scholarly journals Differences in editing of mitochondrial nad3 transcripts from CMS and fertile carrots.

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rurek ◽  
M Szklarczyk ◽  
N Adamczyk ◽  
B Michalik ◽  
H Augustyniak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Sequence Conservation ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Fertile Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reading Frames

A high level of the nucleotide sequence conservation was found for mitochondrial nad3 gene of carrot. Three silent nucleotide substitutions differentiate nad3 open reading frames from cytoplasmic male sterile and male fertile carrots. All these differences are preserved on the RNA level. Partial and silent editing also distinguished both carrots. Three of the C to U conversions were specific to the fertile line. In the two examined carrot lines editing did not affect the mode of alteration of encoded amino acids.

scholarly journals Heterochromatic Stellate Gene Cluster in Drosophila melanogaster: Structure and Molecular Evolution

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei V Tulin ◽  
Galina L Kogan ◽  
Dominik Filipp ◽  
Maria D Balakireva ◽  
Vladimir A Gvozdev
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Protein Kinase Ck2 ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Retrotransposon Insertion ◽  
High Level ◽  
Kinase Ck2 ◽  
Reading Frames

The 30-kb cluster comprising close to 20 copies of tandemly repeated Stellate genes was localized in the distal heterochromatin of the X chromosome. Of 10 sequenced genes, nine contain undamaged open reading frames with extensive similarity to protein kinase CK2 β-subunit; one gene is interrupted by an insertion. The heterochromatic array of Stellate repeats is divided into three regions by a 4.5-kb DNA segment of unknown origin and a retrotransposon insertion: the A region (∼14 Stellate genes), the adjacent B region (approximately three Stellate genes), and the C region (about four Stellate genes). The sequencing of Stellate copies located along the discontinuous cluster revealed a complex pattern of diversification. The lowest level of divergence was detected in nearby Stellate repeats. The marginal copies of the A region, truncated or interrupted by an insertion, escaped homogenization and demonstrated high levels of divergence. Comparison of copies in the B and C regions, which are separated by a retrotransposon insertion, revealed a high level of diversification. These observations suggest that homogenization takes place in the Stellate cluster, but that inserted sequences may impede this process.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Intronic Open Reading Frames in Podospora: Mobility and Consecutive Exonic Sequence Variations

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole H Sellem ◽  
Yves d'Aubenton-Carafa ◽  
Michèle Rossignol ◽  
Léon Belcour
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Modular Evolution ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Adjacent Exon

Abstract The mitochondrial genome of 23 wild-type strains belonging to three different species of The mitochondrial genome the filamentous fungus Podospora was examined. Among the 15 optional sequences identified are two intronic reading frames, nad1-i4-orf1 and cox1-i7-orf2. We show that the presence of these sequences was strictly correlated with tightly clustered nucleotide substitutions in the adjacent exon. This correlation applies to the presence or absence of closely related open reading frames (ORFs), found at the same genetic locations, in all the Pyrenomycete genera examined. The recent gain of these optional ORFs in the evolution of the genus Podospora probably account for such sequence differences. In the homoplasmic progeny from heteroplasmons constructed between Podospora strains differing by the presence of these optional ORFs, nad1-i4-orf1 and cox1-i7-orf2 appeared highly invasive. Sequence comparisons in the nad1-i4 intron of various strains of the Pyrenomycete family led us to propose a scenario of its evolution that includes several events of loss and gain of intronic ORFs. These results strongly reinforce the idea that group I intronic ORFs are mobile elements and that their transfer, and comcomitant modification of the adjacent exon, could participate in the modular evolution of mitochondrial genomes.

scholarly journals The Nucleotide Sequence of Shiga Toxin (Stx) 2e-Encoding Phage φP27 Is Not Related to Other Stx Phage Genomes, but the Modular Genetic Structure Is Conserved

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1896-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Recktenwald ◽  
Herbert Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Phage Genome ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Functional Modules ◽  
Phage Propagation ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Lambdoid Phages

