scholarly journals Mechanisms for illicit trade control in view of public health: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Ramic-Catak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Trade Control

scholarly journals An ongoing measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2014 to 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hukic ◽  
J Ravlija ◽  
S Karakas ◽  
M Mulaomerovic ◽  
A Dedeic Ljubovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Measles Outbreak

Between January 2014 and the beginning of February 2015, the Federal Institute of Public Health in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has reported 3,804 measles cases. Notable transmission has been observed in three Central Bosnia Canton municipalities: Bugojno, Fojnica and Travnik. Most cases were unvaccinated 2,680 (70%) or of unknown vaccination status 755 (20%). Health authorities have been checking vaccination records and performing necessary prevention measures. The epidemic is still ongoing.

scholarly journals Applicability of the Fels questionnaire on physical activity of children in rural areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedran Đido ◽  
Aida Pilav ◽  
Marijan Marjanović ◽  
Jenny Phillips ◽  
Deana Švaljug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
General Instrument

Introduction: Insufficient physical activity is one of the leading public health problems in the world, but also in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Modern civilization is characterized by a significant decrease in physical activity, and the number of people whose lifestyle can be called sedentary has never been higher, which is especially emphasised among children and adolescents. Aim of the study is to examine public health significance of physical activity on the occurrence and the degree of obesity in children and adolescents in primary and secondary schools and to determine the applicability of the Fels questionnaire on physical activity of children in rural areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: We used a transversal research method of a cross-sectional study at a one-time point, and for obtaining results we used the Fels physical activity questionnaire for children and measurement protocol. Results: 276 primary and secondary school students in two cities participated in this survey. Respondents in Busovača are more physically active than their peers in Sarajevo. One-third of the total number of respondents is overweight and obese, and respondents in Sarajevo are significantly more nourished than their peers in Busovača. The Fels questionnaire is conditionally applicable, especially in rural areas. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the Fels questionnaire for assessing the level of physical activity for children and young people, which is the general instrument for research of physical activity in children, is too generalized because it is based on a homogeneous urban population.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage rate and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus among the food handlers in Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Šegalo ◽  
Daniel Maestro ◽  
Zarema Obradović ◽  
Anes Jogunčić
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Carriage Rate

Introduction: The nasals and hand carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in food handlers (FHs) represent a significant source of Staphylococcal food contamination and food poisoning. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a microorganism’s ability to resist the action of one or more antimicrobial agents. S. aureus has demonstrated the ability to rapidly respond to each new antimicrobial with the development of a resistance mechanism. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of nasal carriage rate and AMR pattern of isolated strains S. aureus among FHs in Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The retrospective study included laboratory results of 11.139 tested subjects between January 2014 and December 2018. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo. Samples of nasal swabs were collected from FHs, employees in companies located in Canton Sarajevo, during sanitary surveillance prescribed by applicable legal standards. S. aureus isolates were identified according to conventional microbiological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the agar disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 2013 standard. Results: Among the 11.138 subjects, 792 (7.1%) were carriers of S. aureus. Isolated strains were tested on eight different antibiotics, and the resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin was 788 (99.5%), 776 (97.9%), and 752 (94.9%), retrospectively. In total, 86.36% of isolated strains were multidrug-resistant. Conclusions: The low percentage of S. aureus carriers indicates that preventive measures of carrier control are being actively implemented within the legally prescribed measures. The emergence of numerous isolated strains with multidrug-resistance characteristics is a significant public health problem and consequently limits the range of antibiotics available for therapeutic purposes. The results of this research indicate that AMR has increased in Sarajevo Canton and it is following the trend of global growth.

Can’t see the woods for the trees: exploring the range and connection of tobacco industry argumentation in the 2012 UK standardised packaging consultation

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessamina Lih Yan Lie ◽  
Gary Fooks ◽  
Nanne K de Vries ◽  
Suzanne M Heijndijk ◽  
Marc C Willemsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
The Public ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Public Consultations

