scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Aframomum melegueta on ethanol-induced toxicity in rats.

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah O Nwozo ◽  
Babatunji E Oyinloye
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Ethanol Administration

In recent years there have been remarkable developments in the prevention of diseases, especially with regards to the role of free radicals and antioxidants. Ethanol-induced oxidative stress appears to be one mechanism by which ethanol causes liver injury. The protective effect of aqueous plant extract of Aframomum melegueta on ethanol-induced toxicity was investigated in male Wistar rats. The rats were treated with 45 % ethanol (4.8 g/kg b.w.t.) for 16 days to induce alcoholic diseases in the liver. The activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and triglyceride were monitored and the histological changes in liver examined in order to evaluate the protective effects of the plant extract. Hepatic malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were determined for the antioxidant status. Chronic ethanol administration resulted in a statistically significant elevation of serum alanine aminotransferases and triglyceride levels, as well as a decrease in reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase which was dramatically attenuated by the co-administration of the plant extract. Histological changes were related to these indices. Co-administration of the plant extract suppressed the elevation of lipid peroxidation, restored the reduced glutathion, and enhanced the superoxide dismutase activity. These results highlight the ability of Aframomum melegueta to ameliorate oxidative damage in the liver and the observed effects are associated with its antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Changes in Antioxidants in the Brain of Fluoride-Treated Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Abdullateef ◽  
Rasheed Abiola Olajide ◽  
Ekpa Emmanuel ◽  
Muhibat Komolafe Bolanle ◽  
Khadijah Umaru
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

In recent times, fluorosis is gradually becoming a severe problem throughout the globe due to toxic effects of fluoride (F) on plants and animals. Natural geological sources and increased industrialization have contributed greatly to the increasing incidence of fluoride-induced human and animal toxicities. Adverse effects are mainly through the attenuation of antioxidant defense mechanism and chelation of enzymatic cofactors. This present study was carried out to investigate the changes that occur on antioxidants in the brain of male wistar rats after sub-chronic fluoride exposure at varying doses (10 ppm, 20 ppm and 40 ppm). Twenty-four (24) Male Wistar rats with average weight of 120 g were distributed into 4 groups according to dose administration (Control; 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 40 ppm) of 6 animals each. The control groups were given only distilled water while the Test groups were given sodium fluoride at doses mentioned above for 30 days. Overnight fasted animals from each group were sacrificed on the 30th day and the brain removed for studying the antioxidant activities. Catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) were measured from the homogenized brain supernatants. Results showed that CAT and GPx decreased in activity in respect to the dose being applied. Decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity was highest at 20 ppm and 40 ppm while Catalase activity showed a decrease at 10 ppm. Reduced glutathione GSH activity increased in the 10 ppm and 20 ppm but decreased at 40 ppm. Other antioxidant activities measured displayed similar trend with much decrease at higher doses. From our results we can say that fluoride toxicity causes changes in antioxidants level. The implications of these findings are herein discussed.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective effect of Costus pictus extract against doxorubicin-induced toxicity on Wistar rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Muthiah Rajasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

The present study was conducted to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of a medicinal herb Costus pictus against doxorubicin-induced toxicity. Rats were divided into six groups and treated with doxorubicin and ethanol extract of the C. pictus. Doxorubicin was administered intraperitoneally with a single dose (4 mg/kg) per week for three weeks. The extract (200 or 400 mg/kg) was administered orally for 4 weeks to two doxorubicin groups. Significant changes of the serum kidney markers, albumin, urea, uric acid and creatinine, and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione–S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxides in the kidney of doxorubicin-treated rat were observed. Histological features were also severely affected. However, biochemical and histological changes in the extract-treated rat were non-significant, showing that the herb is nephroprotective. The effects were comparable to the anti-oxidant vitamin E.

scholarly journals Hepato & nephro protective effects of naringenin-loaded tpgs polymeric nanosuspension against cisplatin-induced toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2755-2764
Author(s):  
Sumathi Rajamani ◽  
Gobinath Kalyanasundaram ◽  
Tamizharasi Sengodan ◽  
Sivakumar Thangavelu ◽  
Nikhitha K Shanmukhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Glycol Succinate ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Cisplatin (Cis-Diammineplatinum (II) dichloride/CIS) is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents widely used in treatment of various cancers. Naringenin (NAR), a natural flavonoid, protect against CIS-induced injury in rats without hampering CIS beneficial cytotoxic activity. Even though NAR exhibits therapeutic potency, clinical evolution of the molecule is embarrassed because of very less aqueous solubility which corresponds to low availability at the site of the tumor. In our former analysis, nanosuspension of naringenin (NARNS) was developed by the method of high-pressure homogenization. The study had been continued to evaluate the protective role of D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) coated NARNS, against oxidative stress-induced hepato and nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats upon CIS treatment. Induction of acute hepato and neprotoxicity was done by intraperitoneal injection (i.p) injection of CIS (7 mg/kg of body weight) and administration of NAR and NARNS. Administration of NARNS virtually suppressed CIS-induced and liver injury evidenced by a reduction of lipid peroxidation level, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, creatinine and elevated enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in rats liver tissue. Histological studies substantiated the biochemical parameters. The study suggests that NARNS has strong hepato and nephroprotective effect compared to NAR.

