Mapping international production

The article considers the problem of international supply chains in machinery-building. The meanings of appropriate terms are specified (outsourcing, international production sharing, vertical specialization). It is clarified (following D. Hummels et al.) the definition of vertical specialization as a structure of supply chain when a country is using imported inputs to produce goods for exports. It is emphasized that countries exporting raw materials usually show high share of vertical specialization-based trade in their exports but not in imports. Developed industrial countries (excluding Japan) usually show high content of vertical specialization-based trade in both exports and imports. Statistical analysis of the intra-industry labor division in the office, accounting and computing machinery of Asia and Pacific is made. In China and Japan most inputs consumed by office, accounting and computing machinery are of domestic origin. The larger share of intermediate production of the office, accounting and computing machinery, consumed by the same branch, in China is of domestic origin, too. It means that a queue of successive components of supply chains is placed on the territory of China. At the same time, what concerns the territory of Korea assembling industries are prevailing. In USA and Japan the branch is using as inputs mostly intermediate production of domestic origin. Still, a larger fraction of the intermediate production of the computer industry itself is imported. In the four from five countries reviewed (USA, Japan, Republic of Korea, Thailand) the imported intermediate production for computer industry used by the respective industry as inputs is larger than the domestic production. This proves high degree of internationalization of this industry in Asia and Pacific.

Download Full-text

Policies seek to attract film-makers to Latin America

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db262235 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Latin America ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Tax Incentives ◽

Content Type ◽

International Production ◽

Tourism Promotion ◽

Comparative Stability

Significance For film crews trained in Latin America and seeking to create their own domestic projects, this model also affords the possibility of attempting to persuade international film companies to shoot their films abroad. Impacts Puerto Rico will leverage its dollar economy and comparative stability to attract productions set in other regional locations. Fiscal issues, such as COVID-19-related spending constraints, could limit tax incentives at least during the pandemic recovery period. The presence of international production companies and investments may benefit local film industries as well as tourism promotion.

Download Full-text