scholarly journals The Investigation of Heat Absorber on the Efficiency of Slanted Double-Slope Solar Distillation Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649
Author(s):  
Nattadon Pannucharoenwong ◽  
Phadungsak Rattanadecho ◽  
Snunkhaem Echaroj ◽  
Suwipong Hemathulin ◽  
Kriengkrai Nabudda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Heat Absorber

A rise in utility consumption in rural areas have promoted the demand for the development of solar-based technologies for water purification system. This research aimed to develop a slanted double-slope solar distillation unit (SDSD) assisted by heat absorbers, which is employed as a distillation unit for generating clear distilled water from underground water. The prototype SDSD distillation unit developed in this research was evaluated based on production efficiency, productivity, distillation rate and temperature measured at different locations inside the device. Significant parameters that were varied included the types of heat absorber used (gasket, rubber, aluminum, high carbon steel and zinc) and the size of heat absorber (10 to 90% of surface area inside the SDSD). Results demonstrated an increase in the production of distilled water as the surface area of heat absorber decreases. This is because a reduction in surface area of the heat absorber allowed a more intense sunlight to enter the system. Maximum productivity peaked at 1.2 liter per day (24.9% efficiency). Monitored data in both the upper and bottom part of the distillation unit revealed the highest distillation rate at 15:00 each day. Distillation rate decreases with water height and insulator’s thermal conductivity, but increase with water speed. Additionally, a mathematical model was proposed which was capable of accurately predicting the production efficiency and productivity as a function of the heat absorber’s size and distillation time. Under the same operating conditions, aluminum was found to generate the best results relative to other types of heat absorber.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Heat Absorber on the Efficiency of Slanted Double-Slope Solar Distillation Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Nattadon Pannucharoenwong ◽  
Phadungsak Rattanadecho ◽  
Snunkhaem Echaroj ◽  
Suwipong Hemathulin ◽  
Kriengkrai Nabudda
Keyword(s):  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Heat Absorber

scholarly journals Experimental Optimization of a Solar Distillation Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 6238-6243
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Water Base ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Today global warming is a big issue. Ambient temperature have drastically increased, leading to severe droughts especially in those areas which receive less than average rainfall. Inadequate supply of quality drinking water especially in the rural areas have led to develop a distillation system with affordable cost and less maintenance in rural areas. Countries like India and South Africa are getting ample amount of solar energy almost throughout the year. Solar based water distillation unit- Solar still can be great solution to those kind of areas. Efficiency of the solar distillation can be improved by increasing evaporation rate which is a function of incident radiation. Further by increasing concentration of total dissolved salts in the water, base plate absorptivity and efficient energy absorbing material, by providing additional heat with solar water pre-heaters efficiency of solar still can be improved. Here experiments were carried out in order to find out optimum water bath depth and salt concentration in water in solar still for maximizing the yield. Experiments are also carried out by adding heat storage material and effect of salt concentration on yield.

scholarly journals Effect of top cover tilt angle with ground surface on productivity of basin type solar distillation unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Hosney Ara Begum ◽  
M Abu Yousuf ◽  
K Siddique E Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Glass Sheet ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Green House ◽  
Solar Distillation

Basin type solar stills were made with two types of top cover, transparent PVC sheet and another with glass sheet. A soaked black towel was at the base which was heated through green-house effect and contributed to the water for distillation. Productivity of these two basin type solar stills were studied at different tilt angles of the top transparent cover with ground surface (13o, 23o and 35o). The average amount of distilled water produced increased with the tilt angles for both types of cover materials, that for glass being much higher than that for PVC cover.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.10 No.1 2017 40-46

scholarly journals The Investigation of Heat Absorber on the Efficiency of Slanted Double-Slope Solar Distillation Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-524
Author(s):  
Nattadon Pannucharoenwong ◽  
Phadungsak Rattanadecho ◽  
Snunkhaem Echaroj ◽  
Suwipong Hemathulin ◽  
Kriengkrai Nabudda
Keyword(s):  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Heat Absorber

Thermal Energy Storage Through Melting of a Commercial Phase Change Material in an Annulus with Radially Divergent Longitudinal Fins

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny Tabassum Mainul Hasan ◽  
Latifa Begum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Change Material

This study reports on the unsteady two-dimensional numerical investigations of melting of a paraffin wax (phase change material, PCM) which melts over a temperature range of 8.7oC. The PCM is placed inside a circular concentric horizontal-finned annulus for the storage of thermal energy. The inner tube is fitted with three radially diverging longitudinal fins strategically placed near the bottom part of the annulus to accelerate the melting process there. The developed CFD code used in Tabassum et al., 2018 is extended to incorporate the presence of fins. The numerical results show that the average Nusselt number over the inner tube surface, the total melt fraction, the total stored energy all increased at every time instant in the finned annulus compared to the annulus without fins. This is due to the fact that in the finned annulus, the fins at the lower part of the annulus promotes buoyancy-driven convection as opposed to the slow conduction melting that prevails at the bottom part of the plain annulus. Fins with two different heights have been considered. It is found that by extending the height of the fin to 50% of the annular gap about 33.05% more energy could be stored compared to the bare annulus at the melting time of 82.37 min for the identical operating conditions. The effects of fins with different heights on the temperature and streamfunction distributions are found to be different. The present study can provide some useful guidelines for achieving a better thermal energy storage system.

scholarly journals A Numerical Investigation into the PAT Hydrodynamic Response to Impeller Rotational Speed Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7998
Author(s):  
Maxime Binama ◽  
Kan Kan ◽  
Hui-Xiang Chen ◽  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
Daqing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Study Results

