scholarly journals Effect of Catalyst Preparation on the Selective Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil Over Low Percentage Pd/Diatomite Catalysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Toshtay ◽  
A.B. Auyezov ◽  
Zh.A. Bizhanov ◽  
A.T. Yeraliyeva ◽  
S.K. Toktasinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Adsorption Method

Hydrogenated vegetable oils contain high contents of <em>trans</em>-fatty acids. Because of the increased health concern about <em>trans</em>-fatty acids, new hydrogenations have been studied to seek ways for substantial reduction of the <em>trans</em>-fatty acids in the hydrogenated products. In this research, activated diatomite has distinctive properties as a support for hydrogenation catalysts. Investigation of textural properties of raw and purified diatomite samples reveals that during acid activation surface area increases significantly. Although, acid activation of diatomite is a commonly chemical modification to enhance its adsorption capacity. We are preparing adsorption method to synthesize low percentage 0.2% of Pd/Diatomite catalyst. The activated diatomite and the obtained catalyst was characterized by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEMEDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was utilized for hydrogenation of sunflower oil using the Parr reactor in laboratory testing a variety of temperature (70, 90, 110 ºC) and canola oil in industrial testing, at temperature 90 ºC and 0.5 MPa pressure and compared to commercial nickel catalyst (Pricat-9910) at 150 ºC, 0.5 MPa pressure agitation of 800 rpm for 160 min. The changes in iodine value, fatty acid composition, <em>trans</em>-fatty acids, melting point and solid fat content were investigated on partial hydrogenated sunflower oil and canola oil. The experimentally obtained results show that the palladium catalyst is the most active compared to the commercial catalyst. Lower hydrogenation temperature used 0.2% Pd/Diatomite catalyst, significant reducing the formation of <em>trans</em>-content by 13% in fat.

scholarly journals Comparative hydrogenation of the sunflower oil on platinum and nickel catalysts

2017 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Kainaubek Toshtay ◽  
Ali Auyezov ◽  
Christophe Geantet
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Platinum Catalyst ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Ni Catalyst ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Supported Platinum ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrogenation Reactions

The paper considers the diatomite-supported platinum catalyst (1.0 wt% Pt/D) synthesized using colloid adsorption method. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption (BET), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The activity of the platinum catalyst was investigated by sunflower hydrogenation at 0.5 MPa hydrogen pressure at temperature range from 90°C to 130°C and compared to a commercial Ni catalyst. All of the hydrogenation reactions were terminated at iodine value between approximately 72-86. The results demonstrated that Pt/diatomite catalyst exhibited the highest activity and selectivity at low temperature than the Ni catalyst in hydrogenation processes. Physical characteristics of hydrogenated products such as melting point and solid fat content were also examined.

scholarly journals Trans-fatty acids in cooking oils in Bogota, Colombia: changes in the food supply from 2008 to 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 3260-3264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Moynihan ◽  
Eduardo Villamor ◽  
Constanza Marin ◽  
Mercedes Mora-Plazas ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Regular Monitoring

AbstractObjectiveLong-chain n-3 fatty acid intake in Colombia is low because fish consumption is limited. Vegetable oils with high n-3 fatty acid content are recommended, but their concentrations of trans fats were high in previous studies. Thus, regular monitoring of the fatty acid composition of vegetable oils is required. Our objective was to quantify the fatty acid composition in commercially available oils in Bogota, Colombia and determine if composition changed from 2008 to 2013.DesignCross-sectional study. We obtained samples of all commercially available oils reported in a survey of low- and middle-income families with a child participating in the Bogota School Children Cohort.SettingBogota, Colombia.SubjectsNot applicable.ResultsSunflower oil had the highest trans-fatty acid content (2·18 %). Canola oil had the lowest proportion of trans-fatty acids (0·40 %) and the highest n-3 fatty acid content (9·37 %). In terms of percentage reduction from 2008 to 2013 in 18:1 and 18:2 trans-fatty acids, canola oil had 89 % and 65 % reduction, mixed oils had 44 % and 48 % reduction, and sunflower oil had 25 % and 51 % reduction, respectively. Soyabean oil became widely available in 2013.ConclusionsThe content of trans-fatty acids decreased in all oils from 2008 to 2013, suggesting a voluntary reduction by industry. We believe that regular monitoring of the fatty acid composition of oils is warranted.