Oxidative damage and antioxidants in cervical cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. ijgc-2020-001587
Author(s):  
Daciele Paola Preci ◽  
Angélica Almeida ◽  
Anne Liss Weiler ◽  
Maria Luiza Mukai Franciosi ◽  
Andréia Machado Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
The Impact

The pathogenesis of cervical cancer is related to oxidative damage caused by persistent infection by one of the oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV). This damage comes from oxidative stress, which is the imbalance caused by the increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and impaired antioxidant mechanisms, promoting tumor progression through metabolic processes. The incorporation of HPV into the cellular genome leads to the expression of oncoproteins, which are associated with chronic inflammation and increased production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizing proteins, lipids and DNA. The increase in these parameters is related, in general, to the reduction of circulating levels of enzymatic antioxidants—superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase; and non-enzymatic antioxidants—reduced glutathione, coenzyme Q10 and vitamins A, C and E, according to tumor staging. In contrast, some enzymatic antioxidants suffer upregulation in the tumor tissue as a way of adapting to the oxidative environment generated by themselves, such as glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase 2, induced nitric oxide synthase, peroxiredoxins 1, 3 and 6, and thioredoxin reductase 2. The decrease in the expression and activity of certain circulatory antioxidants and increasing the redox status of the tumor cells are thus key to cervical carcinoma prognosis. In addition, vitamin deficit is considered a possible modifiable risk factor by supplementation, since the cellular functions can have a protective effect on the development of cervical cancer. In this review, we will discuss the impact of oxidative damage on cervical cancer progression, as well as the main oxidative markers and therapeutic potentialities of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of Cajanus cajan in N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Liver Damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka Eze Joshua Iweala ◽  
Winifred Osa Evbakhavbokun ◽  
Emmanuel Ndubisi Maduagwu
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is a nitrosamine derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties which can be found in tobacco smoke, meat and various food products. This study examined the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Cajanus cajan (C. cajan) with respect to hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Administration of NDEA induced hepatotoxicity at 200 mg/kg while C. cajan was administered (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) for 28 days. NDEA-induced hepatotoxicity significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), albumin (ALB), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). C. cajan-treated groups were seen to have significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased ALT and AST and significantly (p < 0.05) increased ALB, GST, GSH, SOD and CAT. The NDEA-treated group also showed a marginal increase in body weight and a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in liver weight. The C. cajan treated groups showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase and decrease respectively in body and liver weights. Histopathological changes also substantiated NDEA-induced hepatotoxicity and the hepatoprotective effect of C. cajan on the liver. The results indicate that C. cajan has the potential to ameliorate NDEA-induced hepatotoxicity.

Aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) protects mice against cyclophosphamideinduced biochemical toxicity

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Haque ◽  
B Bin-Hafeez ◽  
S Parvez ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
I Sayeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Super Oxide Dismutase

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is extensively used in traditional systems of medicine for treatment of various ailments. It is described as an anticancer, tonic, blood purifier and detoxifier agent. The present study was undertaken to investigate modulatory effects of walnut extract on the toxicity of an anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CP) with special reference to protection against disruption of drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes. Plant extract+CP group animals showed restoration in the level of cytochrome P450 (CYP) content and in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and catalase (CAT) in both liver and kidneys. But plant extract restored the activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidneys only when compared with CP-treated animals. Plant extract treatment alone caused significant reduction in the content of CYP in the kidneys mainly. The extract showed a significant increase in the level of GSH and in the activities of GP in both the tissues and CAT in liver only, whereas no significant change was observed in the activities of GST and SOD. CP treatment resulted in a significant (P<0.01) increase in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver and kidneys compared with controls, while the extract CP treated group showed a significant decrease in the LPO in liver and kidneys when compared with the CP-treated group. The study shows that the use of J. regia extract might be helpful in abrogation of CP toxicity during the chemotherapy.

Protective effects of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. in cyclophosphamide-treated mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Haque ◽  
B Bin-Hafeez ◽  
I Ahmad ◽  
S Parvez ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Indian Gooseberry

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the most popular alkylating anticancer drugs in spite of its toxic side effects including immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity, mutagenicity and a host of others. The present study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of total aqueous extract of a medicinal plant, Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) in mice treated with CP. These protective effects were studied on immunological parameters and kidney and liver antioxidants. Plant extract treatment at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per os (p.o.) for 10 days resulted in the modulation of these parameters in normal as well as CP (50 mg/kg)-treated animals. Plant extract in particular was very effective in reducing CP-induced suppression of humoral immunity. Plant extract treatment in normal animals modulated certain antioxidants of kidney and liver. In CP-exposed animals, plant pretreatment provided protection to antioxidants of kidney. Not only were the reduced glutathione levels significantly (p<0.001) increased but plant extract treatment resulted in restoration of antioxidant enzymes in CP-treated animals. It is suggested that E. officinalis or its medicinal preparations may prove to be useful as a component of combination therapy in cancer patients under CP treatment regimen. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2001) 20, 643–650.

