scholarly journals The Government-Subsidized Supplementary Retirement Savings Scheme: Determinants of Participation Rate and Contribution Size

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Petr Janský
Keyword(s):  
Participation Rate ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
The Government

Do expectations for post-retirement family and government support crowd out pre-retirement savings? Insights from the working-age population in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Nopphol Witvorapong ◽  
Yong Yoon ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Family Transfers ◽  
Retirement Expectations ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government

Abstract Based on nationally representative data (N = 8,901), this study investigates the extent to which expectations for intra-family transfers and government assistance in old age impact the probability of saving for retirement among working-age individuals in Thailand. Results show that expectations for financial non-self-reliance and expectations that family support would constitute the most important source of old-age financial security reduce the probability that working-age individuals would save for retirement. Expectations for government support have no impact on average. Given that filial piety is weakening in Thailand, this study suggests that the government encourage pre-retirement savings more strongly.

scholarly journals Contemporary Indonesian GDP: Context of Analysis at Unemployment, Labor Force and Poor People

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Erwin Kurniawan A. ◽  
Muhammad Awaluddin ◽  
Fitriadi Fitriadi ◽  
Arfiah Busari ◽  
Dio Caisar Darma
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Indonesia is a developing country that has always prioritized sustainable development. In achieving these development goals, Indonesia needs to achieve economic growth by improving population welfare and increasing income. With the form of panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia that have unique characteristics, the author presented them during 2015-2019. Through multiple linear regression, this study seeks to discuss the relationship of unemployment, labor force participation rate, and poor people to Indonesia’s GDP growth. These findings suggest that the three macroeconomic variables have a negative impact on GDP. Regarding GDP growth, only unemployment has an actual effect, while others have no significant effect. The implications of the policies pursued by the government are not only paying attention to economic aspects but social problems that are expected to spur economic development.

scholarly journals Does the New Rural Pension System Promote Farmland Transfer in the Context of Aging in Rural China: Evidence from the CHARLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Yahui Wang ◽  
Qingyuan Yang ◽  
Liangjie Xin ◽  
Jingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The lack or instability of the pension system for the elderly in rural China has become a paramount obstacle for sustainable land transfer, namely land use right transfer among farmers, in the context of aging. The New Rural Pension System (NRPS), a pilot project that provided basic security for the elderly, was implemented in 10% of counties in 2009 and rapidly promoted nationwide in China. This study evaluates the impact of NRPS on farmland transfer by developing econometric models by employing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015. The participation rate in NRPS increased from 25.87% in 2011 to 80.85% in 2015, and the participation rate in farmland transfer rose from 11.56% to 24.04%. Everything else being held equal, the probability of farmers who transferred out their land increased by approximately 13% and the land area has been transferred increased by 11.2% due to participation in NRPS, indicating that the NRPS improved the operation efficiency of land rental market. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis showed that the probability and area mentioned above had a significant upward trend with the increase of the time and insured amount of participation in NRPS, which reduced dependence on farmland for the elderly and promoted the sustainability of land transfer. The government should further encourage farmers to increase the coverage and insured amount of pension system in the context of aging. Meanwhile, a platform to promote land transfer should be established to provide information about land supply and demand and reduce the transaction cost of land rental market.

scholarly journals Payment for Rice Growers to Reduce Using N Fertilizer in the GHG Mitigation Program Driven by the Government: Evidence from Shanghai

