scholarly journals Activation of phenylpropanoid pathway in legume plants exposed to heavy metals. Part II. Profiling of isoflavonoids and their glycoconjugates induced in roots of lupine (Lupinus luteus) seedlings treated with cadmium and lead.

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Pawlak-Sprada ◽  
Maciej Stobiecki ◽  
Joanna Deckert
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Positional Isomers ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

We examined changes in profiles of isoflavonoids in roots of lupine (Lupinus luteus L. cv. Juno) seedlings in response to treatment with two heavy metals: cadmium (at 10 mg/l) and lead (at 150 mg/l). Overall, 21 flavonoid conjugates were identified in root extracts, some of them with up to six positional isomers. The total amount of all isoflavonoids increased by about 15 % in cadmium-treated plants and by 46 % in lead-treated ones. Heavy metals markedly increased the content of two compounds: 2'-hydroxygenistein glucoside and 2'-hydroxygenistein 7-O-glucoside malonylated. Possible functions of the identified isoflavonoids in yellow lupine exposed to heavy metal stress are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of nitric oxide in plant responses to heavy metal stress: exogenous application versus endogenous production

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (17) ◽  
pp. 4477-4488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C Terrón-Camero ◽  
M Ángeles Peláez-Vico ◽  
Coral Del-Val ◽  
Luisa M Sandalio ◽  
María C Romero-Puertas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Research Perspectives

Abstract Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial processes, mining, and agriculture, lead to an increase in heavy metal concentrations in soil, water, and air. Given their stability in the environment, heavy metals are difficult to eliminate and can constitute a human health risk by entering the food chain through uptake by crop plants. An excess of heavy metals is toxic for plants, which have various mechanisms to prevent their accumulation. However, once metals enter the plant, oxidative damage sometimes occurs, which can lead to plant death. Initial production of nitric oxide (NO), which may play a role in plant perception, signalling, and stress acclimation, has been shown to protect against heavy metals. Very little is known about NO-dependent mechanisms downstream from signalling pathways in plant responses to heavy metal stress. In this review, using bioinformatic techniques, we analyse studies of the involvement of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress, its possible role as a cytoprotective molecule, and its relationship with reactive oxygen species. Some conclusions are drawn and future research perspectives are outlined to further elucidate the signalling mechanisms underlying the role of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Metal Tolerance Genes in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum): Response to Two Heavy Metal Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Guandi He ◽  
Weijun Tian ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Lulu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Zinc Stress

Abstract Metal tolerance proteins play an important role in the transport and tolerance of divalent heavy metals in plant species. Potatoes are an important food crop whose yields can be deeply affected by heavy metals. However, there is a lack of information concerning the members and function of the MTP gene family in Solanum tuberosum. In this study, we identified and screened 11 MTP genes in potatoes which we named as StMTP1 to StMTP11 based on their positions on the chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis divided these 11 MTP genes into three subfamilies; Mn-MTP, Zn-MTP and Zn/Fe-MTP. HXXXD and DXXXD conserved motifs were found on or around the transmembrane domain II and transmembrane domain V of these proteins. The highly conserved histidine and aspartic acid residues may be related to the transport of metal ions. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of StMTP9 and StMTP10 in leaf tissues increased by around 24-fold following cadmium stress for 24 hours. We hypothesize that StMTP9 and StMTP10 respond to cadmium stress. StMTP11 showed the highest level of expression in stem tissues after 6 hours of zinc stress at more than 13 times the level of expression in controls indicating that StMTP11 is more sensitive to zinc stress. In summary, our results further the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulated by members of the MTP gene family in plant responses to heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Are Endophytic Bacteria an Option for Increasing Heavy Metal Tolerance of Plants? A Meta-Analysis of the Effect Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Franco-Franklin ◽  
Sandra Moreno-Riascos ◽  
Thaura Ghneim-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Biotechnological Applications

