Correlations between growth of per capita value added and labour productivity

2014 ◽  
pp. 194-194
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Per Capita

Jobless growth through the lens of structural transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-201
Author(s):  
Vinoj Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Jobless Growth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sectoral Mobility

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the observed “jobless growth” between 1993-1994 and 2011-2012 based on structural transformation to explain why the elasticity of employment generation to gross domestic product growth has declined during this period. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the job generation and growth decomposition tool to quantify the effects of inter-sectoral mobility of workers, intra-sectoral productivity changes and demographic changes on per capita value added growth. Alternative scenarios are generated to simulate the effect of higher female labour participation rates. Findings Structural transformation in India between 1993-1994 and 2011-2012 was characterised by increasing labour productivity in most sectors, inter-sectoral mobility of workers and a decline in the employment rate. About 81 per cent of the increase in per capita value added was because of a rise in labour productivity; about 24 per cent was because of inter-sectoral shifts of labour; and about 9 per cent because of demographic changes. The decline in the employment rate had a negative effect of −14.20 per cent. The process of transformation was unconventional. First, labour productivity growth was the highest in the service sector and second, the bulk of the movement of labour was to the construction sector. Research limitations/implications This paper focusses only on the quantitative dimensions of employment and offers no new explanations why female labour force participation declined. Originality/value This paper offers a new perspective on the debate of jobless growth focussing on structural transformation.

Structural Transformation and Manufacturing Employment

2019 ◽  
pp. 380-417
Author(s):  
Nobuya Haraguchi
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Employment ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
Employment Decline ◽  
The Given

This chapter explores the interrelationships between the growth of value added, employment, and labour productivity at the sub-sector level in the manufacturing sector, with a focus on large countries. Structural change in eighteen manufacturing industries (classified into early, middle and late industries) is estimated using GDP per capita as the independent variable and one of the following three—value added per capita, employment-population ratio (EP ratio), and labour productivity—as the dependent variable. The results reveal three key challenges that must be addressed during manufacturing development in order to create manufacturing jobs, increase the wage level, and sustain the manufacturing employment or slow its pace of decline. One is to develop the wearing apparel industry (including fur and leather products and footwear), and another is to determine which industries are likely to maintain the given level of employment or slow pace of employment decline.

Atlas of economic complexity, Russian regional pages

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Lyubimov ◽  
M. V. Lysyuk ◽  
M. A. Gvozdeva
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Well-established results indicate that export diversification might be a better growth strategy for an emerging economy as long as its GDP per capita level is smaller than an empirically defined threshold. As average incomes in Russian regions are likely to be far below the threshold, it might be important to estimate their diversification potential. The paper discusses the Atlas of economic complexity for Russian regions created to visualize regional export baskets, to estimate their complexity and evaluate regional export potential. The paper’s results are consistent with previous findings: the complexity of export is substantially higher and diversification potential is larger in western and central regions of Russia. Their export potential might become larger if western and central regions, first, try to join global value added chains and second, cooperate and develop joint diversification strategies. Northern and eastern regions are by contrast much less complex and their diversification potential is small.

Transfer-based decentralisation, economic growth and spatial inequality: Evidence from China’s 2002–2003 tax sharing reform

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-826
Author(s):  
Fan Fan ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Dali Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Tax Sharing

China has adopted a transfer-based fiscal decentralisation scheme since the mid-1990s. In the 1994 tax sharing reform, the central government significantly raised its share of government revenue vis-à-vis local governments by taking most of the newly created value-added tax on manufacturing. One aim for the adoption of the transfer-based fiscal scheme was to channel more funds to less developed regions and rural areas, and to alleviate growing interregional inequality and urban–rural income disparity. In 2002 and 2003 the Chinese central government further grabbed 50% and 60%, respectively, of the income taxes previously assigned only to local governments while providing more fiscal transfers to the country’s poor regions and the countryside. Utilising the 2002–2003 change in China’s central–local tax sharing regime as an exogenous policy shock, we employ a Simulated Instrumental Variable approach to causally evaluate the effects of the policy shock on growth, interregional inequality and urban–rural disparity. We find the lower local tax share dis-incentivised local governments and led to lower growth. Although higher central transfers helped to reduce interregional inequalities in per capita GDP and per capita income, the equalising effects were only present for urban incomes. We argue that transfer-based decentralisation without bottom-up accountability was detrimental to economic growth and had limited impact on income redistribution.

scholarly journals Services Sector in Lithuania: Labour Productivity as a Factor of Growth

Ekonomika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Žemgulienė
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Empirical Regularities ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the tendencies of Lithuanian services sector’s value added and labour productivity during 1995-2006. Comparative analysis of the average annual labour productivity growth in manufacturing and service industries reveals arguments supporting the W. Baumol’s consideration that there can be sporadic productivity increases in nonprogressive sectors. During 1995-2000, labour productivity growth in services exceeded productivity growth in manufacturing. The paper offers an interpretation of the Verdoom law for empirical regularities of the relationship between the cross-sectorial labour productivity growth rate and the value added growth rate.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC GROWTH, URBANISATION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Seng-Huat Tan ◽  
Meenchee Hong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Government

Climate change is considered as the most severe and urgent environmental issue in this present era. There is a clear consensus that the climate change problem is much related to the rising level of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. The link between economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions was examined extensively in the literature. Fast-paced economic growth will advance urbanization in a country and result in higher energy consumption to meet various needs in an urban economy. This conditions will trigger more carbon emissions and generate more pollution problem. This paper aims to discuss and compare the growth pattern of economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions between five selected ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam for the period 1990-2018. All these five countries have recorded at least 4% economic growth rate in the year 2018. In the same period, Indonesia has the largest in term of total value added in manufacturing. Similarly, Vietnam has the largest growth of value-added in the same industry. Among all, Indonesia has the largest urban population whilst Malaysia has the highest rate in urbanization and carbon emissions per capita. The upward trend of urban population and carbon emissions per capita in these countries exhibit certain pressures and challenges to the countries’ environmental quality. Therefore, the government in these countries should pay attention to environmental governance to achieve sustainable urbanization while prioritizing economic growth

scholarly journals Central and Eastern European Countries before and after the 2008 Financial Crisis: Economic Overview and Transportation Companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Lembo Tanning ◽  
Toivo Tanning
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Crisis Theory ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Eastern European Countries

<p><em>One of the main aims of the European Union (EU) is the European competitiveness. To achieve this goal, it is important to study the lessons of the economic crisis. This in turn allows the development of measures.</em></p> <p><em>The aim of this article is to analyse the economic crisis lessons of the transportation and storage<strong> </strong>enterprises of Poland and other new EU Member States from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE-8), and to compare them on the EU level.</em></p> <p><em>The purpose </em><em>is to analyse the labour productivity<strong> </strong>before and after the economic crisis by<strong> </strong>gross value added per person employed and employee and turnover per person employed.</em></p> <p><em>We will look at how the economic crisis has affected the labour productivity of transportation companies and analyze the changes in the companies. </em></p> <p><em>In the background, we look at the countries’ economic (GDP) development and quality of life. </em></p> <p><em>What are the lessons learned from the economic crisis?</em></p> <p><em>The literature review shows the </em><em>crisis theory. </em></p> <p><em>We present for discussion the objective and subjective factors of the economic crisis of the companies.</em></p> <p><em>Based on this and previous publications, we will offer a number of generalized suggestions.</em></p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document