ABSTRACT In this study we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of Shiga toxin 2e-encoding bacteriophage φP27, isolated from the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli patient isolate 2771/97. φP27 is integrated as a prophage in the chromosomal yecE gene. This integration generates identity segments of attL and attR sites with lengths of 11 nucleotides. The integrated prophage genome has a size of 42,575 bp. We identified 58 open reading frames (ORFs), each with a length of >150 nucleotides. The deduced proteins of 44 ORFs showed significant homologies to other proteins present in sequence databases, whereas 14 putative proteins did not. For 29 proteins, we could deduce a putative function. Most of these are related to the basic phage propagation cycle. The φP27 genome represents a mosaic composed of genetic elements which are obviously derived from related and unrelated phages. We identified five short linker sequences of 22 to 151 bp in the φP27 sequence which have also been detected in a couple of other lambdoid phages. These linkers are located between functional modules in the phage genome and are thought to play a role in genetic recombination. Although the overall DNA sequence of φP27 is not highly related to other known phages, the data obtained demonstrate a typical lambdoid genome structure.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Two Dual-Serotype-Specific Echovirus 20 Strains from Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. C. Faleye ◽  
O. M. Adewumi ◽  
D. Klapsa ◽  
M. Majumdar ◽  
J. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Overlapping Open Reading Frames ◽  
Reading Frames

Here, we describe nearly complete genome sequences (7,361 nucleotides [nt] and 6,893 nt) of two echovirus 20 (E20) isolates from Nigeria that were simultaneously typed as CVB and E20 (dual serotype) by neutralization assay. Both include two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) of 67 and 2,183 amino acids that encoded a recently described gut infection-facilitating protein and the classic enterovirus proteins, respectively.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Sequence and Genetic Structure of a Novel Carbaryl Hydrolase Gene (cehA) from Rhizobium sp. Strain AC100

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 1220-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hashimoto ◽  
Mitsuru Fukui ◽  
Kouichi Hayano ◽  
Masahito Hayatsu
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Rhizobium sp. strain AC100, which is capable of degrading carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate), was isolated from soil treated with carbaryl. This bacterium hydrolyzed carbaryl to 1-naphthol and methylamine. Carbaryl hydrolase from the strain was purified to homogeneity, and its N-terminal sequence, molecular mass (82 kDa), and enzymatic properties were determined. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed 1-naphthyl acetate and 4-nitrophenyl acetate indicating that the enzyme is an esterase. We then cloned the carbaryl hydrolase gene (cehA) from the plasmid DNA of the strain and determined the nucleotide sequence of the 10-kb region containing cehA. No homologous sequences were found by a database homology search using the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the cehA gene. Six open reading frames including the cehA gene were found in the 10-kb region, and sequencing analysis shows that the cehA gene is flanked by two copies of insertion sequence-like sequence, suggesting that it makes part of a composite transposon.

scholarly journals Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Genome Organization of Hibiscus Chlorotic Ringspot Virus, a New Member of the Genus Carmovirus: Evidence for the Presence and Expression of Two Novel Open Reading Frames

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 3149-3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Huang ◽  
Dora Chin-Yen Koh ◽  
Li-Juan Weng ◽  
Min-Li Chang ◽  
Yun-Kiam Yap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
High Amino Acid ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT The complete nucleotide sequence of hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV) was determined. The genomic RNA (gRNA) is 3,911 nucleotides long and has the potential to encode seven viral proteins in the order of 28 (p28), 23 (p23), 81 (p81), 8 (p8), 9 (p9), 38 (p38), and 25 (p25) kDa. Excluding two unique open reading frames (ORFs) encoding p23 and p25, the ORFs encode proteins with high amino acid similarity to those of carmoviruses. In addition to gRNA, two 3′-coterminated subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) species were identified. Full-length cDNA clones derived from gRNA and sgRNA were constructed under the control of a T7 promoter. Both capped and uncapped transcripts derived from the full-length genomic cDNA clone were infectious. In vitro translation and mutagenesis assays confirmed that all the predicted ORFs except the ORF encoding p8 are translatable, and the two novel ORFs (those encoding p23 and p25) may be functionally indispensable for the viral infection cycle. Based on virion morphology and genome organization, we propose that HCRSV be classified as a new member of the genus Carmovirus in familyTombusviridae.

