scholarly journals SEM Study on Morphological Changes in Metarhizium anisopliae Infected Aphis craccivora Koch.

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Sarodee Boruah ◽  
Pranab Dutta ◽  
Joyarani Pegu ◽  
Himadri Kaushik ◽  
N. Gogoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

Morphological changes in <em>Metarhizuim anisopliae</em> (Metschnikoff) Sorokin infected cow pea aphid, <em>Aphis craccivora</em> Koch were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Aphids were caged on paired lantern chimney over cowpea twigs dipped in conical flasks with water infected and inoculated with fungal propagules of <em>M. anisopliae</em> at the concentration of 1X10<sup>6</sup> spores /ml of water. Infected aphids were observed under SEM and it showed severe cuticular damage, abnormalities in sensory systems as well as deformation of all the body parts. The hydrophobic conidia of <em>M. anisopliae</em> were found to attach to all body regions. It was evident that mycelial growth and conidiophores with conidia of <em>M. anisopliae</em> covered the body surface and penetrates inside the body of infested aphid causing damage to the pest by disturbing its major physiological activities leading to its death.

SEM Study on Morphological Changes in Metarhizium anisopliae Infected Aphis craccivora Koch.

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Sarodee Boruah ◽  
Pranab Dutta ◽  
Joyarani Pegu ◽  
Himadri Kaushik ◽  
N. Gogoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Sem Study

scholarly journals Scanning electron microscopic observation of the infection process of a Metarhizium strain Ma6 highly pathogenic to Phyllotreta striolata

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyu Li ◽  
Mengzhu Shi ◽  
Yuechao He ◽  
Jianwei Fu ◽  
Lizhen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background. Phyllotreta striolata is a worldwide pest that harms cruciferous vegetables. The use of pathogenic microorganisms to control pests is an important means of biological control. Using pathogenic microorganisms to prevent and control P. striolata has rarely been reported. Methods. In this study, the infection process of a Metarhizium strain highly pathogenic to P. striolata was observed by stereomicroscopyand scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results.The results showed that the attachment of Metarhizium strain Ma6 to the body surface varied; the conidia distribution was greatest in the tibia of the posterior leg with thick bristles and in the intersegmental abdominal membrane, and the spore distribution occurred least in the smooth and hard portions of the insect’s body. At the start of the infection, Metarhizium strain Ma6 generally grew from the body parts with gaps or connecting spaces such as mouthparts and the thoracic leg base and joints, then the spores germinated with germ tubes and penetration peg, and the penetration peg penetrated the body surface. Ten days after inoculation, the mycelia divided into conidia, and many mycelia and spores covered the entire adult insect’s body. Discussion. Spore germination occurred on the 5th day after inoculation, and many hyphae and spores covered the entire adult insect body within 10 days after inoculation. And the invasion into tissue gaps from the weaker areas is more efficient than intruding from the body hard surface. This may be the reason for the Metarhizium strain Ma6’s high virulence. This study preliminarily clarified the infection ability and invasion approach of a Metarhizium strain against P. striolata, providing evidence for evaluating the strain’s insecticidal effect and application prospect.

scholarly journals Smart Care Beds for Elderly Patients with Impaired Mobility

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Sik Hong
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Mobility Impairment ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Microcontroller Unit

Most accidents occurring at medical institutions treating elderly patients with mobility impairment are bedsores and fall accidents. One of the reasons for this high rate of accidents is the lack of nursing personnel. In order to aid caregivers in nursing elderly patients who are not able to move about freely, in this paper, we propose a design and implementation of a smart bed. In this bed, several pressure sensors are deployed underneath the mattress cover to consider both peoples’ standard physical characteristics and the specific body parts where bedsores commonly occur. To manage the pressure ulcer area and to prevent falls, the body area is divided into three vertical areas and three horizontal areas. Each microcontroller unit manages pressure-sensing information in one of the body regions divided horizontally. In this study, a real-time pressure-sensing algorithm is presented that is capable of deciding on the possibilities of bedsores and falling accidents by considering both the intensity and the duration of pressure of specific body parts. Our experimental results demonstrate that a prototype smart bed works well for several human models of various heights and weights.

