scholarly journals Fiscal policy impact on tobacco consumption, in high smoking prevalence transition economies / the case of Albania

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Gjika ◽  
Klodjan Rama ◽  
Edvin Zhllima ◽  
Drini Imami
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence

scholarly journals Motivations for Smoking Cessation and the Impact of Regulatory Tax Increases Amongst Fathers within the Pacific Islands Families Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Shadan Tautolo ◽  
Leon Iusitini ◽  
Steve Taylor ◽  
Janis Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To examine the prevalence of smoking, motivations for cessation, and impact of tobacco excise tax increases amongst a cohort of Pacific fathers at 11 years after the birth of their child.Methods: Within the context of broader interviews, 723 Pacific fathers participating in the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study were surveyed about their smoking at the 11-year measurement point. Prevalence of smoking was calculated, alongside motivations to quit, and the impact of increases to the excise tax on tobacco.Results: Smoking prevalence amongst Pacific fathers remains high (38%) at 11 years postpartum, although 81% of smokers disclosed interest in quitting smoking. The strongest motivation to quit smoking was their ‘own health’ (n = 185, 82%), followed by ‘the cost’ (n = 148, 66%), and the impact on ‘their child's health’ (n = 113, 50%). Among smokers, 12% (n = 31) had never attempted to quit, whereas 63% (n = 159) had made multiple attempts. Approximately 70% (n = 191) of smokers indicated the New Zealand Government-initiated tobacco excise tax increases caused them to reduce their tobacco consumption.Conclusions: High smoking prevalence amongst this cohort raises serious concerns about the risks Pacific families and communities face from smoking. Maintaining a sustained series of tobacco excise tax increases, alongside the utilisation of information on key motivators for Pacific fathers to quit smoking, may prove more effective in supporting Pacific communities to achieve the New Zealand Government's Smokefree 2025 goal.

scholarly journals PITFALLS OF TAXATION POLICY IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES

2001 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
R. P. Vranceanu ◽  
D. Daianu
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Taxation Policy ◽  
Cooperative Equilibrium ◽  
Global Performance

This paper develops two stylised models of the transition economy that challenge, to some extent, the conventional approach to policy reforms. In the first model, the absence of market-oriented institutions is responsible for the occurrence of a non-cooperative equilibrium, where the amount of public services provided by the state is too low, which, in turn, adversely affects the global performance of the economy. In the second model, a benevolent government will choose a taxation level that pushes too many firms out of the market; hence global supply falls below its optimal level. In both models, disruptions specific to transitional systems lead to abnormal responses to standard fiscal policy.

Impact of a negative emotional antitobacco mass media campaign on French smokers: a longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Guignard ◽  
Karine Gallopel-Morvan ◽  
Ute Mons ◽  
Karin Hummel ◽  
Viêt Nguyen-Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence ◽  
T1 And T2

BackgroundMass media campaigns to encourage smoking cessation have been shown to be effective in a context of comprehensive tobacco control programme. The effectiveness of antismoking ads that evoke negative emotions remains unclear, in particular in countries with high smoking prevalence and among smokers with low perceived susceptibility, low self-efficacy or who are not users of smoking cessation services.ObjectiveTo evaluate short-term and long-term effects of a 1-month French national highly emotional media campaign, with a focus on these specific targets.DesignA 6-month longitudinal survey by Internet. A sample of 3000 smokers were interviewed before the media campaign (T0). They were contacted again just after (T1) and 6 months after the campaign (T2).OutcomesPerceived susceptibility to the risks of smoking, self-efficacy to quit smoking, use of smoking cessation services (quitline and website) and 7-day quitting.MethodsThe analysis was carried out on 2241 individuals who answered at T1 and T2. Multiple logistic regressions were computed to test the association between the change in each outcome at T1 and T2 and the level of exposure based on self-reported recall.ResultsSelf-reported recall was associated with an increase in perceived susceptibility and with use of cessation services. Campaign recall was also associated with higher 7-day quitting immediately after the campaign (OR=1.8 (1.0 to 3.2), P<0.05).ConclusionsFear-appeal mass media campaigns can be effective in encouraging cessation among smokers in a country with high smoking prevalence (France), but should be accompanied by convincing self-efficacy messages.

