Czech economy in 1998: risks and challenges

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Janáček ◽  
Martin Čihák ◽  
Marie Frýdmanová ◽  
Tomáš Holub ◽  
Eva Zamrazilová
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Government Consumption ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Double Digit

Characteristic for 1997 was a significant slowdown of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth: within the first three quarters, GDP grew by 1.1 %, and our estimate for the whole year is 1.4 %. At the same time 1997 was a turning year with respect to some components of Gross Domestic Product. The growth rate of household consumption decreased substantially (by almost one half). After three years of very dynamic, double-digit growth of gross fixed capital formation, in 1997 investment in fixed capital was falling (a decrease of almost 5%). Government consumption practically stagnated. Growing exports were among the main components of GDP growth, especially in the second halt of 1997.

Growth Determinants of India in Post-economic Reform Period

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation

The economic reforms of the 90s had furnished two props liberalization and globalization, which later changed the growth strategies of the Indian economy. Contextually, the present study made an effort to comprehend the growth rate prevailed in the gross domestic product, gross fixed capital formation, exports and imports via compound growth rate from 1990 to 2017. Further, the study also investigated how well the growth determinants were cointegrated in the post-1990 era. Therefore, a restricted vector autoregressive model was applied. The compound growth rate results articulated that the Indian economy enjoyed a high growth in exports and imports in the post-liberalized era. The findings of the VAR model state that gross fixed capital formation and Export’s had a positive and significant impact on India’s gross domestic product in the long run. On the contrary, imports had a negative and significant impact, implying that an increase in imports will lead to a decline in India’s gross domestic product, which is a well-observed fact in the economic domain. The study observed one-way causality from Gross Domestic Product and Exports. Additionally, a bi-directional causal relationship was observed among export and gross fixed capital formation. The policy perception that the study suggested that government should utilize gross fixed capital formation in those sectors which have preferably more social outreach and potential to strengthen the exports and at the same time also minimize country dependence on imports.

Analyzing and management of health care expenditure and gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate by adaptive neuro-fuzzy technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Mladenović ◽  
Miloš Milovančević ◽  
Svetlana Sokolov Mladenović ◽  
Vladislav Marjanović ◽  
Biljana Petković
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

Estimating the direct contribution of tourism to Rwanda’s economy: Tourism satellite account methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271
Author(s):  
Pius O Odunga ◽  
Geoffrey Manyara ◽  
Mark Yobesia
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
Economic Contribution

The tourism industry is poised to command a significant role in the economy of Rwanda, a low-income developing country that is rapidly transforming into a service-oriented economy. However, the industry does not exist as a distinct entity in a country’s national accounts leading to difficulties in estimating its role. Besides, the existence of a significant informal sector aggravates the situation. This study used tourism satellite accounts approach to estimate the economic contribution of tourism. Using primary data from various tourism surveys, six core tables of the tourism satellite accounts framework are presented to estimate the direct economic contribution of tourism to Rwanda’s economy in 2014. In this year, a total of 1,219,529 international tourists visited the country while 560,000 residents took part in domestic tourism trips resulting in internal tourism expenditure/consumption amounting to RWF 261.2bn. This generated an estimated RWF 197.5bn as gross value added by the tourism characteristic industries. Direct tourism gross value added was estimated at RWF 120.0bn while direct tourism gross domestic product, a measure of the direct effects of internal tourism consumption on gross domestic product of the economy was computed at RWF 128.3bn (or 2.5% of Rwanda’s gross domestic product) in the year. In addition to the core six tourism satellite accounts tables, the levels of tourism employment (about 89,000 jobs) tourism gross fixed capital formation (slightly over RWF 200bn) and tourism collective consumption (over RWF 7bn) were estimated. Under this study, the international methodological recommendations on tourism satellite accounts were implemented for Rwanda. The contribution of tourism to gross domestic product, employment, investment, and collective consumption was quantified and estimated. Informal sector tourism activities were included in these estimates. Gross fixed capital formation and collective consumption estimates are tentative due to conceptual considerations documented by the methodological framework.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Exchange Rate, Inflation, Export and Import on Gross Domestic Product in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Papi Halder
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

This study is about the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on economic growth of Bangladesh. Economic growth of Bangladesh is measured in terms of annual nominal GDP growth rate. Least squared regression model has been employed considering exchange rate, export, import and inflation rate as independent variables and gross domestic product as the dependent variable in this study. The results reveal that export and import have significant positive impact on GDP growth rate. The other variables (exchange rate and inflation) are not significant, indicating that there exists no significant relationship among the variables. The findings will help the policy makers to make policies concerning the country’s economic growth to remain robust in the near future.

