scholarly journals Generation of Liquid Products from Natural Gas over Zeolite Catalysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Vosmerikov ◽  
L.N. Vosmerikova ◽  
G.V. Echevsky ◽  
L.L. Korobitsyna ◽  
Ye.G. Kodenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Pure Methane ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Main Component

<p>The main component of the natural gas is methane, whose molecules are characterized by a high chemical and thermal stability. It is impossible to perform the chemical transformation of natural gas into liquid organic compounds without applying highly active polyfunctional catalysts. Natural gas might be converted into liquid products in the presence of zeolite catalysts of pentasil family. Zeolite catalysts of ZSM-5 type were prepared to realize the process. They contained various amounts of Zn and Ga promoters introduced by ion exchange and impregnation. It has been shown that in the presence of small amounts of C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>5</sub> alkanes in the feedstock the methane is converted into aromatic hydrocarbons much more readily and in softer conditions than pure methane. At optimum process conditions reached is a high conversion of the natural gas into a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons. This mixture mainly consists of benzene and naphthalene and small amounts of their derivatives – toluene, C<sub>8</sub> and C<sub>9+</sub> alkylbenzenes, methyl- and dimethylnaphthalenes. An optimum composition of zeolite matrix and the amount of the modifier in the catalyst have been established.</p>

Conversion of natural gas into liquid products on bimetallic zeolite catalysts

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Vosmerikova ◽  
A. V. Vosmerikov ◽  
G. V. Echevsky
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Liquid Products

scholarly journals ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РЕЖИМА УСТАНОВКИ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО ПИРОЛИЗА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ НА КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ СОСТАВ ТЯЖЁЛОЙ СМОЛЫ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1(41)) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Садыгов Ф. М. ◽  
Магеррамова З. Ю. ◽  
Гаджиев Г. Н. ◽  
Гасан-заде Г. Г. ◽  
Мамедова И. Г. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Heavy Pyrolysis Resin

The dependence of the yield and composition of the heavy pyrolysis resin on the initial hydrocarbon feedstock and the process conditions is investigated. The variation of technological parameters within certain limits leads to a change in the content of low molecular weight olefins in the gaseous pyrolysis products, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of by-product liquid products. As a result of the research, the optimum process conditions for the pyrolysis of straight-run gasoline were determined, which, with the maximum conversion of hydrocarbons to low-molecular-weight olefins, significantly increases the yield of heavy resin containing a wide fraction of naphthalene, biphenyl, indene and their alkyl derivatives. It is shown that when treating by-products containing valuable hydrocarbons as target products and combining the technological mode of pyrolysis and their composition, it is possible to achieve along with the maximum yield of low molecular weight olefins, a significant yield of heavy pyrolysis resin and qualitative changes in its composition.

Study of the Kinetics of Thermal Destruction of Crossed Polyethylene

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
K. Chalov ◽  
Yu. Lugovoy ◽  
Yu. Kosivtsov ◽  
E. Sulman
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Kinetics Of

This paper presents a study of the process of thermal degradation of crosslinked polyethylene. The kinetics of polymer decomposition was studied by thermogravimetry. Crosslinked polyethylene showed high heat resistance to temperatures of 400 °C. The temperature range of 430–500 °C was determined for the loss of the bulk of the sample. According to thermogravimetric data, the decomposition process proceeds in a single stage and includes a large number of fracture, cyclization, dehydrogenation, and other reactions. The process of pyrolysis of a crosslinked polymer in a stationary-bed metal reactor was investigated. The influence of the process temperature on the yield of solid, liquid, and gaseous pyrolysis products was investigated. The optimum process temperature was 500 °C. At this temperature, the yield of liquid and gaseous products was 85.0 and 12.5% (mass.), Respectively. Samples of crosslinked polyester decomposed almost completely. The amount of carbon–containing residue was 3.5% by weight of the feedstock. With increasing temperature, the yield of liquid products decreased slightly and the yield of gaseous products increased, but their total yield did not increase. For gaseous products, a qualitative and quantitative composition was determined. The main components of the pyrolysis gas were hydrocarbons C1–C4. The calorific value of pyrolysis gas obtained at a temperature of 500 °C was 17 MJ/m3. Thus, the pyrolysis process can be used to process crosslinked polyethylene wastes to produce liquid hydrocarbons and combustible gases.

Performance of Ag-HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts in n-heptane Conversion

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Iuliean Vasile Asaftei ◽  
Neculai Catalin Lungu ◽  
Lucian Mihail Birsa ◽  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽  
Laura Gabriela Sarbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Pulse Method ◽  
Acid Strength ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Acid Strength Distribution ◽  
Silver Cations ◽  
Heptane Conversion

The conversion of n-heptanes into aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX), by the chromatographic pulse method in the temperature range of 673 - 823K was performed over the HZSM-5 and Ag-HZSM-5 zeolites modified by ion exchange with AgNO3 aqueous solutions. The catalysts, HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 33.9), and Ag-HZSM-5 (Ag1-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag1.02, Ag2-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 1.62; and Ag3-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 2.05 having different acid strength distribution exhibit a conversion and a yield of aromatics depending on temperature and metal content. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons BTX appreciably increased by incorporating silver cations Ag+ into HZSM-5.

