The role of the state in the development of a competitive environment under the influence of global change on the world socio-economic space structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Jiří Kraft ◽  
Alexander V. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Analisis Peran Negara Di Bidang Ekonomi Dalam Prespektif Sistem Kapitalisme, Sosialisme, Dan Ekonomi Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kambali
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Interest Rates

The economic crisis that convolved the world economy a few years ago is the result of a series of government policies in the economic field. Starting from the Subprime Mortgage in America, the crisis eventually spreads across all sectors of the economy. As analysts say that the explosion of the current economic crisis is caused by the trend of low interest rates that are applied by the Fed. The trend of low interest rates will give rise to expectation of market to future economic situation. It is characterized by the overflow of capital expansion in all sectors, especially in property sector. Today, along with the growing mobility of capital from one country to another as part of unavoidable economic liberalization, mobility of capital, on the one hand, has spawned some of the imbalances in the life of a State. The powerlessness can not be separated from economic ideology and system on state role in the economy. Capitalism with its laissez faire brings the concept of state minimal role in the economy. In the empirical facts, it is broken by the crisis situation in 1930 and today's financial crisis. Socialism tends to carry the central role of the State in the economy through the centralistic planning system. The fall of the Soviet Union in the 1980s brought the world to a choice whether reconstructing capitalism or socialism as Fukuyama and Gidden said. On the other hand, as the new system, the economic system of Islam brings the concept of the role of the State in the economy on the basis of universal values of Islam, such as justice in the economy which is reflected in the mechanism of the prohibition of riba (usury), just income distribution and redistribution of income through zakat and social security. This article is an exposure of the State's role in the economy which is studied through the perspective of today’s economic system. The systems are capitalism, socialism, and Islam. The article not only explores conceptual framework, but also also contains an empirical framework mapping and how the conceptual framework is operated. At the end, from the two mapping (conceptual and empirical), author draws a reflection of how the State should play a role in the economic field. Keywords: Capitalism, Socialism, Islam, Economic Role of State

scholarly journals Insurance Against Extreme Weather Events: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Kati Kraehnert ◽  
Daniel Osberghaus ◽  
Christian Hott ◽  
Lemlem Teklegiorgis Habtemariam ◽  
Frank Wätzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
The State ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
State Of Research

Abstract Extreme weather events increasingly threaten the economic situation of households and enterprises around the world. Insurance against extreme weather events is among the climate change adaptation instruments that are currently discussed by the policy community. This overview paper provides a synopsis of the state of research on insurance against extreme weather events, outlining advantages and limitations inherent in three main types of insurance: indemnity-based insurance, index-based insurance, and insurance-linked securities. The paper discusses issues related to insurance uptake, distributional effects, misleading incentives and potentially negative side effects, as well as the role of the state.

Analisis Peran Negara Di Bidang Ekonomi Dalam Prespektif Sistem Kapitalisme, Sosialisme, Dan Ekonomi Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-35
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kambali
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Interest Rates

The economic crisis that convolved the world economy a few years ago is the result of a series of government policies in the economic field. Starting from the Subprime Mortgage in America, the crisis eventually spreads across all sectors of the economy. As analysts say that the explosion of the current economic crisis is caused by the trend of low interest rates that are applied by the Fed. The trend of low interest rates will give rise to expectation of market to future economic situation. It is characterized by the overflow of capital expansion in all sectors, especially in property sector. Today, along with the growing mobility of capital from one country to another as part of unavoidable economic liberalization, mobility of capital, on the one hand, has spawned some of the imbalances in the life of a State. The powerlessness can not be separated from economic ideology and system on state role in the economy. Capitalism with its laissez faire brings the concept of state minimal role in the economy. In the empirical facts, it is broken by the crisis situation in 1930 and today's financial crisis. Socialism tends to carry the central role of the State in the economy through the centralistic planning system. The fall of the Soviet Union in the 1980s brought the world to a choice whether reconstructing capitalism or socialism as Fukuyama and Gidden said. On the other hand, as the new system, the economic system of Islam brings the concept of the role of the State in the economy on the basis of universal values ​​of Islam, such as justice in the economy which is reflected in the mechanism of the prohibition of riba (usury), just income distribution and redistribution of income through zakat and social security. This article is an exposure of the State's role in the economy which is studied through the perspective of today’s economic system. The systems are capitalism, socialism, and Islam. The article not only explores conceptual framework, but also also contains an empirical framework mapping and how the conceptual framework is operated. At the end, from the two mapping (conceptual and empirical), author draws a reflection of how the State should play a role in the economic field.

