scholarly journals Employment structure and unemployment in the czech republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Flek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Market Restructuring

Did exceptionally low unemployment between 1990-1996 mean that the CzechRepublic had sacrificed more labour market flexibility and faster changes inthe structure of employmnet in exchange for social stability? Or had thecountry made use of its specific initial conditions and managed to followits own mode of labour market restructuring, without the necessity ofincreasing the rate of unemployment drastically? Does currently increasingunemployment accelerate the coversion of the structure of employment towardsthe EU-15 patterns? In attemting to answer the above questions, the paperargues that the Czech unemployment miracle has disappeared as soon as theparticipation rate had become stable, labour shedding accelerated and theeconomic policies responded to macroeconomic overheating. The main sourcesof structural changes in employment were massive labour force withdrawals inagriculture and industry, coupled with job-to-job movements of labour. But,the process of further structural changes has nearly been stopped, despitethe recent rise in unemployment. Instead of being a driving force of labourmobility, current unemploymnet bears predominantly cyclical features.

scholarly journals Gender unemployment in the Czech and Polish labour market

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Maciej Ryczkowski ◽  
Marek Zinecker
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Unemployment Risk ◽  
The Impact

Making use of EU-Labour Force Survey data, the authors estimated logistic regressions with a maximum likelihood method and found that gender unemployment risk was largely explained by human capital, marital status, receiving financial support, job experience and gender discrimination in both Poland and the Czech Republic. The gender unemployment risk gap amounted to 8% and 10% in Poland and the Czech Republic, respectively. Although the impact of marital status was significant and considerable, married women in the Czech Republic benefited from their marital status on average three times less than men in the Czech Republic, and men and women in Poland. In both countries only women aged below 30 were ‘rewarded’, while women beyond 50 years of age were penalized in terms of unemployment risk. As opposed to that, men up to 60 years old have their unemployment risk reduced all else equalled. The authors argue that this form of possible discrimination in some respects is a better measure of injustice than the commonly used pay gap and it constitutes an alternative dimension of ‘gender inequality’. The results can contribute to better targeted policies against discriminatory practices by enhancing the career paths demanded in the labour market and by breaking the stereotypes rooted in the cultures of Polish and Czech societies

scholarly journals Adapting to the Recession: Labour Force Changes and Labour Costs Reductions

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Gordon ◽  
Peter Brosnan ◽  
Pat Walsh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Financial Pressure

This paper will examine two aspects of the labour market flexibility, namely the ability of the workplaces to adjust their workforce and to reduce their relative labour costs. The survey covers the period ending in May 1991 during which firms faced considerable economic uncertainty and financial pressure. As with the above studies it confirms that considerable flexibility existed in the New Zealand labour market prior to the Employment Contracts Act.

Qualitative research in reproductive medicine: From description to action

Human Affairs ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Konečná ◽  
Tonko Mardešić ◽  
Taťána Rumpíková ◽  
Tomáš Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Czech Republic

AbstractAssisted reproduction (ART), particularly that performed using donated gametes, increases the prospect of healthy babies being delivered to increasing numbers of people striving for parenthood. The psychosocial, ethical and legislative issues related both to the donation and receipt of gametes are perceived as extraordinarily complicated. In 2009, a research project aimed at mapping the issues was drawn up and implemented in the Czech Republic. The project should have provided material for consultation purposes, for the work of ethical and legislative bodies, and for better interdisciplinary and international communication in reproductive medicine. Work on the project was affected by several unforeseen events, particularly by the drafting and adoption of a new law on ART (to which the project was initially to have contributed material once concluded). The article describes the dynamic and structural changes occurring within the project due to drafting of the bill as well as the changes and consequences resulting from other circumstances related to the topic researched.

Labour market flexibility and spatial mobility

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Eamets ◽  
Krista Jaakson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility

Purpose – Recent economic recession has highlighted the role of labour market flexibility as a key factor of competitiveness of a country. Despite the fact that labour mobility can essentially be seen as part of labour market flexibility, there is notable research gap concerning spatial mobility and other facets of labour market flexibility. The purpose of this special issue is to fill these gaps. Design/methodology/approach – The papers in the special issue represent various quantitative methods and databases, whereas mainly micro data (workplace, labour force or immigrant surveys, job search portal, etc.) is used. However, the type of labour market flexibility addressed is both micro- and macro-level. Findings – It is demonstrated that labour occupational mobility is determined by the business cycle, numerical flexibility, occupational categories, and sector. Spatial mobility may have counterintuitive effects on individual occupational mobility depending on gender and it is related to various flexibilities in the workplace. It is also suggested that different types of flexibilities on a firm level are interdependent of each other. Originality/value – The special issue adds to the labour market related knowledge by integrating labour market flexibility and mobility. Individually, both phenomena have been studied before, but not much research is devoted to their inter-linkages. The special issue also contributes by examining labour market flexibility and spatial mobility in the context of different countries, economic cycles, and institutional settings.

scholarly journals Economic Differences of Border Regions in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-582
Author(s):  
Jitka Svobodová ◽  
Ludmila Dömeová ◽  
Andrea Jindrová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Neighbouring Country ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Three Components

The article deals with the economically weak regions in the border areas of the Czech Republic (CR). The main goal is the selection and application of the most important variables, as the methodology of selection and evaluation of economically weak regions is not united. The following research question was formulated as whether the border regions are economically weaker when compared with the Czech Republic average of selected indicators. Two working hypotheses were set: whether the situation of the border regions is different from each other among the border regions and whether the economy of the neighbouring country impacts these disparities in border regions. The secondary goal of this article is to find homogenous clusters and describe these clusters of border regions. The result of the principal component analysis was determination of three components Labour market, Transnational commuters and Population migration. The variables that set up the component Labour Market was found to be the most important for economically weak border regions. The three components were used for cluster analysis and the territories were broken up into four clusters, none of which is above average of the CR with the result that the situation in the border region is dependent on the neighbouring country.

scholarly journals Plus Ca Chage...: The Employment Contracts Act and Non-standard Employment in New Zealand, 1991-1995

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brosnan ◽  
Pat Walsh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Substantial Change

The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyse changes in the incidence and distribution of non-standard employment in New Zealand since the introduction of the Employment Contracts Act in May 1991. Non-standard employment is defined as employment that is not permanent and full-time. The analysis is based upon data from national surveys, one of 2000 workplaces in May 1991 and another of 5,200 workplaces in May 1995. One of the chief policy objectives of the Employment Contracts Act was to enhance labour market flexibility. Non-standard employment is one indicator of labour market flexibility. Accordingly, the degree of change in non-standard employment is one indicator of the Act's success or lack of it in achieving its policy objectives. The results show that the Act has not been associated with a substantial growth in non-standard employment. The 1995 New Zealand labour force looks a lot like the 1991 labour force. The proportion of permanent full-time employees has hardly changed since 1991, and remains at more than two-thirds of the workforce. The two areas of employment to show substantial change were casual employment, which has declined since 1991 and fixed term employment which has increased. The change in casual employment is in the reverse direction from that expected by both critics and supporters of the Act. The data also show, however, that while employers expect permanent full-time employment to remain predominant, they also expect non-standard employment to rise considerably in the next five years.

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