scholarly journals Effects of ginger along with exercise training on serum levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes and malondialdehyde and the activity of liver tissue superoxide dismutase in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Aghaali Ghasemnian ◽  
Zeinab Iddehloei ◽  
Ahmad Rahmani ◽  
Mozhgan Usefpour
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 months of endurance training (ET) along with ginger consumption on the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue in male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the weight as follows: control (n=8), sham (n=8), ET (n=8), ginger (n=8), and ET + ginger (n=8). The training protocol was an ET program on a treadmill for two months (5 days a week). Besides standard water and food, in groups using the supplement, 100 mg of ginger solution per kg body weight of the rats was injected three days a week. Then, 48 hours after the last training session and after 8 hours of fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected over night and the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), MDA level of the liver tissue, and activity of the liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that after 8 weeks, the activity of liver SOD in ET group (131.7±18.6, P=0.001) and ET + Ginger group (130.2±31.3, P=0.001) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (83.8±14.9). Moreover, liver MDA levels in the ET group (0.38±0.08, P=0.008) and ET + Ginger group (0.37±0.09, P=0.013) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (0.25.0±03). However, 8 weeks of ET coupled with ginger consumption had no effects on the serum levels of AST and ALT (P>0.05). Furthermore, ginger had no effect on MDA level and enzymatic activity of SOD (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study does not support the protective effects of ginger on the reduction of liver enzymes levels and improvement of the antioxidant status

scholarly journals Antipyretic and antioxidant activities of Eleucine indica

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Ette Okon Ettebong ◽  
◽  
Paul Alozie Nwafor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Samples

Eleucine indica is a medicinal plant used by the Ibibios of southern Nigeria in the treatment of malaria fever and also as a tonic. This study was to evaluate the antipyretic activities of the ethanol extract and the antioxidant activities of the extract, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions of the whole plant. Basal rectal temperatures of adult albino rats of both sexes were recorded and the animals fasted for 24 h but allowed access to water ad libitum. They were then treated with DNP (10 mg/kg) and amphetamine (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Within 30 min following the administration of amphetamine, animals with increased temperature of 1◦C were selected and randomized into five groups of six animals each. Group 1 received 10 ml/kg of distilled water orally. Group’s 2 - 4 animals were administered 200 – 600 mg/kg of the extract intraperitoneally respectively. Group 5 animals received 100 mg/kg of acetyl salicylic acid orally. Yeast-induced pyrexia was achieved using 10 ml/kg of Brewer’s yeast suspension injected subcutaneously in the back below the neck. Rectal temperatures were then obtained at 0.5 h and thereafter hourly for 5h. Superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase, free radical scavenging with 1, 2-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl, lipid peroxidation and methaemoglobin were measured in rats using standard methods. The result showed a significant (p < 0.05 – 0.001) and dose-dependent reduction in the elevated body temperature in rats pre-treated with the extract compared to control. There were also significantly high levels of superoxide dismutase and increased levels of reduced glutathione, catalase, free radical scavenging activity with DPPH, lipid peroxidation and methaemoglobin in both serum samples and liver homogenates of rats relative to control. These results corroborate with the ethno botanical use of the plant as antipyretic and depicts that the plant has both antioxidant ad pro-oxidant properties.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Quercetin and α-Lipoic Acid on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooad Saud Al-Otaibi ◽  
Maha Mohamad Arafah ◽  
Bechan Sharma ◽  
Abdullah Salih Alhomida ◽  
Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Protective Effects

Objectives. The present study was carried out to study the protective effects of quercetin and α-lipoic acid alone and in combination against aluminum chloride induced neurotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. The study consisted of eight groups, namely, Group 1: control rats, Group 2: rats receiving aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal route (i.p) for two weeks, Group 3: rats receiving quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 4: rats receiving quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 5: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 6: rats receiving lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 7: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight and quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, and Group 8: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight and quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks. The animals were killed after 24 hours of the last dose by cervical dislocation. Results. Aluminium chloride treatment of rats resulted in significant increases in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, and acetylcholine esterase activity in the brain. This was accompanied with significant decreases in reduced glutathione, activities of the glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats to either quercetin or α-lipoic acid also restored altered lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase to near normal levels. Quercetin or α-lipoic acid pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats improved the protein carbonyl and reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, and acetylcholine esterase activities in rat brains towards normal levels. Combined pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats with quercetin and α-lipoic acid resulted in a tendency towards normalization of most of the parameters. Conclusions. Quercetin and α-lipoic acid complemented each other in protecting the rat brain against oxidative stress induced by aluminium chloride.

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