Plant endophytic bacteria have received special attention in recent decades for their ability to improve plant response to multiple stresses. A positive effect of endophytes on plant’s ability to cope with drought, salinity, nitrogen deficiency, and pathogens have already been demonstrated in numerous studies, and recently this evidence was consolidated in a meta-analysis of published data. Endophytic bacteria have also been implicated in increasing resistance to heavy metals in plants; despite the important biotechnological applications of such effect in heavy metal bioremediation and agriculture, efforts to systematically analyze studies in this field have been limited. In this study, we address this task with the objective of establishing whether the findings made for other types of stresses extend to the response to heavy metals. Specifically, we seek to establish if plant inoculation with plant-growth promoting endophytic bacteria have an impact on their tolerance to heavy metal stress? We carried out a meta-analysis of the effect size of inoculation with endophytic bacteria on the host plant biomass in response to heavy metal stress (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc), which included 27 (from 76 published in the last 10 years) studies under controlled conditions that evaluated 19 host plants and 20 bacterial genera. Our results suggest that endophytic bacteria increase the biomass production of host plants subjected to different heavy metals, indicating their effectiveness in protecting plants from a wide range of metal toxicities. Stress mitigation by the bacteria was similar among the different plant groups with the exception of non-accumulating plants that benefit most from the symbiotic association. Host identity and heavy metal concentration seem to influence the effect of the bacteria. Our analysis revealed that bacterial consortia provide the greatest benefit although the most common biotechnological applications are not directed towards them, and support the value of endophytic bacteria as an alternative to mitigate heavy metal stress in a wide variety of hosts.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Resistance of Biofilm and Planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2313-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M. Teitzel ◽  
Matthew R. Parsek
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Free Swimming

ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to examine the effects of the heavy metals copper, lead, and zinc on biofilm and planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A rotating-disk biofilm reactor was used to generate biofilm and free-swimming cultures to test their relative levels of resistance to heavy metals. It was determined that biofilms were anywhere from 2 to 600 times more resistant to heavy metal stress than free-swimming cells. When planktonic cells at different stages of growth were examined, it was found that logarithmically growing cells were more resistant to copper and lead stress than stationary-phase cells. However, biofilms were observed to be more resistant to heavy metals than either stationary-phase or logarithmically growing planktonic cells. Microscopy was used to evaluate the effect of copper stress on a mature P. aeruginosa biofilm. The exterior of the biofilm was preferentially killed after exposure to elevated concentrations of copper, and the majority of living cells were near the substratum. A potential explanation for this is that the extracellular polymeric substances that encase a biofilm may be responsible for protecting cells from heavy metal stress by binding the heavy metals and retarding their diffusion within the biofilm.

The effect of multiple heavy metals on ascorbate, glutathione and related enzymes in two mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Yong Huang ◽  
You-Shao Wang ◽  
Cui-Ci Sun ◽  
Jun-De Dong ◽  
Zong-Xun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Kandelia Candel ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Multiple Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Seedlings

The effect of multiple heavy metals on ascorbate, glutathione and related enzymes in two mangrove plant seedlings (In this study, the effect of multiple heavy metal stress on ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes was investigated in the leaves, stems and roots of

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Transcriptional Modulation of Stress-responsive Genes Under Heavy Metal Stress in Freshwater Ciliate, Euplotes Aediculatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sripoorna Somasundaram ◽  
Jeeva Susan Abraham ◽  
Swati Maurya ◽  
Ravi Toteja ◽  
Renu Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Cell Defense ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

Abstract The concentration of heavy metals in the environment is increasing predominantly due to anthropogenic activities such as mining and other industrial activities. Exposure to metals above a certain threshold level induces deleterious effects in the living organisms. To survive such harsh environment, microbes possess a range of tolerance mechanisms and express stress-responsive genes and/or antioxidant enzymes to detoxify the metal stress. Protozoans, especially ciliates, are highly sensitive to the environmental changes, thereby making them suitable model systems for ecotoxicological studies. Thus, in the present work, the effect of heavy metals such as cadmium and copper has been studied in the freshwater ciliate, Euplotes aediculatus. This study focuses on the activity of antioxidant enzymes namely catalase and glutathione peroxidase in E. aediculatus under the heavy metal stress. Also, the expression of stress-responsive genes; heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) and catalase (cat), has been studied after metal exposure. It was observed that the enzyme activity and the expression of these genes increased with an increase in the metal concentration and with the duration of metal exposure. Besides, these genes have been characterized to understand their role in cell defense. These genes of fresh water ciliate, therefore, can be used as molecular biomarkers to evaluate heavy metal toxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on soluble sugar and polyamine content in wheat seedlings exposed to heavy metal stress (Cd, Hg and Pb)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Nesrin Colak ◽  
Petr Tarkowski ◽  
Faik Ayaz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Polyamine Content

