scholarly journals «The Ball Lightning»: Physics Base & Conceptual Views Complex

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton V. Pinchuk ◽  
Vladimir A. Pinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Ball Lightning ◽  
Electrical Charge ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Energy States ◽  
Lightning Physics

The complex of conceptual views about ball lightning (BL) as containing surplus electrical charge quasi-stationary material foundation with distinctions between levels of translation temperature and exciting temperatures of chemical bonds and electron energy states has been offered and is substantiated in the paper. The being formed complex is grounded upon overstepping the limits of generally accepted physical base and is aimed at all-round substantiation of jointly observed in nature manifestations ob BL. Within the limits of the being formed complex the possibility of localization of ball lightning in airspace is confirmed. The nature of the one’s radiate capacity is substantiated. The role of  environment as source that feeds BL with energy is established. Power supply mechanisms, conditions and peculiarities of BL’s characteristics reproduction through lifetime are specified. The formations channels of energy resources of BL are turned out. Levels of BL’s energy potentialities, both permissibility proper and wide diapason of variation of the ones (multi-faces of ball lightning) are substantiated. Adequacy of being formulated conceptual views as a whole is confirmed.

SISTEM AUTOMATIC SWITCH REDUNDANT UPS UNTUK BEBAN ESSENSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Markus Dwiyanto Tobi ◽  
Alimuddin Mappa
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Main Equipment ◽  
Telecommunication Equipment ◽  
Input Condition ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Switch Circuit

The role of the power supply device is to produce, process and distribute energy sources. Telecommunication equipment can only operate if it has continuous supply. Therefore, to maintain the continuity of the supply, a UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) device system is needed so that the supply to the Essential Load device will remain available so that continuity will be maintained. This research designs and proposes how a series of automatic redundant switch systems on UPS to ensure the availability of power supply for the main equipment of telecommunications systems. The Auto switch circuit is designed to have 3 (three) working stages which will trigger the relay driver as control circuit, namely the normal working condition of the contactor input K1 is present, the input condition is zero (lost), and the input condition is present. This system can automatically supply power to telecommunications equipment.

World Economic Crisis as a Process of Substitution of Technological Modes

2009 ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glaziev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Technological Mode ◽  
World Economic Crisis

The article analyzes fundamental reasons for the world economic crisis in the light of global technological shifts. It proves that it is caused by the substitution of technological modes. It is shown that sharp increase and slump in stock indices and prices for energy resources are typical of the process of technological substitution which occurs regularly according to the rhythm of long-wave fluctuations of the world economic activity. The article rationalizes a package of anti-crisis measures aimed at stimulating the new technological mode. Its structure and role of the locomotive factor of the new long wave of economic growth are revealed.

Improvement of the System of Statistical Indicators of the State and Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
M. R. Еfimova ◽  
N. A. Korolkova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The article proposes an improved system of statistical indicators for assessing the state and development of the fuel and energy complex of Russia, which defines a methodological approach to identifying factors and trends in its development. The introduction highlights the relevance of modernization of information and methodological support for reaching decisions on new tasks, including those related to the digitalization of the economy and implementation of the national projects’ portfolio. The body of the article critically examines the current configuration of official and departmental statistical information, based on which the authors selected 85 key indicators reflecting the state and development level of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. All of them can be delineated by sectors and analysis tasks. This evaluation system includes 7 blocks: general block characterizing the role of the fuel and energy complex in the economic system; key industry performance indicators; indicators of the production structure by industry; technological indicators of industries; prices for fuel and energy resources; production costs by industry; distribution indicators of fuel and energy resources. The paper analyses development trends in the fuel and energy sectors for 2008-2018. In particular, the authors’ research showed that modern oil production is characterized by a change in the territorial structure, as well as the reinstatement of the role of vertically integrated companies in the development of oil production. The article presents findings on the technological upgrading of Russian oil refining. However, the authors’ research proved that oil refining depth has ceased to be a reliable indicator of the level of technological equipment and modernization level of oil refineries. With regard to the development of the gas industry, there has been a steady increase in gas production, which is supported by maintaining a steady increase in demand for Russian gas in the domestic and foreign markets. The all-time high domestic consumer demand for gas fuel, associated with the Russian Regions Gasification Program implemented by the Ministry of Energy of Russia, was recorded. At the same time, the authors identified the main risk factors in the development of the industry related to Gazprom (a backbone of the energy sector) activities. The persistent positive growth dynamics in commodity production of associated petroleum gas was established. It was also noted that the highest percentage of its beneficial use is characteristic of operators of production sharing agreements. As for the results of the analysis of the coal industry, a matter of interest is the growth of domestic prices for coal products and related derivative trends. Particular attention is paid to the development of the possibilities of using over-the-counter coal price indicators. Replacement of coal with natural gas at a thermal power station in most regions of the country is of interest within the identified development trends of the electric power industry in Russia, which is explained by the environmental friendliness of electricity generation.