The Role of the State Agenda and Politicians Around the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 17040
Author(s):  
Sergio Giovanetti Lazzarini ◽  
Joao Albino Pimentel ◽  
Jake B. Grandy ◽  
Stanislav Markus ◽  
Aldo Musacchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World

scholarly journals A VISION OF THE POST-PANDEMIC ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 333-349
Author(s):  
Mircea COȘEA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World

Coronavirus has generated changes and mutations not only in the conduct of our daily lives, but also in the organization and functioning of the economic mechanism at national and global level.The rapid changes and shifts that are taking place in the economy are for the moment the result of the political mainstream, especially the governmental one, and of the system of internationalfinancial institutions. What is visible and certain is the elimination of some limits in giving up ideological principles and established rules of the functioning of the economic mechanism. Thus, the neoclassical ideology, the foundation of the whole scaffolding of the global economic policies, easily compromises by admitting that in the current conditions state interventionism has a more  important role than free market laws in counteracting the effects of the pandemic on the economy. This process easily went beyond the regulations of the liberalization of trade in goods, returning to protectionism with nationalist accents as well as to bans on food and medicine exports. The principle of European solidarity is being threatened by unilateral decisions taken by Member States, or by the abandonment of European agreements in order to replace them by national decisions. Globalization was based on the imperative to produce, sell and buy, move, circulate, move on. Its ideology of progress is based on the idea that the economy must definitely replace politics. The essence of the system was the abolishment of limits: more trade, more and more goods, more and more profits to allow money to circulate and turn into capital. This whole concept of development has ceased to be the guiding principle of economic growth and development, thecurrent trend being the return to national borders, if not in a strictly territorial sense, at least in an economic sense. That is why one of the important changes of recent months is the emergence of policies designedto change the meaning of supply chains. Rethinking supply chains is a consequence of border closures or of the sudden closure of transport. It is a critical point of pressure that weighs mainly on car manufacturers and capitalgoods. As a result, there will be a trend of relocating production to European or Maghreb countries where wages remain lower than the European average. Another quick and important change is the one related to the role of the state in the economy, neoliberalism successfully promoting throughout the global economy the idea of the need for the limited role of state decision and state interventionism in the economy. The current change consists precisely in reversing the role of the state from passivity to activity, considered as the only one capable of ensuring an efficient system for managing the pandemic and restarting the economy. For many analysts, the coronavirus crisis could lead to a profound change in the global economic model and in the individual economic behavior.This is an extremely important issue also from the perspective of Romania's future. We are at a turning point and will have to make quick and complex decisions, because Romania risks entering a post-crisis period in an economic stagnation difficult to overcome, due to the lack ofproductivity, innovation and modern management. The gaps between Romania and the vast majority of European countries will be maintained, condemning us to occupy a marginal and lower place in the hierarchy of the European economy, characterized by a high and dangerous degree of dependence on the evolution and dynamics of markets in the strong states of the European Union. The explanation of this situation lies in the type and functioning of the structure of the Romanian economy. The current structure of the Romanian economy lies on the last concentric circle of European integration, if its center is considered the western core of theEU. There is no doubt about this inevitability. The crisis caused by the pandemic already exists and despite the optimism of some international financial institutions it will profoundly affect the state of the world economy and the life of the citizens. There will be not only major changes in the paradigm of the neoliberal model of the global economy but also changes in the balance of power between the world's major economic and political actors. The trade war between the USA and China is also beginning to have important political aspects, as the fight for world leadership between these two superpowers is generating tensions over the entire world. These tensions will surely have many "collateral victims" through the direct and indirect damage that many national economies, even the European Union, will suffer, as a result of the economicand political consequences of the US and China entering a state that some Western analysts define as " a cold war but with a tendency to warm up". These elements will aggravate the pressure that the pandemic crisis will put on the state of the world economy, determining the extent and depth of the effects of the crisis not only on the economic field but also on the balance and stability of international relations.Keywords: coronavirus crisis; value chains; multilateralism-unilateralism; protectionism, neoliberal global economic model. 

scholarly journals Distributive principles of economic justice: an Islamic perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Zakiyuddin Baedhawy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Induction Method ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World