IntroductionTransnational tobacco company (TTC) submissions to the 2012 UK standardised packaging consultation are studied to examine TTC argumentation in the context of Better Regulation practices.MethodsA content analysis was conducted of Philip Morris International and British American Tobacco submissions to the 2012 UK consultation. Industry arguments concerning expected costs and (contested) benefits of the policy were categorised into themes and frames. The inter-relationship between frames through linked arguments was mapped to analyse central arguments using an argumentation network.Results173 arguments were identified. Arguments fell into one of five frames: ineffectiveness, negative economic consequences, harm to public health, increased crime or legal ramifications. Arguments highlighted high costs to a wide range of groups, including government, general public and other businesses. Arguments also questioned the public health benefits of standardised packaging and highlighted the potential benefits to undeserving groups. An increase in illicit trade was the most central argument and linked to the greatest variety of arguments.ConclusionsIn policy-making systems characterised by mandatory impact assessments and public consultations, the wide range of cost (and contested benefits) based arguments highlights the risk of TTCs overloading policy actors and causing delays in policy adoption. Illicit trade related arguments are central to providing a rationale for these arguments, which include the claim that standardised packaging will increase health risks. The strategic importance of illicit trade arguments to industry argumentation in public consultations underlines the risks of relying on industry data relating to the scale of the illicit trade.

scholarly journals Water Pipe as Growing Public Health Challenge Among School Children in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Aida Catak ◽  
Aida Kurtovic ◽  
Larisa Gavran ◽  
Nino Hasanica ◽  
Adnan Mujezinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
School Children ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
Public Health Challenge

scholarly journals Bogusławą Keckova: An Official Female Doctor in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1893–1911

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Husref Tahirović ◽  
Brigitte Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Female Physician ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Female Doctor ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Health Officer ◽  
Medical Articles ◽  
Gender Specific

<p>The purpose of this paper is to bring to light the biographical details, the professional work and the publishing activities of Bogusławą Keckovą (Bohuslava Keckova in Czech and Keck in German), who functioned as an Austro-Hungarian health officer in Mostar from 1893 to 1911 during the period of the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH). Keckovą, who came from Prague, was the second of nine female physicians to be employed by the Austro-Hungarian authorities between 1892 and 1918. Keckovą contributed significantly to the improvement of public health and hygiene in BH, especially by organising the medical treatment of Muslim women. She published a series of popular medical articles, both in Czech and in Bosnian. Her medical articles in the Mostar newspaper, ‘Osvit’, were among the first in BH to promote public health education and aimed at improving the health of the population. In the Czech Republic, ‘Bohuslava Kecková’ is renowned for being the first Czech female physician to graduate, who, due to Austria’s conservativism and anti-feminism, had been forced to study and practise abroad. After Keckovą’s efforts to have her Swiss MD degree (1880) recognised in Austria failed in 1882, she acquired an Austrian midwife’s diploma and established a maternity home in Prague. In 1892, she accepted the invitation to serve as an Austro-Hungarian female health officer in Mostar, where she initialised and popularised the utilisation of public health among (Muslim) women. Conclusion. Bogusławą Keckovą’s work as a physician, medical writer and health educator, which she continued tirelessly until her death in 1911, was based on gender-specific socialmedical concepts, which were at the core of the contemporary Czech feminist movement.</p>

Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 354-362
Author(s):  
Gian Luca Burci
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health It ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Normative Development ◽  
Control Community ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Regulatory Measures

This chapter provides an overview of the conception, negotiation, and normative development of the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) based on the professional experience of the author, a former Legal Counsel of WHO. The FCTC must be appreciated against the background of the normative role of WHO and its reluctance to use international lawmaking as a tool for global health governance. The FCTC is a groundbreaking instrument for the protection and promotion of public health; it was conceived as a framework convention in order to accommodate diverse regulatory measures at national and international levels and to create a normative space to facilitate progressive agreement on evidence-based interventions. The negotiation of the convention as well as of its Protocol on Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products was influenced by the relative lack of treaty-making experience on the part of public health officials in national delegations and by the uncompromising hostility of the tobacco control community against the tobacco industry. The resulting tension with strong commercial interests linked to tobacco trade led to a number of difficult and sometimes awkward compromises. At the same time, it led to the establishment of a strong institutional framework that has been instrumental in developing the FCTC through the adoption of far-reaching guidelines and the monitoring of compliance. Notwithstanding its success, there has been no serious discussion in WHO on the negotiation of new conventions, and the FCTC may remain an isolated achievement enabled by a unique set of circumstances.

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