scholarly journals Smoking Prevalence Increases following Canterbury Earthquakes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Erskine ◽  
Vivien Daley ◽  
Sue Stevenson ◽  
Bronwen Rhodes ◽  
Lutz Beckert
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The Impact

Background. A magnitude 7.1 earthquake hit Canterbury in September 2010. This earthquake and associated aftershocks took the lives of 185 people and drastically changed residents’ living, working, and social conditions.Aim. To explore the impact of the earthquakes on smoking status and levels of tobacco consumption in the residents of Christchurch.Methods. Semistructured interviews were carried out in two city malls and the central bus exchange 15 months after the first earthquake. A total of 1001 people were interviewed.Results. In August 2010, prior to any earthquake, 409 (41%) participants had never smoked, 273 (27%) were currently smoking, and 316 (32%) were ex-smokers. Since the September 2010 earthquake, 76 (24%) of the 316 ex-smokers had smoked at least one cigarette and 29 (38.2%) had smoked more than 100 cigarettes. Of the 273 participants who were current smokers in August 2010, 93 (34.1%) had increased consumption following the earthquake, 94 (34.4%) had not changed, and 86 (31.5%) had decreased their consumption. 53 (57%) of the 93 people whose consumption increased reported that the earthquake and subsequent lifestyle changes as a reason to increase smoking.Conclusion. 24% of ex-smokers resumed smoking following the earthquake, resulting in increased smoking prevalence. Tobacco consumption levels increased in around one-third of current smokers.

Attitudinal and behavioural responses to increasing tobacco control regulation among high smoking prevalence groups: A qualitative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Parnell ◽  
Emily Box ◽  
Nicole Biagioni ◽  
Billie Bonevski ◽  
Juli Coffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence

Food-beverage-tobacco consumption, smoking prevalence, and high-technology exports influenced healthcare sustainability agenda across the globe

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (33) ◽  
pp. 33249-33263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mohammed Aldakhil ◽  
Abdelmohsen A. Nassani ◽  
Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro ◽  
Khalid Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Tobacco Consumption

Smoking in Italy, 1990-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo La Vecchia ◽  
Romano Pagano ◽  
Adriano Decerli ◽  
Monica Ferraroni
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Smoking prevalence and patterns in Italy were analyzed using data from the 1990-1991 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 27, 135 males and 28,854 females aged 15 years or over, randomly selected within strata of geographic area and size of the place of residence and of the household, in order to be representative of the general Italian population. Overall, 26.9% of the Italians aged 15 years or over described themselves as current smokers (37.2% males, 17.4% females), and 14.0% as ex-smokers (22.2% males, 6.4% females). The difference in smoking prevalence between males and females was 65% below age 45, but increased substantially with increasing age up to 5-fold above age 65. Moderate smokers (< 15 cigarettes per day) were 12.6% of males and 10.4% of females, intermediate smokers (15 to 24 cigarettes per day) 17.7% of males and 5.5% of females, and heavy smokers (> 25 cigarettes per day) 6.3% of males and 1.5% of females. Pipe or cigar smokers were 0.6% of males. The averange number of cigarettes per smoker per day was 16.6 (17.9 for males, 14.0 for females). The overall smoking prevalence of 26.9% was the lowest registered since 1949, thus confirming the long-term steady decline of smoking, particularly among males. Smoking prevalence, however, has remained constant over the last 15 years among females, after substantial rises in previous calendar years. These falls in overall self-reported smoking prevalence were reflected in declines of legal sale figures (-15% between 1986 and 1991), although it is difficult to quantify the impact of smuggling on total tobacco consumption. Thus, at least part of the falls in self-reported tobacco consumption is attributable to increased underreporting. In males, but not in females, smoking was less frequent in northern (and wealthier) areas of the country, and in more educated individuals. The opposite pattern was observed in females, indicating that even more educated Italian women have not yet recognized the accumulated evidence on the health consequences of smoking. These patterns in smoking are reflected by recent trends in lung cancer, which show some decline in males but persistent upward trends in females, although still on much lower absolute values.