Energy Markets and Trading

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mares
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Impact Risk

This chapter discusses the role of energy in economic development, the transformation of energy markets, trade in energy resources themselves, and the geopolitical dynamics that result. The transformation of energy markets and their expansion via trade can help or hinder development, depending on the processes behind them and how stakeholders interact. The availability of renewable, climate-friendly sources of energy, domestically and internationally, means that there is no inherent trade-off between economic growth and the use of fossil fuels. The existence of economic, political, social, and geopolitical adjustment costs means that the expansion of international energy markets to incorporate alternatives to oil and coal is a complex balance of environmental trade-offs with no solutions completely free of negative impact risk. An understanding of the supply of and demand for energy must incorporate the institutional context within which they occur, as well as the social and political dynamics of their setting.

scholarly journals A Mini Review on Doped Nickel-Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4651
Author(s):  
Yilin Deng ◽  
Wei Lai ◽  
Bin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Heteroatom Doping ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

The energy crisis and environmental pollution have attracted much attention and have promoted researches on clean and sustainable hydrogen energy resources. With the help of highly active and stable transition metal nickel-based catalysts, the production of hydrogen from water electrolysis from electrolyzed water has become an inexpensive and efficient strategy for generating hydrogen energy. In recent years, heteroatom doping has been found to be an effective strategy to improve the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performances of nickel-based catalysts in acidic, neutral, and alkaline media. This review will highlight many recent works of inexpensive and readily available heteroatom-doped nickel-based HER catalysts. The evaluation methods for the performances of HER catalyst will be briefly described, and the role of heteroatom doping and its application in nickel-based catalyst will be summarized. This article will also point out some heteroatom doping strategies, which may provide references and inspire the design of other catalysts with dopants.

scholarly journals From natural to artificial photosynthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (81) ◽  
pp. 20120984 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Barber ◽  
Phong D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Natural Photosynthesis

Demand for energy is projected to increase at least twofold by mid-century relative to the present global consumption because of predicted population and economic growth. This demand could be met, in principle, from fossil energy resources, particularly coal. However, the cumulative nature of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions demands that stabilizing the atmospheric CO 2 levels to just twice their pre-anthropogenic values by mid-century will be extremely challenging, requiring invention, development and deployment of schemes for carbon-neutral energy production on a scale commensurate with, or larger than, the entire present-day energy supply from all sources combined. Among renewable and exploitable energy resources, nuclear fusion energy or solar energy are by far the largest. However, in both cases, technological breakthroughs are required with nuclear fusion being very difficult, if not impossible on the scale required. On the other hand, 1 h of sunlight falling on our planet is equivalent to all the energy consumed by humans in an entire year. If solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, then it must be stored and despatched on demand to the end user. An especially attractive approach is to store solar energy in the form of chemical bonds as occurs in natural photosynthesis. However, a technology is needed which has a year-round average conversion efficiency significantly higher than currently available by natural photosynthesis so as to reduce land-area requirements and to be independent of food production. Therefore, the scientific challenge is to construct an ‘artificial leaf’ able to efficiently capture and convert solar energy and then store it in the form of chemical bonds of a high-energy density fuel such as hydrogen while at the same time producing oxygen from water. Realistically, the efficiency target for such a technology must be 10 per cent or better. Here, we review the molecular details of the energy capturing reactions of natural photosynthesis, particularly the water-splitting reaction of photosystem II and the hydrogen-generating reaction of hydrogenases. We then follow on to describe how these two reactions are being mimicked in physico-chemical-based catalytic or electrocatalytic systems with the challenge of creating a large-scale robust and efficient artificial leaf technology.

Spatial Load Forecasting Based on Load Forecasting Reliability

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Xiao ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Gang Mu
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Load Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting Error ◽  
Comprehensive Index ◽  
Gray Correlation Degree ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Gray Correlation

A spatial load forecasting method based on reliability of load forecasting is proposed. It calculates the correlation of wave comprehensive index, variance, maximum predictable ability of each power supply small area’s historical load data by using the analysis theory of grey degree based on the analysis of load forecasting error last target year. The weight of each factor effected on prediction outcomes according to the gray correlation degree is determined, then the load forecasting reliability model of each power supply area is constructed. Finally, by using the adjustment role of load forecasting reliability, the load of target year is forecasted. Actual example shows that the spatial load forecasting method based on reliability of load forecasting is correct and effective.

scholarly journals Impact of National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on the Private Sector: A Case Study of Power Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Modinat Olaitan Olusoji ◽  
Olusegun O. Oloba
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on the private sector by looking at the contribution the power sector had made in realizing the goal of making private enterprise the engine of growth in Nigeria. NEEDS reform is to  transform the power sector into one led by the private sector, with the role of government  restricted primarily in policy formulation and establishment of an appropriate legal and regulatory framework.  The paper discusses among many things: an overview of power supply in Nigeria; the effect of power sector on private sectors; challenges of the sector; as well as the ways forward. The paper concludes that there is   need to put concerted effort to generate adequate power supply to enable the private sector thrives and serves as engine of growth in Nigeria.

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