoma during the ASVS test. The increase in insulin concentrations following calcium stimulation is significantly higher when insulin is measured by a specific assay compared with results obtained with traditional RIAs.

scholarly journals INVASIVENESS OF PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES IN CHILDREN–A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. e1.56-e1
Author(s):  
Mohammed Altamimi ◽  
Helen Sammons ◽  
Imti Choonara
Keyword(s):  
Sample Volume ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Individual Sample ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

ObjectivesTo compare the invasiveness of recent pharmacokinetic (PK) studies with older studies. The extent of this will be evaluated by analysing the number of samples and volume of blood collected in each study.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed to identify papers describing number of samples and volume of blood collected in studies of children (aged 0–18 years). The following databases were searched: Medline (1946 to May 2014), Embase (1974 to May 2014), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to May 2014), CINAHL and Cochrane library. The keywords were “preterm neonate*” OR term neonate*” OR “neonate*” OR “new-born*” OR “child*” OR children OR “p*ediatric* OR “infant*” OR “adolescent*” AND “pharmacokinetic*” OR blood OR plasma OR specimen OR serum OR blood sampling OR blood sample*. Patients were grouped according to the guidelines of the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH), i.e. preterm neonates, term neonates, infants (28 days-under 2 years), children (2–11 years) and adolescents (12−≤18 years).ResultsA total of 501 paediatric PK studies were identified between 1974 and 2014. Eighty eight studies were conducted between 1980 and 1990 (old studies), while 193 were conducted between 2004 and 2014 (new studies). Significantly more blood samples per child were collected in the old (median 8 [IQR: 6–11]) versus the new studies (median 7 [IQR: 5–9]) (p=0.002). In children the frequency of blood sampling was significantly higher in old studies (median 9 [IQR: 7–12]) compared to new studies (p=0.0002), but in the other age categories, there were no significant differences. There was no significant difference in the individual sample volume collected at each time point between two periods (p=0.913). However the total volume of blood collected for the study was significantly more in the old period (median=14 ml IQR [4.5–27.5 ml]) than in the new studies (median=11 ml, IQR [6–18 ml]) (p=0.040).ConclusionsSignificantly more blood samples and larger total volumes of blood were taken in the old studies compared to new PK studies involving children. No major difference in the individual sample volume was seen.

Characterization at the individual cell level and in whole blood samples of shear stress preventing red blood cells aggregation

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lee ◽  
M. Kinnunen ◽  
A.V. Danilina ◽  
V.D. Ustinov ◽  
S. Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Platelet Size ◽  
Sizing System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Edta Anticoagulated Blood

Platelet count, platelet size, and circulating platelet biomass concentration estimates made with an erythrocyte-calibrated electronic sizing system on EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples gave population medians and 95% ranges for 145 asymptomatic Mediterranean and 200 healthy Northern European subjects. The Mediterraneans had lower platelet counts [161,000 (89,000–290,000)/mul compared with 219,000 (148,000-323,000)/mul] and higher arithmetic mean volumes [17.8 (10.8- 29.2) cu mum compared with 12.4 (9.9-15.6) cu mum], while the individual lognormal platelet size distribution profiles were comparable [geomatric standard deviations of 1.78 (1.60-1.98) against 1.70 (1.54-1.88)]; and the platelet biomass concentrations, given by count per microliter times mean volume times 10- minus 7 and expressed as a volumetric percentage of whole blood, were almost identical [0.286% (0.216%-0.379%) against 0.272% (0.201%-0.367%)]. Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia is, therefore, considered a benign morphologic variant that requires differentiation from thrombocytopenias in which the circulating platelet biomass concentration is decreased.

scholarly journals Od „śmierdzącego dudka” po banialuki. Obraz ptaków w literaturze renesansu i baroku – rekonesans

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 76-96
Author(s):  
Dariusz Chemperek
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Individual Sensitivity ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Fantastic ◽  
Agricultural Literature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second Category

Birds function in Polish literature of Renaissance and Baroque in three paradigms. Mostly they appear as creatures gifted with a symbolic (allegoric) meaning, seen through the prism of the tradition reaching to Aristotle’s Zoology, Physiologist, and later symbological compendia. The second category is describing birds as food or pests (especially in hunting and agricultural literature). Apart from this ‘practical’ paradigm, there is also a third one: birds as a source of an aesthetic thrill, fascination with them includes both lyricism and a ludic element. The first two categories fit into a more general utilitarian paradigm. Handbooks, treaties, sermons, fairy tales, paroemias and animal epigrams showcase birds almost exclusivelyas tools of moral, religious and conventional reflection, or as objects to be obtained and consumed. Interestingly, the symbological activity of the creators does not cease in the Renaissance and Baroque periods, the representatives of avifauna are burdened with new meanings, while the fantastic creatures slowly disappear from the creators’ fields of view. In the third group of works distinguished here, one can notice the phenomenon of the emancipation of birds as objects of interest just as they are, although their voice is heard mostly in the digressions scattered throughout the big epic works. The autonomy of birds in the literature of Renaissance and Baroque is not linear, the way of perceiving them is determined by the individual sensitivity of the authors, the most prominent of whom are Hieronim Morsztyn (early 17th century) and an anonymous translator of the Italian Adon (2nd half of the 17th century).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document