scholarly journals Investors’ characteristics and the business climate as drivers of backward linkages in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-904
Author(s):  
Chiara Franco ◽  
Marco Sanfilippo ◽  
Adnan Seric
Keyword(s):  
Business Climate ◽  
Backward Linkages

scholarly journals McDonald's — Much Maligned, But an Engine of Economic Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian E. Tschoegl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Fast Food Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Backward Linkages

Critics have excoriated the US fast-food industry in general, and McDonald's most particularly, both per se and as a symbol of the United States. However, examining McDonald's internationalization and development abroad suggests that McDonald's and the others of its ilk are sources of development for mid-range countries. McDonald's brings training in management, encourages entrepreneurship directly through franchises and indirectly through demonstration effects, creates backward linkages that develop local suppliers, fosters exports by their suppliers, and has positive external effects on productivity and standards of service, cleanliness, and quality in the host economies.

Tariff barriers and industrial spillover effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Woo Kang ◽  
Suzette Dagli
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Backward Linkages ◽  
Linkage Effects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that higher tariffs under protectionism will have significant indirect impact through industrial forward and backward linkages, causing greater economic losses to tariff-imposing economies than to exporting countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors use partial equilibrium analysis based on unique multi-regional input-output (IO) data in measuring the second-round spillover effects of higher tariffs, also investigating the scenario of plausible substitutability across import sources as well as sectors based on historical import intensity data. Findings Higher tariffs do not only have a direct impact, but also a significant indirect impact—through forward and backward linkages. Indirect effects can be extensive across economies and sectors—both in forward and backward linkages such as in transport—when value chains are longer and more complex. When possible substitution effects between different import sources and sectors are considered, negative forward linkage effects can be smaller, while negative backward linkage effects become more pronounced. Nevertheless, both negative effects are still found to be much bigger in indirect impacts compared with direct impacts. Research limitations/implications This implies that higher tariffs, including administrative trade measures such as anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties could ironically entail rather greater negative impact on the tariff-imposing importing economies by damaging their exports of domestic sectors using the targeted imports as intermediate inputs, which could be severe if the importing sector has a long value chain in particular through deep forward linkages. Originality/value This paper uses unique multi-regional IO data covering 45 economies’ 35 sectors in analyzing the second-round spillover effects across countries and sectors and employs comparative statics under different scenarios.

scholarly journals Supermarket Supply Chains Marketing Models in India: The Novel Market Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-360
Author(s):  
Madiga Bala Dastagiri ◽  
T.K. Immanuelraj
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Market Models ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Public Markets ◽  
Marketing Models ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Backward Linkages

The super market revolution has been underway in developing countries. Market research says that larger the numbers of economic agents involved in marketing and lesser their incomes’ share in consumer price’. The prospective solution to this problem may be consolidation of supply chain. The main motive of this paper is to explore the ways or super markets models that will integrate the small and marginal farmers with supply chain system in India. Information on marketing models and marketing institutions which deal fruits and vegetables in the country were analyzed. The fruits and vegetable commodities reach the final consumer through various channels. Among all the channels the direct market models are the best because the producer share in consumer rupee is 100 per cent and will eliminate middlemen completely. India opened up post – 1990, a number of new liberalized public markets operating direct marketing model with forward linkages for fruits and vegetables. The economic reforms also lead to the emergence a number of new private retail markets for fruits and vegetable with direct marketing models with backward linkages. The results reveal that private super markets will save farmers from transport, marketing cost and other charges and complete eliminate middlemen. Farmers who supply to private super markets have many advantages it includes technical guidance, market information on prices, perfect weights and spot payments etc. The opportunities include development of high value commodities market supply chain. The farmers are suggested for effective and efficient marketing of fruits and vegetables, the super markets have to purchase entire quantity brought by the farmer irrespective of grading, Export linkage is suggested, Government has to regulate prices, Government has to open and operate retail outlets, Government should assess the production and consumption level and announce the MSP accordingly. Even the farmers of the most of the states are adopting traditional marketing channels. The study suggests that modern direct marketing models to adopt.

scholarly journals Estimating growth contributions by structural decomposition of input-output tables

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztián Koppány
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Structural Decompositions ◽  
Backward Linkages

This paper presents a case-study to demonstrate the calculation methods of growth contributions using structural decompositions of input-output tables and their Hungarian applications. Although the required data are available with a considerable time-lag, results show that taking backward linkages through demand for inputs and value chain multipliers into account can significantly alter the picture on the growth effects of industries and final demand categories by the conventional approach based on quarterly GDP calculations. This can be instructive for analysts and policy- and decision-makers not only in Hungary, but also in other countries. The study was performed by using public macroeconomic and sectoral data obtained from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office.

Examining Forward and Backward Linkages between Public and Private Investments

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Amaresh Das ◽  
Kamal Ray
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
The Face ◽  
Forward Linkage ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Backward Linkages

Proper working of forward and backward linkages between the public and private investments in the face of balanced development of an economy is an already established fact in the literature of development economics.The present article is aimed at examining the working of these two linkage effects upon the economies of 24 countries in different economic status: whether public capital is more productive than private capital and finally to test whether public investments crowd-in or crowd-out the private investments for the period 1988–2013. The results show that, for the entire period, forward linkage has worked for Spain, Senegal and Ecuador and backward linkages worked for United States of America, United Kingdom, Thailand, South Africa, Nigeria, Cambodia, Rwanda and Paraguay. Both forward and backward linkages have happened for Ireland, China, India, Brazil and Peru. For the second objective, the numbers of instances of the income-generative capacities of both types of investments are a few in the entire as well pre-crisis phases unlike that of the post-crisis phase. And the results of the third objective show that there are the maximum instances in favour of crowding-in effects from either private to public or from public to private in all the time phases and a few instances in crowding-out effects. JEL: O18, H54, E22, E01

Foreign Direct Investment and Productivity Spillovers: A Firm-Level Analysis of Bangladesh in Comparison with Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif-Ur-Rahman ◽  
Kazuo Inaba
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Fdi Spillovers ◽  
Foreign Presence ◽  
Backward Linkages ◽  
Level Analysis

Abstract Foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected to generate external effects—usually termed FDI spillovers—for a host country, and these spillovers are thought to have consequences on the productivity of domestic firms. Despite this strong expectation, the empirical findings on FDI spillover are still indecisive. This study examines firm-level panel data to determine the effects of FDI spillover on firms’ productivity in Bangladesh in comparison to Vietnam. We consider both the horizontal and vertical (backward and forward) spillover effects of FDI. We find evidence that Bangladeshi firms gain productivity improvement through intra-industry or horizontal linkages, whereas Vietnamese firms gain through backward linkages. Our findings suggest that increases in foreign presence in the same industry for Bangladesh and in downstream industries for Vietnam are related with increase in output of domestic firms.JEL Code: F2, O1, O3

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