scholarly journals Assessing surface water-groundwater interactions in the seasonal lake-wetland system of Lake Poyang

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-853
Author(s):  
Chen Jing ◽  
◽  
Li Yunliang ◽  
Zhou Junfeng ◽  
Lu Jingyuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Lake Poyang ◽  
Wetland System

scholarly journals The Hydrological Viability of Te Harakiki Wetland, Waikanae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Anne Law
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Wetland Extent ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

<p>Wetlands are unique natural resources that play an important role in the hydrological cycle. There is a dynamic link between wetland hydrology and inputs from both surface and groundwater resources. Shallow groundwater abstraction near the Te Harakiki wetland at Waikanae has the potential to impact on the wetland' hydrosystem. To assess the likelihood of this occurring, a detailed analysis of recent changes, the hydrological regime, and the water balance of the Te Harakiki Wetland system was undertaken. The hydrological regime of the wetland system was assessed by various monitoring sites established around Te Harakiki to measure rainfall, soil moisture, surface and groundwater levels. Analysis of (decadal) historical aerial photographs allowed changes in spatial extent of the open water habitat (lagoon) and the urban area of Waikanae Beach. Comparisons were made between wetland extent, population increase and urban area expansion. These data, together with a simple water balance, and historical climatic records, were used to explain the drastic decrease in wetland extent. Climatic factors and goundwater are the major driving forces behind the wetland's hydrologic regime. The surface water outflow from the system is greater than the surface water inflow, but this may be affected by the tides. The surface and groundwater systems in the area are closely linked. They have similar responses to rainfall events. Groundwater abstraction in the area appears to have minimal impact on the water level within the wetland. The exact nature and extent of abstraction around the wetland is unknown. The reduction in flood pulsing as a result of channel modification, and the fragmentation of the area for the construction of the oxidation ponds are the likely explanation. The current restoration efforts in regard to controlling pest species and excluding stock from the wetland have halted the decline in wetland area. The future of the Te Harakiki wetland system is now more positive.</p>

Spatial Optimization of Monitoring Networkson the Examples of a River, a Lake-Wetland System and a Sub-Surface Water System

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 5275-5294 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Kovács ◽  
Solt Kovács ◽  
István Gábor Hatvani ◽  
Norbert Magyar ◽  
Péter Tanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Spatial Optimization ◽  
Wetland System

scholarly journals A 3-Stage Treatment System For Domestic Wastewater: Part I. Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Oon Y.W. ◽  
Law P.L. ◽  
Ting S.N. ◽  
Tang F.E.
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Plastic Medium ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Wetland System

This study presents the development of a micro-scaled 3-stage wastewater treatment system applicable to small volume domestic effluents. The primary components of the system include 1) Spiral-Framed Human Hair-Based Filter, 2) Plastic Medium Mixed Flow Biotower, and 3) Pistia Stratiotes-Based Free Surface Water Wetland System. The first stage Spiral-Framed Human Hair-Based Filter consists of an oil and grease removal apparatus filled with human hair blocks and operated in a spiral plane aimed at removing emulsified oils from wastewater. The process is followed by a second stage Plastic Medium Mixed Flow Biotower filled with perforated cylindrical plastic tubes in horizontal and vertical arrangements to provide alternate vertical and cross flows for removal of suspended solids, ammoniacal-nitrogen, and biochemical oxygen demand. The effluent would then be channelled to the free surface water wetland system (third stage) filled with Pistia Stratiotes (water lettuce) for removal of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from wastewater. From this study, it was found that Human Hair-Based Filter could remove 73.54% emulsified oils from wastewater, while the combined removal efficiencies of Plastic Medium Mixed Flow Biotower and Free Surface Water wetland system operated in series recorded 59.2% biochemical oxygen demand, 87.9% ammoniacal-nitrogen, 90.6% nitrogen, 54.9% phosphorous, 68.5% potassium, and 59.0% turbidity.

scholarly journals A 3-Stage Treatment System For Domestic Wastewater: Part II. Performance Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Oon Y.W. ◽  
Law P.L. ◽  
Ting S.N. ◽  
Tang F.E.
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
In Series ◽  
Wetland System