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

scholarly journals Release of toxic methylene blue from water by mesoporous silicalite-1: characterization, kinetics and isotherm studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabarish Radoor ◽  
Jasila Karayil ◽  
Aswathy Jayakumar ◽  
Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai ◽  
Suchart Siengchin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractIn the present work, we have developed a mesoporous silicalite-1 using CMC as a template for the removal of MB from aqueous solution. The synthesized silicalite-1 were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm (BET). XRD and FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of crystallinity and development of MFI structure in the mesoporous silicalite-1. The adsorption of MB dye on mesoporous silicalite-1 was conducted by batch adsorption method. The effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the dye uptake ability of silicalite-1 was investigated. The operating parameters for the maximum adsorption are silicalite-1 dosage (0.1 wt%), contact time (240 min), initial dye concentration (10 ppm) and temperature (30 ℃). The MB dye removal onto mesoporous silicalite-1 followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm. The silicalite-1 exhibits 86% removal efficiency even after six adsorption–desorption cycle. Therefore, the developed mesoporous silicalite-1 is an effective eco-friendly adsorbent for MB dye removal from aqueous environment.

scholarly journals Magnetically Recyclable Wool Keratin Modified Magnetite Powders for Efficient Removal of Cu2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Yani Guo ◽  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Jinyuan Zhang ◽  
Hailiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wool Keratin

The treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals and the utilization of wool waste are very important for the sustainable development of textile mills. In this study, the wool keratin modified magnetite (Fe3O4) powders were fabricated by using wool waste via a co-precipitation technique for removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The morphology, chemical compositions, crystal structure, microstructure, magnetism properties, organic content, and specific surface area of as-fabricated powders were systematically characterized by various techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer. The effects of experimental parameters such as the volume of wool keratin hydrolysate, the dosage of powder, the initial Cu2+ ion concentration, and the pH value of solution on the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ ions by the powders were examined. The experimental results indicated that the Cu2+ ion adsorption performance of the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders exhibited much better than that of the chitosan modified ones with a maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of 27.4 mg/g under favorable conditions (0.05 g powders; 50 mL of 40 mg/L CuSO4; pH 5; temperature 293 K). The high adsorption capacity towards Cu2+ ions on the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders was primarily because of the strong surface complexation of –COOH and –NH2 functional groups of wool keratins with Cu2+ ions. The Cu2+ ion adsorption process on the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders followed the Temkin adsorption isotherm model and the intraparticle diffusion and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic models. After Cu2+ ion removal, the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders were easily separated using a magnet from aqueous solution and efficiently regenerated using 0.5 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-H2SO4 eluting. The wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders possessed good regenerative performance after five cycles. This study provided a feasible way to utilize waste wool textiles for preparing magnetic biomass-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.

Comparative ultrastructural analysis of mycorrhizal associations

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvano Scannerini ◽  
Paola Bonfante-Fasolo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Cytological Feature ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Associations ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

Electron microscopy is a powerful tool in understanding functional mechanisms in symbiosis (i.e., recognition and transfer of nutrients between partners), but mycorrhizal associations are not yet so well known as host–pathogen and host – mutualistic bacterial associations. However, the study of mycorrhizal ultrastructure has provided some interesting information. In fact unknown symbionts can be recognized with electron microscopy and mycorrhizae can be classified according to a sequence linking intercellular and intracellular interactions between host and fungus. General conclusions can be drawn from this ultrastructural sequence. (i) The most significant cytological feature in mycorrhizae is the presence of an interface through which partners communicate along a vast surface area. This is the key area for symbiotic interactions (both recognition and nutrient transfer) and can vary a great deal mostly in intracellular interactions. (ii) The ultracytochemical aspects of those interfaces, mostly as regards the components of the interfacial matrix, appear quite different from those of host–pathogen associations and suggest a compatibility mechanism. (iii) As regards the transfer of nutrients, even though it has been claimed that transfer of nutrient in all intracellular interactions is achieved by a digestion mechanism of the fungus by the host, available ultrastructural data are not consistent with this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Enriched sunflower oil with omega 3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil: Prediction of the nutritive characteristics

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 112064
Author(s):  
Ranko S. Romanić ◽  
Tanja Z. Lužaić ◽  
Bojana Đ. Radić
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Ultrasonic enhancement of the acidity, surface area and free fatty acids esterification catalytic activity of sulphated ZrO 2 –TiO 2 systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Boffito ◽  
V. Crocellà ◽  
C. Pirola ◽  
B. Neppolian ◽  
G. Cerrato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Area
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