Poverty and impoverishment in the world currently continue to increase as aresult of distributive justice systems and its principles that became the basis ofcontemporary economics did not succeed in allocating and distributing resourcesjustly. Based on this problem, this study aimed at describing the Islamic responseto the problem of distributive injustice, and how necessarily the state played arole in upholding distributive justice. Through the thematic-induction method andthe synthetic analysis, the study finds out several findings as follows. Firstly,Islam formulated three principles of distributive justice as follows: 1) the Distributionof natural and the environmental resources was in the framework of participation;2) the Redistribution of the wealth and the income were joint responsibilityof ascertaining social security, the increase in the capacity and the authorityfor them who were disadvantage; and 3) the Role of the state was certaintythat was complementary for the ethical market in order to guarantees the senseof justice and the achievement of public welfare. Secondly, according to Islam,the process of the redistribution of the wealth and the income aimed at givingsocial security on the fulfillment of basic needs for the poor; strove for the increasein the capacity through education and skills; and increased the poor’sbargaining position through their participation in decision making that was linkedwith their interests and the control on its implementation. Thirdly, the intention of establishing justice was to gain both individual and public welfare and the happiness(al-fala>h}).Kemiskinan dan pemiskinan di dunia kontemporer terus meningkat sebagai akibatsistem keadilan distributif dan prinsip-prinsipnya yang menjadi basis ekonomisaat ini tidak berhasil dalam mengalokasikan dan memeratakan sumber dayasecara adil. Berdasarkan masalah ini, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskanrespon Islam atas problem ketidakadilan distributif, dan bagaimana seharusnyanegara ambil peranan dalam menegakkan keadilan distributif. Melalui metodeinduksi-tematik dan analisis sintetik, kajian ini menemukan beberapa hal pentingantara lain. Pertama, Islam telah merumuskan tiga prinsip keadilan distributifsebagai berikut: 1) pemerataan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan dalamkerangka partisipasi; 2) redistribusi kekayaan dan pendapatan dalam rangkamemastikan keamanan sosial, dan meningkatkan kapasitas dan otoritas bagimereka yang kurang/tidak beruntung; dan 3) peran negara merupakan pelengkapbagi pasar yang etis dengan maksud untuk menjamin rasa keadilan dantercapainya kesejahteraan publik. Kedua, menurut Islam, proses redistribusikekayaan dan pendapatan bertujuan untuk memberikan jaminan sosial bagipemenuhan kebutuhan orang miskin; untuk meningkatkan kapasitas merekamelalui pendidikan dan pelatihan; dan meningkatkan posisi tawar kaum miskinmelalui partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan yang berkaitan langsung dengankepentingan mereka, serta kendali atas pelaksanaan keputusan tersebut. Ketiga,maksud penegakkan keadilan ialah untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan sekaliguskebahagiaan individu dan publik.

scholarly journals Exhibition and Trade Fair Activities in the System of Support for National Exporters

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Iryna Chychkalo-Kondratska ◽  
Vladyslav Zhytnyk ◽  
Aapis Bairamov
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
International Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
International Exhibitions ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Indicators ◽  
Comparative Description

The article substantiates the role of the state in supporting participants of national and foreign exhibitions and fairs and processes of development of exhibition infrastructure. The international exhibitions and fairs are not only an important communication tool, but also a mechanism for promoting new technologies and products in national and international markets. A comparative description is made and the differences between fairs and exhibitions are determined. The structure of the distribution of exhibition areas in the world is analyzed and it is found that Europe has the largest number of exhibition complexes, the share of which is 46% of the global indicators. The dynamics of the main characteristics of exhibition activity in Ukraine from 2015 to 2019 is considered, which indicates the development of this area, but in 2018–2019 there was a certain decline in some indicators, including attendance at these events. The state of exhibition and fair activity in 2019 is analyzed in detail. The article identifies the prospects of exhibition and fair activities in Ukraine. Especially urgent is the solution of training, retraining and advanced training of employees of exhibition and fair activities, as well as the active participation of government agencies in the formation and development of international and national exhibitions and fairs.

Conclusion—Cracking the China Conundrum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukon Huang
Keyword(s):  
Initial Step ◽  
The State ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Political Liberalization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Analytical Frameworks

This chapter brings together the factors that have shaped perceptions about China’s economic rise. It begins by discussing the diverging views of China’s economic prospects. This has implications for the debate about the role of the state and prospects for political liberalization framed against President Xi’s corruption campaign and more aggressive foreign policies. Observers see China through their own self-prescribed lens. Factors shaping such perceptions fall under three themes. The first relates to geopolitical tensions and mistrust; the second to location and choice of comparators, complicated by China’s size, speed of change and complexity; and the third is China’s differing institutions and relevance of traditional analytical frameworks. In addition, lack of transparency complicates judgments. Understanding the nature of these differences is the initial step in forging more constructive relations between China as an abnormal great power and the rest of the world.

scholarly journals SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND PROSPECTS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA (THE ECOLOGY OF MENTALITY AS AN INDICATOR OF STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Юрий Иванович Шорохов
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
The Ideal

Цель статьи - экспресс-оценка состояния и тенденций социально-экономического развития России по показателям экологии менталитета руководителей типового российского предприятия и роли государства в его развитии. Научная новизна: установлена зависимость конкурентоспособности государства как открытой системы и входящих в его состав организаций от степени согласованности экологии менталитета на уровне предприятия и государства в целом и соответствия менталитета конкурентной среде. В статье определен не только портрет идеального, эталонного в сложившейся конкурентной среде состояния организации, но и способы оценки воплощённого в реальность менталитета, а также пути её перевода в эталонное состояние с учётом роли государства и самой организации. Приведены результаты экспресс-оценки состояния экологии менталитета и конкурентоспособности типового российского производственного предприятия и государства в целом. The article presents the results of the next stage of research, the purpose of which is to develop a new approach to assessing the effectiveness and justifying the directions of development of organizations according to the set of indicators characterizing the state of ecology of the mentality of their managers and staff. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a portrait of the ideal reference in the established competitive environment of the state of the organization; ways of assessing the mentality embodied in reality; ways of its conversion into a reference state taking into account the role of the State and the organization itself. The author presents the results of the rapid assessment of the state of ecology of mentality and competitiveness of a model Russian production enterprise and the role of the state in its development.

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