scholarly journals The role of monetary policy in the formation of fixed capital in the industrial sector and its impact on gross domestic product in Iraq during the period (1990- 2017): دور السياسة النقدية في تكوين رأس المال الثابت في القطاع الصناعي وأثره على الناتج المحلي الإجمالي في العراق خلال المدة (1990- 2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monem Hussain Ali, Mohsen Owaid Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to activate the role of some variables of monetary policy in influencing the gross domestic product in Iraq, through its impact on the total fixed capital formation of the industrial sector, as the study includes two models: the first is the effect of monetary variables on the total fixed capital formation of the industrial sector, and the second Measuring the extent of the impact of the total fixed capital formation of the industrial sector on the gross domestic product, as the results of the standard analysis showed that monetary policy variables have a significant effect on the gross domestic product indirectly through their impact on the total fixed capital formation of the domestic sector Industrial, through the value of (R2 = 0.98 and R2 = 0.97 respectively) in the two models, which means that (98% and 97%) of the changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variables included in the two models, respectively, as well as the value of (F = 85.00360) And (F=207.7157) for the two models, respectively, at the level of significance of 5% and the probability value (Prob 0.000) to the presence of a common integration between the variables included in the two models, which means a long- term balance relationship, as indicated by the value of (DW = 2.668733) and (DW = 2.345350) for the two models. Respectively, there is no problem of self - correlation of the values ​​of the random variable, and this means that monetary policy affects the gross domestic product of Through the use of cash channels to influence the productive sectors in the industrial sector, which in turn affects the total fixed capital formation of the industrial sector that leads to an increase in the level of economic activity in Iraq.

scholarly journals Key Assessment Indicators of Infrastructure for the Sustainability of Economic Development: An Empirical Investigation of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Ali ◽  
Nazia Nasir ◽  
Tahira Qasim Bano ◽  
Aiman Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation

This study addresses the linkage between the gross domestic product and infrastructure in Pakistan. The time frame taken for this study is from 1977-2019. The information utilized in this study is taken from reliable sources; World Bank. ARDL method is utilized in this study with the assistance of E-VIEWS 10 programming. To consider the effect of infrastructure on GDP; the factors are utilized, for example, gross fixed capital formation, health expenditures, total generation age of power, life expectancy, and government expenditure on education. These factors are utilized as the intermediary of the framework. Gross Domestic Product is taken as the dependent variable while net fixed capital arrangement, health consumption, complete age of power, future, and government uses on schooling are taken as autonomous factors in this paper. The consequences of this study show that the gross fixed capital formation, wellbeing consumption, and workforce have a positive connection to GDP. Then again, the total generation of electricity and government expenditures on schooling adversely affect the economy of Pakistan. The infrastructure is one of the principals and fundamental variables for the improvement of the economy of Pakistan. The helpless state of infrastructure in Pakistan is probably the greatest deterrent in the advancement of the country. The public authority should zero in on the upgrading of the approaches in regards to the infrastructure area, for instance; enhancements in the health sector, progression in the energy area, abilities advancement preparing places for the workforce, and upgrades in the schooling area. All the previously mentioned steps can assist with improving economic development through infrastructural improvement.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Value Added Tax Exemption Policy on Gross Domestic Product in Selected ASEAN Countries Towards a Conducive Business Environment Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-17
Author(s):  
Atty. Prackie Jay T. Acaylar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Exemption Policy ◽  
Asean Countries

Excessive exemption is detrimental to the effectiveness of the whole Value Added Tax system. This research is primarily focused on VAT exemption affecting the business industry as it influences the Gross Domestic Product of the three (3) selected ASEAN countries, namely, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Singapore. The result of the study showed a negative relationship between VAT exemption policy and GDP growth rate among the selected ASEAN economies. Although the VAT collections among the selected ASEAN countries are significantly increasing with the course of time, the results showed that as the number of VAT exemptions increases by one unit, the degree of growth of the GDP is expected to decrease at a rate of 0.900 units. Thus, a conducive business environment may be achieved by decreasing the number of VAT exemptions and, accordingly, increasing the GDP growth rate.

scholarly journals Tingkat Bagi Hasil, Pertumbuhan Likuiditas, dan Produk Domestik Bruto Terhadap Simpanan Mudharabah

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Ismayana Marhamah
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
T Test ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Test Result

This study aims to determine the effect of profit sharing growth, liquidity growth, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, of mudharabah saving growth in general islamic banks. The variables studied are the influence of profit sharing rate, liquidity growth, gross domestic product (GDP) growth as independent variable and mudharabah saving growth as dependent variable. The population in this study are sharia islamic banks registered in Bank Indonesia (BI) and the amount of gross domestic productquarter-year period 2012-2016.The result of hypothesis testing (t test) shows that the profit sharing growth and gross domestic product partially has significant effect to mudharabah saving growth. Then the test result of liquidity growth partially has no effect and not significant to mudharabah saving growth. The results of simultaneous hypothesis test (test F), show that all independent variabels in this study has significant effect to mudharabah saving growth.

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