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Hai-Ying Gu ◽  
Qing-Mi Hu ◽  
Tian-Qiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Directional Output Distance Function ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The overuse of N fertilizer by rice growers triggers excessive greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, leading to the environmental and climatic problem. However, growers will probably suffer loss in profits if they reduce the use of N fertilizer under the existing technology condition. The payment in market-based or government-driven way may overcome the potential barrier. For the appropriate carbon trading market is absent, the government-driven program will play a role in the payment. Three key issues in the designed program are the price of the payment, the participation rate of rice growers, and the variation of items associated with the social welfare. Due to the difficulty in estimating the economic value, prices of the payment can be set according to shadow prices. This paper applies the parametric directional output distance function to derive shadow prices of CO2 for 308 rice growers in Shanghai from 2008–2015. Average shadow prices range from RMB 1130 to 3769 yuan/ton (or US 163 to 618 $/ton). Taking the year of 2015 as sample, this paper predicts the participation rate (97.08%) of rice growers with the aim of 10% N fertilizer reduction and the specific price of the payment (7.47 yuan/kg). Moreover, this paper discusses on the variation of factors linked with the social welfare, and derive two important relationships from it. In detail, the relationship between the yield of the rice and the reduction of the N fertilizer should be balanced; the relationship between the improvement on the profit of rice growers (or the participation rate) in the program and the payment by the government should also be balanced.

Optimal Retirement Policies with Present-Biased Agents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Cheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Time Inconsistency ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Present Bias ◽  
Optimal Mechanism ◽  
Savings Accounts ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
Retirement Policies

Abstract This paper incorporates quasi–hyperbolic discounting into a Mirrlees taxation model to study the design of retirement policies for present-biased agents. I show that the government can improve the screening of productivity by exploiting time inconsistency. This is done by providing commitment to sophisticated agents and taking advantage of the incorrect beliefs of naïve agents. This can be achieved even if the degrees of present bias and sophistication are private information. I also demonstrate how the government can implement the optimal mechanism using retirement savings accounts and social security benefits.

scholarly journals The Future of Work: The Gig Economy and Pressures on the Tax System

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-97
Author(s):  
Celeste M. Black
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Payroll Tax ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
The Government

In a number of common-law jurisdictions, gig workers (that is, workers who provide services through the use of web-based digital platforms) have recently sought to claim labour protections reserved for employees, such as the minimum wage, sick leave, and protection from unfair dismissal. These cases often involve the application of the multifactorial common-law test of employment to this new context, and the outcomes turn on the specifics of each case. In addition, classification as an employee has ramifications for a variety of tax matters. In this paper, the author considers whether the tax rules currently in place to capture non-standard employment arrangements have sufficient flexibility to capture gig workers. The focus of the analysis is Australian taxes (in particular, income tax, compulsory retirement savings contributions, and payroll tax), but reference is also made to similar issues under the laws of Canada. The author submits that, with respect to Australian income tax, gig work does not present a substantial risk to the tax base as a legal matter; however, a risk to the national revenue base comes from the compliance gap that is exposed when workers are no longer covered by employers' withholding mechanisms but are not picked up by tax administration regimes designed with larger businesses in mind. The author suggests that reliance on the registration of small businesses through the Australian business number, coupled with a new mandatory reporting regime for gig work platforms, would go a long way toward filling the transparency gap, and that doing so would both foster the voluntary compliance of gig workers and provide revenue authorities with data that could be used to detect non-compliance. A real risk exists that many gig workers will be outside the scope of the retirement contributions scheme and payroll tax and that the government, in consequence, will need to consider whether it is appropriate policy to change the law to include these on-demand workers.

Perceived retirement savings adequacy in Hong Kong: an interdisciplinary financial planning model

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEE-LEE CHOU ◽  
KAR-MING YU ◽  
WAI-SUM CHAN ◽  
ALFRED M. WU ◽  
ALEX Y. F. ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Financial Planning ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Goal Clarity ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACTUsing an interdisciplinary model of financial planning, we investigated the factors contributing to perceived adequacy of retirement savings among Hong Kong workers by replicating a previous study of American and Dutch workers. The model was also tested for age differences in the way in which the variables operated within the model. These questions were examined using data from a phone survey conducted with 999 Hong Kong workers in 2012. We examined three psychological factors (future time orientation, goal clarity and financial knowledge), three social support variables (early learning from parents, spousal support and friend support) and three institutional factors (quality of employer pensions, trust in banks and fund managers, and trust in the government), as well as retirement savings planning activity and perceived retirement savings adequacy. Path analyses were used to test the model for the whole sample and separately for younger (N=437) and older (N=562) workers. Although a few age differences were found in the path analyses, the model was found to be useful in explaining the factors contributing to retirement savings planning and practices. Finally, we discuss how our findings differ from those of prior studies, and we assess their theoretical and practical implications.