The Nucleotide Sequence of a 39 kb Segment of Yeast Chromosome IV: 12 New Open Reading Frames, Nine Known Genes and One Gene for Gly-tRNA

Yeast ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ BAHR ◽  
SABINE MÖLLER-RIEKER ◽  
THOMAS HANKELN ◽  
CHRISTIANE KRAEMER ◽  
URSULA PROTIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Yeast Chromosome ◽  
Reading Frames

scholarly journals Chroniques génomiques

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 675-677
Author(s):  
Bertrand Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Small Orfs ◽  
Reading Frames

A systematic search for non-conventional open reading frames in human DNA reveals a large number of small ORFs encoding peptides generally smaller than 100 amino-acids. These ORFs are transcribed and translated into small proteins, which are demonstrated to have functional significance by bulk CRISPR inactivation. Evidence is also found for bicistronic mRNAs including such a small ORF upstream of a canonical coding sequence. These findings add a new facet to our understanding of biological processes.

scholarly journals Genetic Identification of the Bacteriocins Produced by Enterococcus faecium IT62 and Evidence that Bacteriocin 32 Is Identical to Enterocin IT

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1907-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Izquierdo ◽  
Yimin Cai ◽  
Eric Marchioni ◽  
Saïd Ennahar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Leader Peptide ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecium IT62, a strain isolated from ryegrass in Japan, produces three bacteriocins (enterocins L50A, L50B, and IT) that have been previously purified and the primary structures of which have been determined by amino acid sequencing (E. Izquierdo, A. Bednarczyk, C. Schaeffer, Y. Cai, E. Marchioni, A. Van Dorsselaer, and S. Ennahar, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52:1917-1923, 2008). Genetic analysis showed that the bacteriocins of E. faecium IT62 are plasmid encoded, but with the structural genes specifying enterocin L50A and enterocin L50B being carried by a plasmid (pTAB1) that is separate from the one (pTIT1) carrying the structural gene of enterocin IT. Sequencing analysis of a 1,475-bp region from pTAB1 identified two consecutive open reading frames corresponding, with the exception of 2 bp, to the genes entL50A and entL50B, encoding EntL50A and EntL50B, respectively. Both bacteriocins are synthesized without N-terminal leader sequences. Genetic analysis of a sequenced 1,380-bp pTIT1 fragment showed that the genes entIT and entIM, encoding enterocin IT and its immunity protein, respectively, were both found in E. faecium VRE200 for bacteriocin 32. Enterocin IT, a 6,390-Da peptide made up of 54 amino acids, has been previously shown to be identical to the C-terminal part of bacteriocin 32, a 7,998-Da bacteriocin produced by E. faecium VRE200 whose structure was deduced from its structural gene (T. Inoue, H. Tomita, and Y. Ike, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50:1202-1212, 2006). By combining the biochemical and genetic data on enterocin IT, it was concluded that bacteriocin 32 is in fact identical to enterocin IT, both being encoded by the same plasmid-borne gene, and that the N-terminal leader peptide for this bacteriocin is 35 amino acids long and not 19 amino acids long as previously reported.

Nucleotide sequence of the p21 transforming protein of Harvey murine sarcoma virus

Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 217 (4563) ◽  
pp. 934-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Dhar ◽  
RW Ellis ◽  
TY Shih ◽  
S Oroszlan ◽  
B Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Murine Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Murine Sarcoma ◽  
Reading Frames

Harvey murine sarcoma virus is a retrovirus which transforms cells by means of a single virally encoded protein called p21 has. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 1.0 kilobase in the 5' half of the viral genome which encompasses the has coding sequences and its associated regulatory signals. The nucleotide sequence has identified the amino acid sequence of two additional overlapping polypeptides which share their reading frames and the carboxyl termini with p21 but which contain additional NH2-terminal amino acids.

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