scholarly journals Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on different stages of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4 - Ahead of print) ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
Maha Moustafa Ahmed ◽  
Heba Yehia Mady ◽  
Amira Hassan El Namaky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Scanning Electron

The sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) (Diptera: Psychodidae), is the main vector of Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor, 1914, the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis North Africa, the Middle East, and North Sinai. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fungi on P. papatasi larvae, pupae, and adults using light microscopic analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and histopathological studies. Specifically, larvae, pupae, and adult P. papatasi were infected with the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Scanning electron microscope and histopathological methods were used to investigate the destructive impact of the fungi on the external and internal structures of P. papatasi. The results revealed propagation of the conidia on the cuticles of all P. papatasi life stages, including on the compound eyes, leg setae, thorax, wings, and abdomen of the adults. Histological sections of the control and treated larvae, pupae, and adults showed many alterations and malformations in the body and tissues of all life stages after 72 h. These results demonstrated that B. bassiana was more effective than M. anisopliae as a biological control of phlebotomine sand flies. Further studies to determine the best methods for delivery and application in the diverse ecological settings of the various leishmaniasis vectors are recommended.

scholarly journals Distinct genetic architectures underlie divergent thorax, leg, and wing pigmentation between Drosophila elegans and D. gunungcola

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Massey ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
David L. Stern ◽  
Patricia J. Wittkopp
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of species differences is a major goal in evolutionary biology. Pigmentation divergence between Drosophila species often involves genetic changes in pigmentation candidate genes that pattern the body and wings, but it remains unclear how these changes affect pigmentation evolution in multiple body parts between the same diverging species. Drosophila elegans and D. gunungcola show pigmentation differences in the thorax, legs, and wings, with D. elegans exhibiting male-specific wing spots and D. gunungcola lacking wing spots with intensely dark thoraces and legs. Here, we performed QTL mapping to identify the genetic architecture of these differences. We find a large effect QTL on the X chromosome for all three body parts. QTL on Muller Element E were found for thorax pigmentation in both backcrosses but were only marginally significant in one backcross for the legs and wings. Consistent with this observation, we isolated the effects of the Muller Element E QTL by introgressing D. gunungcola alleles into a D. elegans genetic background and found that D. gunungcola alleles linked near the pigmentation candidate gene ebony caused intense darkening of the thorax, minimal darkening of legs, and minimal shrinking of wing spots. D. elegans ebony mutants showed changes in pigmentation consistent with Ebony having different effects on pigmentation in different tissues. Our results suggest that multiple genes have evolved differential effects on pigmentation levels in different body regions.

Morphology and distribution of sweat glands in the Cape fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Carnivora:Otariidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Rotherham ◽  
M. van der Merwe ◽  
M. N. Bester ◽  
W. H. Oosthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Cape Fur Seal ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study examined whether sweat glands are present in the skin of the Cape fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus. Sweat glands have an important role in thermoregulation; the presence or absence of sweat glands in the fur-covered and naked skin areas of the Cape fur seal was investigated using standard histological procedures and light and scanning electron microscopy. Sweat glands were present in both fur-covered and naked skin areas. The skin layers in the naked skin areas were thicker than those in the fur-covered areas, presumably to protect them against abrasions in the absence of hair. The density of apocrine sweat glands did not differ among the body regions; however, both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands were larger in naked skin areas than in fur-covered areas. This increased size of the glands suggests a more active role for the glands in the naked skin areas, and a higher heat-loss capability through evaporative cooling in these body regions.

