scholarly journals Comparison of Methods Used to Correct Self-Reported Protein Intake for Systematic Variation in Reported Energy Intake Using Quantitative Biomarkers of Dietary Intake

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336
Author(s):  
Amy L Korth ◽  
Surabhi Bhutani ◽  
Marian L Neuhouser ◽  
Shirley A Beresford ◽  
Linda Snetselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Residual Method ◽  
Method R ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

ABSTRACT Background Multiple methods of correcting nutrient intake for misreported energy intake have been proposed but have not been extensively compared. The availability of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) data set, which includes several objective recovery biomarkers, offers an opportunity to compare these corrections with respect to protein intake. Objective We compared 5 energy-correction methods for self-reported dietary protein against urinary nitrogen–derived protein intake. Methods As part of the WHI Nutritional Biomarkers Study (NBS) 544 participants (50- to 80-y-old women) completed a FFQ and biomarker assessments using doubly labeled water (DLW) for total energy expenditure (TEE) and 24-h urinary nitrogen. Correction methods evaluated were as follows: 1) DLW-TEE; 2) the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) estimated energy requirement (EER) TEE prediction equation based on sex, height, weight, and age; 3) published NBS total energy TEE prediction (WHI-NBS-TEE) using age, BMI, race, and income; 4) reported protein versus reported energy linear regression–based residual method; and 5) a Goldberg cutoff to exclude subjects reporting energy intakes <1.35 times their basal metabolic rate. Efficacy was evaluated using correlations obtained by regressing corrected protein against biomarker protein (6.25 × urinary nitrogen/0.81). Results Unadjusted self-reported protein intake from the FFQ (mean = 66.7 g) correlated weakly (r = 0.31) with biomarker protein (mean = 74.9 g). DLW-TEE–corrected self-reported protein intake (mean = 90.7 g) had the strongest correlation with biomarker protein (r = 0.47). Other energy corrections yielded lower, but still significant correlations: EER, r = 0.44 (mean = 92.1 g); WHI-NBS-TEE, r = 0.37 (mean = 90.4 g); Goldberg cutoff, r = 0.36 (mean = 88.4 g); and residual method, r = 0.35 (mean = 66.7 g). Conclusions Our data indicate that proportional correction of reported protein intake using a measure of energy requirement from DLW-TEE or IOM-EER performed modestly better than other methods in this cohort. These energy adjustments, however, yielded corrected protein exceeding the biomarker protein, indicating that energy adjustment alone does not eliminate all self-reported protein reporting bias.

scholarly journals Improved process modifications of aqueous ammonia-based CO2 capture system

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Ann Obek ◽  
Foster Kofi Ayittey ◽  
Agus Saptoro
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
High Volatility

Extensive research works on CO2 capture process using MEA have been carried out and showed promising results. Nevertheless, it has been acknowledged that the use of MEA is associated with high cost, solvent degradation issues and corrosion. The issues above have motivated researchers to explore and test other potential solvents such as aqueous ammonia (NH3). As result, NH3 based CO2 capture systems have recently attracted much attention as an alternative to MEA based counterparts. Despite their encouraging applications, high volatility of NH3 raise concerns on the energy requirement related to the solvent recovery. Consequently, energy efficient NH3 based CO2 capture systems by modifying the process is desirable. This study, therefore, aims to propose and evaluate three different stand-alone process configurations of absorption-desorption processes in a NH3-based system and compare them with the traditional absorption-desorption system in respect to total energy consumption. These modifications include Rich Solvent Split (RSS), Lean Vapor Compression (LVC), and Rich Vapor Compression (RVC). Results indicate that among these three proposed process modifications, LVC led to the highest reboiler energy savings of 38.3% and total energy savings of 34.5% compared to NH3 based conventional configuration. These findings can serve as essential recommendations for further studies on and large-scale implementations of aqueous NH3 as a better solvent.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN FORMULA ENTERAL RENDAH LEMAK BERBASIS TEPUNG EDAMAME DENGAN FORMULA KOMERSIAL RENDAH LEMAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Siti Aliyah ◽  
Suci Indah Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Enteral Formula ◽  
Modified Formula