The utilization of pump as turbines (PATs) within water distribution systems for energy regulation and hydroelectricity generation purposes has increasingly attracted the energy field players’ attention. However, its power production efficiency still faces difficulties due to PAT’s lack of flow control ability in such dynamic systems. This has eventually led to the introduction of the so-called “variable operating strategy” or VOS, where the impeller rotational speed may be controlled to satisfy the system-required flow conditions. Taking from these grounds, this study numerically investigates PAT eventual flow structures formation mechanism, especially when subjected to varying impeller rotational speed. CFD-backed numerical simulations were conducted on PAT flow under four operating conditions (1.00 QBEP, 0.82 QBEP, 0.74 QBEP, and 0.55 QBEP), considering five impeller rotational speeds (110 rpm, 130 rpm, 150 rpm, 170 rpm, and 190 rpm). Study results have shown that both PAT’s flow and pressure fields deteriorate with the machine influx decrease, where the impeller rotational speed increase is found to alleviate PAT pressure pulsation levels under high-flow operating conditions, while it worsens them under part-load conditions. This study’s results add value to a thorough understanding of PAT flow dynamics, which, in a long run, contributes to the solution of the so-far existent technical issues.

Experimental and numerical study of flame structure and emissions in a micro gas turbine combustor

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedant Dwivedi ◽  
Srikanth Hari ◽  
S. M. Kumaran ◽  
B. V. S. S. S. Prasad ◽  
Vasudevan Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

Abstract Experimental and numerical study of flame and emission characteristics in a tubular micro gas turbine combustor is reported. Micro gas turbines are used for distributed power (DP) generation using alternative fuels in rural areas. The combustion and emission characteristics from the combustor have to be studied for proper design using different fuel types. In this study methane, representing fossil natural gas, and biogas, a renewable fuel that is a mixture of methane and carbon-dioxide, are used. Primary air flow (with swirl component) and secondary aeration have been varied. Experiments have been conducted to measure the exit temperatures. Turbulent reactive flow model is used to simulate the methane and biogas flames. Numerical results are validated against the experimental data. Parametric studies to reveal the effects of primary flow, secondary flow and swirl have been conducted and results are systematically presented. An analysis of nitric-oxides emission for different fuels and operating conditions has been presented subsequently.

scholarly journals Mapping RO-Water Desalination System Powered by Standalone PV System for the Optimum Pressure and Energy Saving

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2161
Author(s):  
Mathhar Bdour ◽  
Zakariya Dalala ◽  
Mohammad Al-Addous ◽  
Atef Kharabsheh ◽  
Hadi Khzouz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
High Solar Radiation

Brackish water desalination is widely used to supply fresh water; reverse osmosis (RO) desalination units are considered as the most widespread technology used for this purpose due to the advantage of low power consumption. On the other hand, renewable energy resource integration into the power systems is an important trend, which serves energy supply especially in rural areas and non-stable power supply places. RO units powered from Photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered one of the reliable solutions in places where both water and energy demands are issues to be improved. In this research, the idea of storing energy in water salinity is introduced and discussed to reduce conventional battery storage banks. This concept depends on changing the pressure of the RO unit based on solar profiles to get high distilled water at high solar radiation times (high pressure applied) and low distilled water at low radiation times (low pressure values). Then, the produced water is mixed to get an acceptable salinity in the produced water. This research was applied on a small-scale RO testing unit with a pressure that changed from 40 to 60 bar, and, as a result, the water conductivity changed from 1.7 to 1.1 mS/cm. This was the base line to investigate the possibility of curtailing the battery storage system of the selected plant. Following the variable pressure scenarios, energy storage capacity was reduced by a factor of 20%.

High Specific Surface Area TiO2 Nanospheres for Hydrogen Production and Photocatalytic Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 3217-3224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Haixia Liu ◽  
Junwei Bian ◽  
Tianduo Li ◽  
Baibiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
Good Crystallinity

TiO2 nanospheres with high specific surface area and good crystallinity were prepared by a hydrothermal method using urea as the capping agent and isopropanol as the solvent. The capping agent effectively controlled the morphology of TiO2 nanospheres and led to improved crystallinity. Using a solvent with a long carbon chain, such as isopropanol, also promoted the formation of TiO2 nanospheres. TiO2 nanospheres with different morphologies were prepared by adjusting the amount of urea. It was found that when TiO2-0.6 was used as the photocatalyst, highest rates of degradation of both methylene blue and rhodamine B under ultraviolet-visible light were observed. Moreover TiO2-0.6 also had the largest hydrogen production efficiency among the different TiO2 samples tested. Thus, TiO2 nanospheres have great development potential and application prospects in environmental management and new modes of energy utilization.

Investigation of Grain Anisotropy on Surface Area between Carbon Steel Wire and Die at Drawing

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Stolyarov ◽  
Guzel Kamalova ◽  
Marina Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Deformation Axis ◽  
Secant Line ◽  
The Difference

Drawing is characterized by non-uniform character of plastic deformation, which is transferred from the die to the processed wire. Such impact causes specific change of wire microstructure. In the surface area the thin layer with highly deformed grains is observed. It is important to measure the thickness of this thin layer. For this purpose it is proposed in this paper to use the value of coefficient of anisotropy, which is calculated as the ratio of mean quantity of phase particles, crossed by secant line perpendicular to deformation axis on the unit of secant line length to the mean quantity of phase particles, crossed by secant line parallel to deformation axis on the unit of secant line length. Distribution of coefficient of anisotropy, both for low and high carbon steel wire after drawing, was obtained by Thixomet PRO software. It made it possible to calculate the thickness of highly deformed area automatically taking into consideration the difference of steels microstructure.

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