scholarly journals Evaluating smoking control policies in the e-cigarette era: a modelling study

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-054951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Tra Doan ◽  
Ken Wei Tan ◽  
Borame Sue Lee Dickens ◽  
Yin Ai Lean ◽  
Qianyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundIn jurisdictions in which electronic cigarettes are currently prohibited, policy makers must weigh the potentially lower risk compared with conventional cigarettes against the risk of initiation of e-cigarettes among non-smokers.MethodsWe simulated a synthetic population over a 50-year time horizon with an open cohort model using data from Singapore, a country where e-cigarettes are currently prohibited, and data from the USA, the UK and Japan. Using the smoking prevalence and the quality-adjusted life year gained calculated, we compared tobacco control policies without e-cigarettes—namely, raising the minimum legal age (MLA), introducing a smoke-free generation (SFG) and tax rises on tobacco consumption—with policies legalising e-cigarettes, either taking a laissez-faire approach or under some form of restriction. We also evaluated combinations of these policies.ResultsRegardless of the country informing the transition probabilities to and from e-cigarette use in Singapore, a laissez-faire e-cigarette policy could reduce the smoking prevalence in the short term, but it is not as effective as other policies in the long term. The most effective single policies evaluated were SFG and aggressive tax rises; the most effective combination of policies considered was MLA plus moderate tax rises and e-cigarettes on prescription.ConclusionPolicy makers in jurisdictions in which e-cigarettes are not yet established may be advised not to prioritise e-cigarettes in their tobacco end-game strategy, unless their use can be restricted to current smokers seeking to quit.

Hospital Discharges for Crohn’s Disease in States with High Smoking Prevalence

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 650-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Roberts ◽  
Shesh N. Rai ◽  
Katherine V. Shannon ◽  
Susan Galandiuk
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence

scholarly journals Are Smoking Habits Changing among Spanish Health Professionals? Results from the SUN Cohort 1999–2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. TUI.S3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruiz-Canela ◽  
M.A. Martínez-González ◽  
C. López-del Burgo ◽  
J. De Irala ◽  
J.J. Beunza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Smoking by health professionals is a very negative habit not only for their own health, but also because it diminishes their capacity to influence their smoker patients to quit their habits. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the trend of the smoking prevalence, as well as the impact of the 2005 Spanish Smoking Act, among healthcare professionals. Methods Participants were asked about their smoking consumption in the baseline and the follow-up questionnaires in a Spanish dynamic prospective cohort of university graduates (the SUN Project) from 1999 to 2008. Non-conditional logistic regression models were fit to assess the relationship between type of profession and prevalence of smoking. Results The proportion of current smokers at the entrance into the cohort was 16.4% for physicians, 20.8% for pharmacists, 23.4% for nurses and 24% for other university graduates. The risk of being current smoker (adjusted OR [95% CI]) was lower in physicians (0.68 [0.61–0.76]) but not in pharmacists (0.94 [0.84–1.06]) or nurses (0.94 [0.84–1.05]) compared to other university graduates. All professional groups presented a statistically significant decline of smoking prevalence from 1999 to 2008. This decline might be at least partly due to the impact of the Spanish legislation on their smoking habits. Conclusion This study shows a decline in smoking prevalence among Spanish physicians. This decline has reached lower levels than what is current among other professionals and the general population. However, there is still a high number of smokers among health professionals, thus more efforts are needed to achieve lower levels of tobacco consumption.

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