Dyslipidemia leads to atherosclerosis which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Edamame contains omega-3 fatty acids and phytochemical components such as isoflavones, sterols and saponins, and also high in fiber content. Edamame has been proved to have ability to decrease LDL cholesterol level. This research aims to analyze the comparison of edamame flour based low fat enteral formula with commercial low fat formula. This was a descriptive comparatif research design. Data collection was done by doing calculations on nutrient content and bioavailability protein, also organoleptic quality of low fat enteral formula with edamame flour substitution. The result showed that fat content of modified formula was 26.4% of total energy requirement and the value had met dietary requirement for dyslipidemia diet which is not more than <30% of total energy requirement. Type of fat in this formula largely contans unsaturated fats derived from omega-3 fatty acids of soy edamame and omega-9 fatty acids from olive oil. The value of  protein bioavailability which was shown from Amino Acid Score was 32.18, Theoretical Digestibility was 89.27, Net Protein Utilization was 28.73, Protein Worth of Eggs was 16.77, and Protein Eficiency Ratio was 4.51. The result of hedonic quality test showed that the color of low fat enteral formula with edamame flour substitution was light brown, the taste was sweet, the smell was typical edamame aroma, and had liquid consistency. Based on the comparison of commercial enteral formula with non-commercial enteral formula based on edamame flour, it can be concluded that edamame based flour enteral formula can be recommended as a non-commercial enteral formula for patients with dyslipidemia replacing commercial formula.

Net Energy Analysis of Molasses Based Bioethanol Production in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Carrin Aprinada ◽  
Irvan S. Kartawiria ◽  
Evita H. Legowo
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Plant Capacity

Molasses is mostly used as feedstock for the bioethanol production in Indonesia. Bioethanol industries has the potential to be more developed if the mandate of blending gasoline with 5% bioethanol is implemented. However, some previous studies abroad have shown that mostly the net energy for producing bioethanol is negative. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the net energy requirement if a bioethanol conversion plant from scenario of a bioethanol producer in East Java. Bioethanol conversion processes inside the plant are pre-fermentation, fermentation, evaporation, distillation and dehydration. Method which was used in this research are modelling and calculation made on monthly basis for plant capacity of 30,000 KL/ year ethanol of 99.5% purity. The result shows that the total energy required to produce 1 L of ethanol is 4.55 MJ. The energy content of 1 L ethanol is 23.46 MJ. The largest energy requirement is for evaporation process (62%) followed by distillation process (33%). Thus, the net energy requirement for bioethanol production process is positive.

The influence of dietary protein and energy intake on the performance, body composition and energy utilization of pigs growing from 7 to 19 kg

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein

ABSTRACTThirty-six entire male pigs were used to investigate the effects of two levels of dietary crude protein (150 and 220 g/kg) each in combination with four levels of feeding (1·0, 1·32, 1·64 MJ digestible energy/kg M0·73per day andad libitum) on growth, body composition and energy utilization over the live-weight range 7 to 19 kg.Growth rate responded linearly (P< 0·001) to increasing energy intake but was depressed (P< 0·05) when dietary crude protein was reduced from 220 to 150 g/kg.Raising digestible energy intake increased and decreased respectively the proportions of fat and protein in the empty body at 19 kg live weight. However, the magnitude of the response of both components to change in digestible energy intake was reduced in the case of pigs fed the lower protein diet.Total energy retained and that retained as fat and as protein responded linearly (P< 0·001) to change in digestible energy intake of either diet. Extrapolation of the regression of total energy retained on digestible energy intake yielded a digestible energy requirement for maintenance of 510 kJ/kg M0·75per day, which was unaffected by level of dietary protein.The partial efficiencies of protein utilization, estimated from the regressions of protein deposition (g/day) on protein intake (g/day), were 0·616 and 0·411 for pigs given the diets containing 150 and 220 g crude protein per kg respectively.

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