scholarly journals PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA DALAM PEMILIHAN PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN 2014 DI KOTA MAKASSAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Nur Amaliah ◽  
Muhajirah Hasanuddin ◽  
Alimuddin Said
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The Political ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

This research for knowing the political participation of the urban poor and the factors that affect the political participation of the urban poor in the election of President and Vice President in 2014 in the Village Mangasa Subdistrict Tamalate Makassar. The kind of research is descriptive quantitative research by explaining the political participation of the urban poor, the sample of 30 people in the poor communities selected by purposive sampling. The results showed a participation rate of urban poor in the election of president and vice president in 2014 in the Village Mangasa Tamalate District Makassar. The form of political participation of the poor consists of electoral activities, the lobby, the organization's activities, find connections and acts of violence, political participation Reasons divided on the influence of community groups, availability of facilities, and low motivation. Typology of political participation consists of poor and semi apathetic apathy. As well as political communication is divided into function information and education functions. The political participation of the urban poor is also strongly influenced by factors supporting consisting of Consciousness or the will and the influence of the government, as well as inhibiting factors are factors Environmental and Economic factors. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui partisipasi politik masyarakat miskin kota dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi politik masyarakat miskin kota dalam pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden 2014 di Kelurahan Mangasa Kecamatan Tamalate Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sampelnya sebanyak 30 orang masyarakat miskin yang di pilih secara Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat partisipasi politik masyarakat miskin kota dalam pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden 2014 di Kelurahan Mangasa Kecamatan Tamalate Kota Makassar. Adapun bentuk partisipasi politik masyarakat miskin terdiri dari kegiatan pemilihan, lobby, kegiatan organisasi, mencari koneksi dan tindakan kekerasan, Alasan partisipasi politik terbagi atas pengaruh kelompok masyarakat, ketersediaan sarana, dan rendahnya motivasi. Tipologi partisipasi politik terdiri dari masyarakat miskin apatis dan semi apatis. Serta komunikasi politik terbagi atas fungsi informasi dan fungsi pendidikan. Partisipasi politik masyarakat miskin kota juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendukung yang terdiri dari Kesadaran atau kemauan dan pengaruh pemerintah, serta faktor penghambat yaitu faktor Lingkungan dan faktor Ekonomi.

scholarly journals Les sources de la détérioration de la position relative des jeunes et des femmes sur le marché du travail au Québec

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Guindon
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government

Abstract This study analyzes the causes of unemployment fluctuations in Quebec since 1962 according to age and sex. The author distinguishes between the cyclical and structural component of unemployment rates. Referring to the expansionary peak of 1966, he establishes that 50% of the rise in the female unemployment rate is of structural matter, whereas 80% of the rise in the youth unemployment rate comes from the demand deficiency. The structural factors appear in two groups of variables: the socio-demographic variables (the baby boom and the rise in the female participation rate) and the policy variables which include the generosity index of the unemployment insurance program, the relative minimum wage, and the relative earnings in the public and parapublic sector. This study shows that the policy factors have played a prominent part inside the structural component of unemployment rates during the 70's, especially for young men. Nearly 60% of the increase in the global structural unemployment rate since 1962 has been attributed to the government policies analyzed in this study, and nearly 30% has been issued solely from the government wage policy. For the author, the most important step to jump in order to improve the employment situation in Quebec remains the elimination of the three percentage points of purely cyclical unemployment that persisted in 1980 and 1981 (7 to 9 in 1982). The second one would be to bring back the average earnings in the public and parapublic sector closer to the average earnings in the private sector. The introduction of these policies coupled with the demographic forecast of StatisticsCanada would give a better employment surrounding for youth, but would only slow down the increase in the female unemployment rates.

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