The framework agreement on facilitation of cross-border paperless trade in Asia and the Pacific: An inclusive platform towards digital trade facilitation

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Pacific

Climate Change and Trade Facilitation: Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emission Savings from Implementation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific

2021 ◽  
pp. 263168462110355
Author(s):  
Yann Duval ◽  
Simon Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Pacific

The Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific entered into force in February 2021. While economic benefits associated with paperless trade facilitation are well known, little attention has been paid to measuring the potential environmental benefits. Accordingly, this article sets out to quantify the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that could be saved if all trade-related paper documents in the region are ultimately replaced by digital documents and data exchange, as foreseen in the regional framework agreement. This is carried out by combining detailed descriptions of trade transactions, data on trading volumes and relevant emission factors. Even with conservative assumptions, the emissions saved by fully digitalising a single end-to-end trade transaction are equivalent to planting 1.5 trees. For the Asia-Pacific, this implies savings of about 13 million tons of CO2e annually, equivalent to the carbon absorbed by 400 million trees. The results are driven by efficiency gains from handling data digitally rather than by the direct savings of paper and ink. JEL Classification: F18, H83, Q56

scholarly journals Next-generation Trade Facilitation for Asian Integration: Cross-border Paperless Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Y. Duval ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
C. Utoktham ◽  
A. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Trade Costs ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Asian Integration ◽  
Trade Measures ◽  
Made In

Reducing trade costs is essential to achieve Asian integration. Trade costs in the Asian and the Pacific region remain high, in particular, between different Asian subregions. Significant progress has been made in implementation of trade facilitation measures between 2015 and 2017, particularly those included in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). However, progress in implementing of next-generation digital trade facilitation measures, such as cross-border paperless trade measures, has been more limited. Simulation results suggest that full implementation of such measures could nearly double trade costs reductions expected from WTO TFA implementation. A new regional United Nations (UN) treaty, the Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific, may accelerate progress in this area. JEL Codes: F13, F15, F17

scholarly journals Cross-border Life in an American Exclave: Point Roberts and the Canada–US Border

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alexandre Beylier
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Border Town ◽  
Canadian City

By applying a theoretical framework based on different models proposed in border studies literature, this article analyzes the morphological, functional, institutional and identity characteristics that make Point Roberts—an American exclave in the Pacific Northwest—a “cross-border town”. Using an online survey and face-to-face interviews, the author combines both quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to examine the forces that link Point Roberts and the Canadian city of Delta that lies across the Canada–US border. This paper highlights the specificities of this unique geographic configuration as well the challenges that the border represents.

Research on China Cross-border E-commerce Development Strategy under the Background of Trade Facilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Xiang LIU ◽  
Shu LU
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The main purpose of trade facilitation is to simplify trade processes, reduce trade costs, and improve policy transparency. Affected by the global financial crisis, global market demand is insufficient, and China's foreign trade growth is weak, while cross-border e-commerce is thriving, showing a gratifying growth trend. The qualitative and quantitative leap of cross-border e-commerce is inseparable from the macro-environmental support and influence of my country's social development. Chinese government departments should actively participate in relevant meetings and project negotiations of international organizations, establish friendly exchanges and cooperative relations with other countries, and achieve tax incentives and credit Negotiation and coordination mechanisms for system construction cooperation, data security, cybercrime, etc., to seek more convenient and efficient border management

Promoting Women’s Participation in Cross-border Trade in South Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Talajeh Livani ◽  
Jennifer Solotaroff
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Border Trade

Historically, practitioners and policymakers have overlooked gender issues in the trade space; however, research in recent decades strongly suggests that trade is not gender neutral. Cross-border trade produces changes in employment and prices, and these changes have different effects on women and men. Moreover, because women and men do not have equal access to education, networks, transportation and productive resources, their ability to seize trade-related opportunities differs. General trade barriers, such as deficient infrastructure and cumbersome regulatory and documentary requirements, also have gender-differentiated impacts. Drawing from the global literature, this article proposes policy recommendations to expand the benefits of trade to women in South Asia. The recommendations range from strengthening female-dominated export sectors and implementing trade facilitation measures to increasing women’s access to training, productive resources, information, transportation and trade networks.

scholarly journals Anticorruption as Transnational Law: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, PRC Law, and Party Rules in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-279
Author(s):  
Matthew S Erie
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ◽  
Transnational Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Transnational Communities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Zero Sum

Abstract Corruption has been linked to urgent transnational problems, including, inter alia, market uncertainties, the undermining of democracy, economic disparity, religious extremism, and authoritarianism. As corruption is a global problem, it requires coordination across states’ anticorruption laws. Anticorruption thus provides grounds to reassess the promise and limits of transnational law. This Article examines the operation of anticorruption as transnational law across the corporate governance regimes of the United States and China, the world’s two largest economies. As opposed to perceptions that Washington and Beijing are engaged in a zero-sum game, anticorruption is a policy concern against which both states may rally. Inter-regulatory coordination is far from a frictionless process, however. Cross-border lawyers working on both sides of the Pacific engaged in anticorruption law are a type of transnational community and highlight these tensions. Lawyers apply standards in the 1977 U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the People’s Republic of China antibribery laws, and internal Chinese Communist Party rules to ensure their clients comply with multiple regimes. Ethnographic data shows that lawyers assess different regulatory environments, in this case, one of extraterritorial jurisdiction and the other characterized by a political campaign, in the course of advising multinational companies. The Article argues that lawyers’ roles are a lynchpin of these overlapping systems of compliance as their work operates to discipline corporations in China; nonetheless, lawyers’ position in the global legal market impacts what they deem to be “corrupt” and which rules apply. A focus on cross-border lawyers as transnational communities thus marries legal analysis with a contextual grounding in lawyers’ work, an approach that has merit for the study of comparative law more generally. The Article finds that given market pressures, in the area of anticorruption, trends show a preference for “bicultural lawyers,” those who are both embedded within transnational communities and respond to demands in the global market.

scholarly journals The Evolution of International Policing in the Pacific: a Critical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bronwin M. Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Police Services ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Growing Body

<p>I have been involved in policing and crime prevention for many years. I was a sworn member of Victoria Police (Australia), a crime prevention coordinator in a New Zealand community, and am currently employed by New Zealand Police (NZP). My interest in international policing grew as I realised more and more police were serving in a number of roles overseas. At first, I thought this a nice departure from normal duties for those lucky enough to take up opportunities to contribute to policing in other countries. Deeper thought followed about the juxtaposition of western models of policing, international relations and the customs of developing countries. The more I tried to find out the more questions were raised. Soon it was evident that little had been written about international policing and even less about international policing in relation to the Pacific. The need for research that combines the study of cross-border policing of crime and criminality with international relations scholarship has been identified by Peter Andreas and Ethan Nadelmann in their 2006 co-authored book. A growing body of literature examines policing and development in the Pacific, but is mainly centred on conflicts in Melanesia with particular emphasis on the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI). Apparently, no single work discusses the needs of police services in the Pacific in relation to domestic policing and international cooperation. This work seeks to fill that gap.</p>

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