scholarly journals China’s economic reform and opening to the world: A retrospective and prospective view

CEPAL Review ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 (53) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Li Cong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
The World

Repercussions of the economic reform policies on the urban poor in Egypt

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali El-Din Abd El-Badee Al-Qosbi
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
International Market ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Consistent Problem

As a result of empirical data gathered through sociological surveys, the author argues persuasively that Egyptian economic reform policies – largely based on structural readjustment and rehabilitation programmes devised by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank – have adversely affected the most seriously impoverished sectors of Egyptian urban society. The paper examines the correlation between theoretical suppositions of predicted adverse effect on this sector and actual repercussions as evidenced in such indicators as healthcare, sanitation, employment and access to education. While poverty has been a consistent problem and while these policies – which were undertaken in the context of increasing integration into the international market – cannot be blamed for its original occurrence, there is persuasive evidence that they have caused measurable harm, compounded existing inequities and increased the marginalization of Egypt's urban poor who appear to have been among the most adversely affected in the population as a result of the various initiatives.

Railways Restructuring and Ukrainian Economic Reform

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Railway System

AbstractIf the Ukrainian economy is to be successfully restructured going forward, a restructured railway system will have to be part of the picture. This paper begins with a discussion of the crucial role that the Ukrainian railway plays in the Ukrainian economy. We follow with a survey of the world experience with railways restructuring: a large number of countries have already undertaken the task of converting sagging government-owned monopoly railways into more dynamic and competitive transport enterprises, and their experience in very diverse settings may have important lessons to offer. We then examine the current state of rail reform plans in Ukraine. We conclude with discussions of alternative paths forward that seem most likely to be successful in Ukraine, based on both the experience elsewhere and the country’s current situation.

scholarly journals Transition and modernization

Sociologija ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Branimir Kristofic
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
General Model ◽  
Development Model ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Transitional Country ◽  
Transitional Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist Countries

The fall of the communist orders introduced a problem of the development of these societies and initiated a new wave of modernization theories. At the same time, the ideological proclamation of the victory of neo-liberalism resulted in the inauguration of the neo-liberal development model as the mode of modernization that will include the post-communist countries in the process of globalization. In this context, the World Bank study of the ten-year development of the transitional countries has been analyzed. With the example of Slovenia, as the economically most successful transitional country, it is shown that the study encounters the problem of constructing a general model of the development, which could be applied to all transitional countries. Additionally, it is shown that the World Bank model, as well as classic modernization theories, cannot predict how certain country will react to economic reform. Therefore, an issue of reform support arises as a significant one. Controversy of the neo-liberal modernization model indicates a need for articulating alternative modes of development.

scholarly journals The role of competitive potential in strengthening the economic potential of the enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 5855-5861
Author(s):  
Rakhimberdiev Ismail Ubaydullaevich
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World

Today, the experience of many developed and leading countries in the world economy proves that achieving competitiveness and access to world markets, first of all, consistent economic reform, deepening structural transformation and diversification, rapid development of new high-tech enterprises and industries supply, modernization of existing facilities and acceleration of the process of modernization of equipment.  

North Korea in 2005: Maximizing Profit to Save Socialism

Asian Survey ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Jung-en Woo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
The World

The most important changes that relate to North Korea in 2005 were the great strides in the inter-Korean relationship and the economic ““reform”” since 2002, which grafts ““profit maximization”” to the heart of what is arguably the most rigid planned economy the world has ever known.

scholarly journals The Treatment of Chinese SOEs in China's WTO Protocol of Accession

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP I. LEVY
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Size

AbstractThe two central issues in China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) were its economic size and the large role the state had played in economic decisions – the treatment of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) as central to addressing the latter point. While the Protocol of Accession imposed obligations on China that went beyond what was required of other WTO members, it has not been effective at resolving concerns about Chinese SOEs. This demonstrates, in part, the limitations in using the WTO as a vehicle to promote economic reform.

scholarly journals La Hongrie : une décentralisation sans le « marché socialiste »

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
André Joyal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Present Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Socialism ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
The World ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Since there is a relatively large number of publications on the Hungarian economic reform—generally known as the New Economic Mechanism—the purpose of this paper is not so much to present the different aspects of the system as to show both the problems and results which one can identify seven years after its adoption. At the end of 1973, the State increased its control of the economy. We try to demonstrate that in so doing the national authorities did not mean to reopen the question of the "liberalization" of the economy, but above all wanted to make some reajustments in the economic policy in view of the effects of the world crisis on prices and wage policy. The difficulties Hungary has recently known have been attributed to market-socialism by orthodox socialists who are opposed to this policy. On the other hand some of the architects of the N.E.M. maintain that the present model does not fully correspond to market socialism. One must admit that indeed many elements of the economic problems (inflation, income inequalities, development of monopolistic power) that can be identified in Hungary are linked with the disadvantages of a decentralized socialist model. However, in spite of these problems the achievements of the Hungarian economy are worthy of mention. The economic authorities do not conceal their price at having exceeded the forecasts of the 1971-1976 five year Plan. Even if, as several writers maintain, the introduction of the market is not a panacea for all the flaws of socialism in general, Hungary through its past experience and present endeavours provides valuable information to all those interested in studying a synthesis of planning and the market.

scholarly journals Implementation of goods and service tax (gst) in india: prospectus and challeneges

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
Ramya R ◽  
Gnanaraj G
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

There are blended reaction, ambiguous, controversies and viewpoint amongthe Manufactures, traders and society about the Goods and Services Tax (GST) to beimplemented by Government of India from 1st April 2017 this year. Distinct neworganizations from all around the world focused on the bill unifying the country and it beingan achievement of the government. As the Goods and Services Tax Bill was passed in theRajya Sabha, it also brought India at the centre of the global economy. With the passing ofthe bill, many international newspapers published their views on how the GST Bill brings anew wave of economic reform in the country. The paper highlights the background,Prospectus and challenges in Implementation of Goods and services Tax (GST) in India.Certainly, the paper examines and draws out a conclusion.

scholarly journals FISCAL FACILITIES TO IMPROVE EXPORT PERFORMANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Erwin Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
World Market ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
West Java ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The Indonesian government, issued a number of policies to help exporters to be able to compete in the world market by exempting import duties or returning import duties on imported goods for export purposes in the form of Bonded Zone and KITE.The policy is aimed at attracting foreign investment and increasing exchange rates, as a laboratory for economic reform and technology transfer, as well as increasing labor force in unproductive areas. Providing facilities provided by the government During 2017 to 1,606 companies valued at Rp 57.28 T from that year.  In that year, the total value of exports produced was Rp. 780.8 T, or covering 47.23% of the total national manufacturing exports. The existence of KB and KITE facilities has stimulated the formation of gross fixed capital of IDR 178.17 trillion throughout 2017. From the spillover effect, companies receiving facilities in KB and KITE involve as many as 95,251 business networks, including 68,234 in KB that absorb labor 1.13 million people work and 27,017 business networks in KITE with a workforce of 292.2 thousand people. The presence of companies in KB and KITE contributed to the creation of indirect economic activity of 268,508 businesses, the majority of companies that obtain KB and KITE facilities come from the Western Region of Indonesia, where the number of recipients is concentrated in Java with the largest percentage of companies receiving facilities of 90.35 percent. While, West Java is the province with the largest percentage of KB and KITE facility recipients, which is around 43.90 percent. These results are in accordance with current conditions, where West Java Province is a province that has the most industrial estates in Indonesia, namely 25 industrial estates or equivalent to 33.8 percent of the total 74 industrial estates in Indonesia.

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