Analyzing the Effect of Fiber, Yarn and Fabric Variables on Bagging Behavior of Single Jersey Weft Knitted Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Karimian ◽  
Hossein Hasani ◽  
Saeed Ajeli
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Single Jersey

This research investigates the effect of fiber, yarn and fabric variables on the bagging behavior of single jersey weft knitted fabrics interpreted in terms of bagging fatigue percentage. In order to estimate the optimum process conditions and to examine the individual effects of each controllable factor on a particular response, Taguchi's experimental design was used. The controllable factors considered in this research are blending ratio, yarn twist and count, fabric structure and fabric density. The findings show that fabric structure has the largest effect on the fabric bagging. Factor yarn twist is second and is followed by fabric density, blend ratio and yarn count. The optimum conditions to achieve the least bagging fatigue ratio were determined.

Study on the Enzyme Desizing Process for Cotton Fabric Using Ultrasonication

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Ming Zhao ◽  
Shan Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fabric Strength ◽  
Enzyme Dosage

The auxiliary devices of ultrasonic treatment was designed and manufactured. The cotton fabric was desized using 2000L desizing enzyme with the conventional enzyme desizing process and ultrasonic enzyme desizing process respectively. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum process conditions of conventional enzyme desizing process and ultrasonic enzyme desizing process were determined. For the conventional enzyme desizing process, the optimized desizing conditions of cotton fabrics were: desizing enzyme dosage was 1.5g/l, temperature was 80°C, PH value was 6, and time was 60mins. The optimum process conditions of ultrasonic enzyme desizing process were: desizing enzyme dosage was 1.5g/l, temperature was 50°C, PH value was 6 and time was 45minutes. The research result indicates that, under the same desizing condition, ultrasonication can improve the desizing percentage and whiteness of cotton fabric, but the fabric strength loss increases slightly. And for the same required desizing percentage, the ultrasonic enzyme desizing process saved time and reduced the temperature of experiments compared with traditional enzyme desizing process

scholarly journals Conversion of jet biofuel range hydrocarbons from palm oil over zeolite hybrid catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 184798042098153
Author(s):  
Norsahika Mohd Basir ◽  
Norkhalizatul Akmal Mohd Jamil ◽  
Halimaton Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Hybrid Catalyst ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Reaction Routes

The catalytic conversion of palm oil was carried out over four zeolite catalysts—Y, ZSM-5, Y-ZSM-5 hybrid, and Y/ZSM-5 composite—to produce jet biofuel with high amount of alkanes and low amount of aromatic hydrocarbons. The zeolite Y-ZSM-5 hybrid catalyst was synthesized using crystalline zeolite Y as the seed for the growth of zeolite ZSM-5. Synthesized zeolite catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, while the chemical compositions of the jet biofuel were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The conversion of palm oil over zeolite Y resulted in the highest yield (42 wt%) of jet biofuel: a high selectivity of jet range alkanes (51%) and a low selectivity of jet range aromatic hydrocarbons (25%). Zeolite Y-ZSM-5 hybrid catalyst produced a decreased percentage of jet range alkane (30%) and a significant increase in the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons (57%). The highest conversion of palm oil to hydrocarbon compounds was achieved by zeolite Y-ZSM-5 hybrid catalyst (99%), followed by zeolite Y/ZSM-5 composite (96%), zeolite Y (91%), and zeolite ZSM-5 (74%). The reaction routes for converting palm oil to jet biofuel involve deoxygenation of fatty acids into C15–C18 alkanes via decarboxylation and decarbonylation, catalytic cracking into C8–C14 alkanes, and cycloalkanes as well as aromatization into aromatic hydrocarbon.

CH4 Activation and C-C coupling on Ti2C(100) Surface in presence of intrinsic C-vacancies: Is excess good?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishamol Kuriakose ◽  
Unmesh Mondal ◽  
Prasenjit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Important Chemical ◽  
Main Component

Activation of methane, the main component in natural gas, and its conversion to useful products is an important chemical process because methane is not only one of the most important...

scholarly journals A generic concept for Helium purification and liquefaction plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Said Al Rabadi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Generic Concept ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Pure Helium ◽  
Liquefaction Plant ◽  
Gas Plants

This study describes and evaluates the performance of producing a pure Helium fraction from Helium extraction facility designed for cryogenic natural gas plants. A generic concept for obtaining a Helium pure fraction, which has relatively lower capital and operating costs should be provided. In order to achieve this objective, a new concept for obtaining a Helium pure fraction from a crude Helium fraction, is proposed based on simulations run under diverse process conditions regarding crude Helium gas’ temperature, pressure and composition. This concept is characterized by; reducing the plant safety requirements due to the extensive separation of combustible components, and compact layout of Helium extraction plant. Further re-purification is included in the subsequent Helium liquefaction step through selective adsorption, hence then increasing the purity of the Helium product and reducing the plant energy consumption required for liquefying Helium-rich fraction and the valuable Helium boil-off routed from the storage facility. The Nitrogen-rich fraction is routed to Nitrogen liquefaction installation. Liquid Nitrogen is generated within Helium recovery facility for liquid Helium shielding and container cooling. Surplus gaseous Nitrogen either can be liquefied and used within cryogenic natural gas plant as process coolant or be vented to atmosphere.

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