Heavy metal stress adversely affects plant growth and productivity worldwide. Alleviating the stress effect through the exogenous use of various chemical substances has become an interesting area of study in the field of plant stress tolerance. As a thiol compound, the cysteine derivative N-acetylcysteine (N-acetyl- L-cysteine, NAC) is the precursor of glutathione synthesis and a potent ROS scavenger with powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenging capabilities. This study investigated the effects of heavy metals (Cd, Hg and Pb, 100 ?M) on accumulation of soluble sugars and polyamine content in roots and shoots of wheat seedlings, the water potential and proline content in shoots and the role of NAC in protection against heavy metal toxicity. The addition of 1 mM NAC significantly increased root content of glucose, fructose and sucrose in varying degrees (avg. 1.34-, 1.20- and 1.51-fold, respectively) in comparison with heavy metals alone. The treatments led to a significant reduction of sugar content in shoots. Water potential values were highly correlated with proline and sugar content in wheat seedling shoots. Heavy metal stress significantly reduced polyamine content in both plant parts. The addition of NAC increased polyamine content in seedlings in comparison with heavy metals alone in both roots and shoots. These results suggest that NAC may protect plants from oxidative stress damage in heavy metal stress, and this enhancement of stress tolerance seems to involve soluble sugar and polyamine biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Potential Agents in Ameliorating Heavy Metal Stress in Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Dhalaria ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Metal Stress

Heavy metal accumulation in plants is a severe environmental problem, rising at an expeditious rate. Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead are known environmental pollutants that exert noxious effects on the morpho-physiological and biological attributes of a plant. Due to their mobile nature, they have become an extended part of the food chain and affect human health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ameliorate metal toxicity as they intensify the plant’s ability to tolerate metal stress. Mycorrhizal fungi have vesicles, which are analogous to fungal vacuoles and accumulate massive amount of heavy metals in them. With the help of a pervasive hyphal network, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help in the uptake of water and nutrients, thereby abating the use of chemical fertilizers on the plants. They also promote resistance parameters in the plants, secrete a glycoprotein named glomalin that reduces the metal uptake in plants by forming glycoprotein–metal complexes, and improve the quality of the soil. They also assist plants in phytoremediation by increasing the absorptive area, increase the antioxidant response, chelate heavy metals and stimulate genes for protein synthesis that reduce the damage caused by free radicals. The current manuscript focuses on the uptake of heavy metals, accumulation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal impact in ameliorating heavy metal stress in plants.

Biochemical changes and adaptive strategies of plants under heavy metal stress

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Solanki ◽  
Rajesh Dhankhar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Exposure

AbstractHeavy metal contamination of soil, aqueous waste stream and ground water causes major environmental and human health problems. Heavy metals are major environmental pollutants when they are present in high concentration in soil and show potential toxic effects on growth and development in plants. Due to unabated, indiscriminate and uncontrolled discharge of hazardous chemicals including heavy metals into the environment, plant continuously have to face various environmental constraints. In plants, seed germination is the first exchange interface with the surrounding medium and has been considered as highly sensitive to environmental changes. One of the crucial events during seed germination entails mobilization of seed reserves which is indispensable for the growth of embryonic axis. But, metabolic alterations by heavy metal exposure are known to depress the mobilization and utilization of reserve food by affecting the activity of hydrolytic enzymes. Some plants possess a range of potential mechanisms that may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals by which they manage to survive under metal stress. High tolerance to heavy metal toxicity could rely either on reduced uptake or increase planned internal sequestration which is manifested by an interaction between a genotype and its environment. Such mechanism involves the binding of heavy metals to cell wall, immobilization, exclusion of the plasma membrane, efflux of these toxic metal ions, reduction of heavy metal transport, compartmentalization and metal chelation by tonoplast located transporters and expression of more general stress response mechanisms such as stress proteins. It is important to understand the toxicity response of plant to heavy metals so that we can utilize appropriate plant species in the rehabilitation of contaminated areas. Therefore, in the present review attempts have been made to evaluate the effects of increasing level of heavy metal in soils on the key behavior of hydrolytic and nitrogen assimilation enzymes. Additionally, it also provides a broad overview of the strategies adopted by plants against heavy metal stress.

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