Sexually dimorphic skin glands in the invasive species Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura:Ranidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sofia Agustina Maria Mancinelli ◽  
Araceli Rita Cóceres ◽  
Andrea Gabriela Pozzi ◽  
Lucas David Jungblut
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Skin Glands ◽  
Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Males of most amphibian species possess specialized cutaneous glands, known as sexually dimorphic skin glands (SDSGs). SDSGs are usually clustered in specific body regions and are externally visible, but in some cases, external differences between males and females can be slight or absent, and the occurrence of SDSGs can only be disclosed by histological studies. Chemical signals produced by SDSGs markedly affect amphibian behaviour and reproduction, and therefore their occurrence, features, and location in the body could provide information on potential mechanisms of intraspecific communication in a particular species. In the present study, we perform light microscope (both histological and histochemical), and scanning electron microscope studies of skin samples from male and female adult specimens of the invasive bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus, covering several body regions that could hold SDSGs. Most skin areas analysed showed only ordinary granular and mucous glands despite remarkable sexual dimorphism that could be externally observed. By contrast, the male nuptial pads contained exclusively SDSGs that were hypertrophied specialized mucous glands (SMGs), closely resembling breeding glands described in other anurans. Our histochemical study revealed that these SMGs contain heterogeneous populations of secretory cells, possibly involved in pheromone production. We discuss these characteristics of the SDSGs found in L. catesbeianus, as well as the surface specialization of the nuptial pads (achieved by scanning electron microscopy) in the light of their potential role in the chemical communication in this invasive species.

scholarly journals Diversity of functional microornamentation in slithering geckos Lialis (Pygopodidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1772) ◽  
pp. 20132160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Spinner ◽  
S. N. Gorb ◽  
G. Westhoff
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Jaw Bones ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Limb Reduction ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Locomotion Mode ◽  
Limbless Locomotion ◽  
Scanning Electron

The skin of geckos is covered with countless microscopic protuberances (spines). This surface structure causes low wettability to water. During evolution, representatives of the recent gekkotan clade Pygopodidae started slithering on the ground. This manner of locomotion affected limb reduction resulting in a snake-like body. Regarding abrasion and frictional properties, a surface covered with gekkotan spines is a topography that hampers the snake-like locomotion mode. Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the shed skins of two pygopodid lizards, Lialis jicari (Papua snake lizard) and Lialis burtonis (Burton's legless lizard), in order to show epidermal adaptations to limbless locomotion. Our data showed that Pygopodidae differ from their relatives not only anatomically, but also in their epidermal microstructure. Scales of L. jicari have five different structural patterns on various body regions. Ventral scales have nanoridges, similar to those found on the ventralia of snakes. Surfaces of scales covering the jaw bones, have flattened spine-like microstructures that might be an adaptation to reduce abrasion. Dorsal scales have oblong microscopic bulges covered with nanoridges. Spines cover the undersides and the interstices of scales over the entire body of both species and in L. jicari also the top of dorsal head scales. Our measurements of surface wettability (surface free energy) show superhydrophobic properties of the spiny surfaces in comparison with the other microstructural patterns of other body parts.

scholarly journals Morphological Evaluation of Variously Intercalated Pre-baked Clay

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Hameed Ullah ◽  
Ahmad Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Intercalating Agents ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The use of porous materials is enjoying tremendous popularity and attention of the advance scientific communities due to their excellent adsorptive and catalytic activities. Clays are one of the most important candidates in the porous community which shows the above mentioned activities after modifing with a different intercalating agent. The paper is focused on the infiuence of some inorganic intercalating agents (NaOH) on the morphology of the variously intercalated clay samples. The alkali metal was used as the inorganic intercalating agent. The effect of intercalation temperature, intercalation agent concentration and intercalation time on the pre-baked clay morphology were also part of the study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was performed to evaluate the morphological changes of the resultant intercalates. Different morphological properties were improved significantly in the case of the inorganically modified clay samples. Thus, such intercalations are suggested to be effective if the clays under study are to be used for different industrial process at elevated conditions.

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