scholarly journals Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Engineering Discipline Selection

Author(s):  
Kerry Meyers ◽  
Gregory Bucks ◽  
Kathleen Harper ◽  
Victoria Goodrich
Author(s):  
Bob Blankenberger ◽  
Sophia Gehlhausen Anderson ◽  
Eric Lichtenberger

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-021-09646-8


1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Buchanan ◽  
Loren E. Lomasky

There are no first principles etched in stone from which all moral philosophers must take their bearings. We must deliberately choose our point of departure in any attempt to respond to the question: “Must any defensible theory of justice incorporate both a commitment to personal liberty and to economic equality?” Basic to our own approach is a suspicion of seers and visionaries who espy an external source of values independent from human choices. We presuppose, instead, that political philosophy commences with individual evaluation.1 A near-corollary of this presupposition is that each individual's preferences ought to be taken into account equally with those of others. That is, we suppose that there is no privileged evaluator, whose preferences are accorded decisive weight. Conceptual unanimity as a criterion for institutional evaluation follows naturally from the other two presuppositions. If there is neither an external standard of value nor a corps of resident value experts, only unanimity can ultimately be satisfactory as a test of social desirability. Our perspective then is subjectivist, individualist, and unanimitarian.These presuppositions inform our contractarian analysis. There are, however, two separate contractarian traditions that we shall find useful to distinguish, the “Hobbesian” and the “Rawlsian.” In the first, persons find themselves in the anarchistic war of each against all. They contract away their natural liberties in exchange for the order that civil society – through its sovereign – affords. In this contracting process, individuals are assumed to possess full self-knowledge; they know who they are, what conceptions of the good they hold, and what their endowments are.


2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. AB540
Author(s):  
Marc F. Catalano ◽  
Naser M. Khan ◽  
Michael Lajin ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Joseph B. Henderson

Urology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C Walsh ◽  
Penny Marschke ◽  
William J Catalona ◽  
Herbert Lepor ◽  
Sighle Martin ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Anastasios M. Ioannides

Application of fracture mechanics concepts developed in various branches of engineering to the pavement problem can address current limitations, thereby advancing considerably existing pavement design procedures. The state of the art in fracture mechanics applications to pavement engineering is summarized, and an in-depth discussion of one of the major concerns in such applications, the specimen-size effect, is provided. It is concluded that the fictitious crack model proposed by Hillerborg appears most promising for computerized application to pavements. The similitude concepts developed by Bache will be very useful in such efforts. Both the desirability and the scarcity of suitable candidates to replace Miner’s cumulative linear fatigue hypothesis in conventional pavement design are confirmed. Fracture mechanics is shown to be a very promising engineering discipline from which innovations could be transplanted to pavement activities. Nonetheless, it is pointed out that rather slow progress characterizes fracture mechanics developments in general. Pavement engineers clearly need to remain abreast of and involved in fracture mechanics activities.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
George A. Hazelrigg ◽  
Donald G. Saari

Abstract The derivation of a theory of systems engineering has long been complicated by the fact that there is little consensus within the systems engineering community regarding precisely what systems engineering is, what systems engineers do, and what might constitute reasonable systems engineering practices. To date, attempts at theories fail to accommodate even a sizable fraction of the current systems engineering community, and they fail to present a test of validity of systems theories, analytical methods, procedures or practices. This paper presents a more theoretical and more abstract approach to the derivation of a theory of systems engineering that has the potential to accommodate a broad segment of the systems engineering community and present a validity test. It is based on a simple preference statement: “I want the best system I can get.” From this statement, it is argued that a very rich theory can be obtained. Whereas most engineering disciplines are framed around a core set of widely accepted physical laws, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to frame an engineering discipline around a preference.


Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curto ◽  
Aklan ◽  
Mulder ◽  
Mils ◽  
Schmidt ◽  
...  

Clinical outcome of hyperthermia depends on the achieved target temperature, therefore target conformal heating is essential. Currently, invasive temperature probe measurements are the gold standard for temperature monitoring, however, they only provide limited sparse data. In contrast, magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT) provides unique capabilities to non-invasively measure the 3D-temperature. This study investigates MRT accuracy for MR-hyperthermia hybrid systems located at five European institutions while heating a centric or eccentric target in anthropomorphic phantoms with pelvic and spine structures. Scatter plots, root mean square error (RMSE) and Bland–Altman analysis were used to quantify accuracy of MRT compared to high resistance thermistor probe measurements. For all institutions, a linear relation between MRT and thermistor probes measurements was found with R2 (mean ± standard deviation) of 0.97 ± 0.03 and 0.97 ± 0.02, respectively for centric and eccentric heating targets. The RMSE was found to be 0.52 ± 0.31 °C and 0.30 ± 0.20 °C, respectively. The Bland-Altman evaluation showed a mean difference of 0.46 ± 0.20 °C and 0.13 ± 0.08 °C, respectively. This first multi-institutional evaluation of MR-hyperthermia hybrid systems indicates comparable device performance and good agreement between MRT and thermistor probes measurements. This forms the basis to standardize treatments in multi-institution studies of MR-guided hyperthermia and to elucidate thermal dose-effect relations.


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