A 3-stage micro-scale wastewater treatment system that consisted of 1) a spiral-framed human hair-based filter, 2) a plastic medium mixed flow biotower, and 3) a free surface water wetland system filled with Pistia Stratiotes (water lettuce) operating in series was recently developed and performance tests were conducted.  Performance tests were carried out to determine the efficiencies of the system for removal of physically emulsified and free oils, organic matters such as biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal-nitrogen, suspended solids,and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium from semi-synthetic wastewaters.  From this study, it was found that the human hair-based filter could retain approximately 73.5% of physically emulsified oils, while the mixed flow biotower was capable of reducing approximately 35.0% biochemical oxygen demand, 57.4% ammoniacal-nitrogen, 51.8% nitrogen, 13.4% phosphorus, 21.8% potassium, and 21.9% reduction in turbidity.  The Pistia Stratiotes-based free surface water wetland was found to remove approximately 24.1% biochemical oxygen demand, 30.6% ammoniacal-nitrogen, 38.0% nitrogen, 41.5% phosphorus, 46.7% potassium and 31.7% reduction in turbidity.  When the mixed flow biotower and  free surface water wetland system were to operate in series, the combined removal efficiencies were approximately 59.2% for biochemical oxygen demand, 87.9% for ammoniacal-nitrogen, 90.6% for nitrogen, 54.9% for phosphorus, 68.5% for potassium, and 59.0% reduction in turbidity. Experimental data also showed that daily uptake rates (mg/kg-day) of organics and nutrients by per kilogram of Pistia Stratiotes were approximately 1,731 mg for biochemical oxygen demand, 1,015 mg for ammoniacal-nitrogen, 1,206 mg for nitrogen, 1,468 mg for phosphorus, and 5,431 mg for potassium. 

scholarly journals Role of Natural Wetlands in Arsenic Removal from Arsenic-Contaminated Runoff

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Vanlop Thathong ◽  
Netnapid Tantamsapya ◽  
Chatpet Yossapol ◽  
Chih-Hsiang Liao ◽  
Wanpen Wirojanagud
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Vegetation Species ◽  
Translocation Factors

This research aims to identify the role of natural wetlands in arsenic (As) removal. Phu Lek wetland in Loei Province, Thailand, was selected as the study area. Monthly samples of water (144), plant (360), and sediment (144) were collected from the wetland for 24 months. As concentration in the surface water at the wetland inlet was 0.85±0.26 mg L-1, and 0.02±0.01 mg L-1 at the wetland outlet. It was observed that the As level in water decreased significantly along its flow path, with an As removal efficiency of 98 %. As concentration in the sediment was 89.53-356.22 mg kg-1 at the inlet of wetland, but decreased gradually downstream of the water flow. Three dominant emergent plant species were observed in this wetland. As accumulation (0.02-2.37 mg kg-1) was noted in all the parts of the three plant species. As content was the highest in the rootlet (0.00-1.27 mg kg-1) compared to that in foliage (0.00-0.84 mg kg-1), leaf stalk (0.00-1.86 mg kg-1), and rhizome (0.00-2.64 mg kg-1). The level of As in the different vegetation species was in the order Diplazium esculentum > Colocasia esculenta > Lasia spinose. Further, As entrapment in the different plant plants followed the order rootlet > rhizome > foliage > leaf stalk. All the three plant species showed high bioconcentrationfactors, with values of 0.03-1.28, 0.02-0.93, 0.00-0.84, and 0.00-0.38at the rootlet, rhizome, foliage, and leaf stalk, respectively, but had low translocation factors (foliage/rootlet: 0.02-0.90 and leaf stalk/rootlet: 0.00-0.44). In summary, As present in the surface water could be effectively removed by the wetland system.

scholarly journals The Hydrological Viability of Te Harakiki Wetland, Waikanae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Anne Law
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Wetland Extent ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

<p>Wetlands are unique natural resources that play an important role in the hydrological cycle. There is a dynamic link between wetland hydrology and inputs from both surface and groundwater resources. Shallow groundwater abstraction near the Te Harakiki wetland at Waikanae has the potential to impact on the wetland' hydrosystem. To assess the likelihood of this occurring, a detailed analysis of recent changes, the hydrological regime, and the water balance of the Te Harakiki Wetland system was undertaken. The hydrological regime of the wetland system was assessed by various monitoring sites established around Te Harakiki to measure rainfall, soil moisture, surface and groundwater levels. Analysis of (decadal) historical aerial photographs allowed changes in spatial extent of the open water habitat (lagoon) and the urban area of Waikanae Beach. Comparisons were made between wetland extent, population increase and urban area expansion. These data, together with a simple water balance, and historical climatic records, were used to explain the drastic decrease in wetland extent. Climatic factors and goundwater are the major driving forces behind the wetland's hydrologic regime. The surface water outflow from the system is greater than the surface water inflow, but this may be affected by the tides. The surface and groundwater systems in the area are closely linked. They have similar responses to rainfall events. Groundwater abstraction in the area appears to have minimal impact on the water level within the wetland. The exact nature and extent of abstraction around the wetland is unknown. The reduction in flood pulsing as a result of channel modification, and the fragmentation of the area for the construction of the oxidation ponds are the likely explanation. The current restoration efforts in regard to controlling pest species and excluding stock from the wetland have halted the decline in wetland area. The future of the Te Harakiki wetland system is now more positive.</p>

Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Permeable Rock ◽  
Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

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