scholarly journals Incorporating Public Policy Into An Engineering Course: Voluntary Programs For Mobile Source Emission Reductions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Voluntary Programs ◽  
Source Emission

scholarly journals Monetized health benefits attributable to mobile source emission reductions across the United States in 2025

2019 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 2490-2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wolfe ◽  
Kenneth Davidson ◽  
Charles Fulcher ◽  
Neal Fann ◽  
Margaret Zawacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Source Emission

scholarly journals Modeled and observed ozone sensitivity to mobile-source emissions in Mexico City

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zavala ◽  
W. Lei ◽  
M. J. Molina ◽  
L. T. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Past

Abstract. The emission characteristics of mobile sources in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) have changed significantly over the past few decades in response to emission control policies, advancements in vehicle technologies and improvements in fuel quality, among others. Along with these changes, concurrent non-linear changes in photochemical levels and criteria pollutants have been observed, providing a unique opportunity to understand the effects of perturbations of mobile emission levels on the photochemistry in the region using observational and modeling approaches. The observed historical trends of ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) suggest that ozone production in the MCMA has changed from a low to a high VOC-sensitive regime over a period of 20 years. Comparison of the historical emission trends of CO, NOx and hydrocarbons derived from mobile-source emission studies in the MCMA from 1991 to 2006 with the trends of the concentrations of CO, NOx, and the CO/NOx ratio during peak traffic hours also indicates that fuel-based fleet average emission factors have significantly decreased for CO and VOCs during this period whereas NOx emission factors do not show any strong trend, effectively reducing the ambient VOC/NOx ratio. This study presents the results of model analyses on the sensitivity of the observed ozone levels to the estimated historical changes in its precursors. The model sensitivity analyses used a well-validated base case simulation of a high pollution episode in the MCMA with the mathematical Decoupled Direct Method (DDM) and the standard Brute Force Method (BFM) in the 3-D CAMx chemical transport model. The model reproduces adequately the observed historical trends and current photochemical levels. Comparison of the BFM and the DDM sensitivity techniques indicates that the model yields ozone values that increase linearly with NOx emission reductions and decrease linearly with VOC emission reductions only up to 30% from the base case. We further performed emissions perturbations from the gasoline fleet, diesel fleet, all mobile (gasoline plus diesel) and all emission sources (anthropogenic plus biogenic). The results suggest that although large ozone reductions obtained in the past were from changes in emissions from gasoline vehicles, currently significant benefits could be achieved with additional emission control policies directed to regulation of VOC emissions from diesel and area sources that are high emitters of alkenes, aromatics and aldehydes.

scholarly journals Designing On-Road Vehicle Test Programs for the Development of Effective Vehicle Emission Models

2005 ◽  
Vol 1941 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Younglove ◽  
George Scora ◽  
Matthew Barth
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Error ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mobile Vehicle ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
Road Emission ◽  
Source Emission

Mobile source emission models for years have depended on laboratory-based dynamometer data. Recently, however, portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) have become commercially available and in widespread use, and make on-road real-world measurements possible. As a result, the newest mobile source emission models (e.g., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's mobile vehicle emission simulator) are becoming increasingly dependent on PEMS data. Although on-road measurements are made under more realistic conditions than laboratory-based dynamometer test cycles, they introduce influencing variables that must be carefully measured for properly developed emission models. Further, test programs that simply measure in-use driving patterns of randomly selected vehicles will result in models that can effectively predict current-year emission inventories for typical driving conditions. However, when predicting more aggressive transportation operations than current typical operations (e.g., higher speeds, accelerations), the model predictions will be less certain. In this paper, various issues associated with on-road emission measurements and modeling are presented. Further, an example on-road emission data set and the reduction in estimation error through the addition of a short aggressive driving test to the in-use data are examined. On the basis of these results, recommendations are made on how to improve the on-road test programs for developing more robust emission models.

scholarly journals Dynamic Congestion and Tolls with Mobile Source Emission

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 818-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Friesz ◽  
Ke Han ◽  
Hongcheng Liu ◽  
Tao Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Source ◽  
Source Emission

Comparison of the MOVES2010a, MOBILE6.2, and EMFAC2007 mobile source emission models with on-road traffic tunnel and remote sensing measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1134-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Fujita ◽  
David E. Campbell ◽  
Barbara Zielinska ◽  
Judith C. Chow ◽  
Christian E. Lindhjem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Traffic Tunnel ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
Source Emission

scholarly journals Modeled and observed ozone sensitivity to mobile-source emissions in Mexico City

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 14991-15030 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zavala ◽  
W. F. Lei ◽  
M. J. Molina ◽  
L. T. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Past

Abstract. The emission characteristics of mobile sources in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) have changed significantly over the past few decades in response to emission control policies, advancements in vehicle technologies and improvements in fuel quality, among others. Along with these changes, concurrent non-linear changes in photochemical levels and criteria pollutants have been observed, providing a unique opportunity to understand the effects of perturbations of mobile emission levels on the photochemistry in the region using observational and modeling approaches. The observed historical trends of ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) suggest that ozone production in the MCMA has changed from a low to a high VOC-sensitive regime over a period of 20 years. Comparison of the historical emission trends of CO, NOx and hydrocarbons derived from mobile-source emission studies in the MCMA from 1991 to 2006 with the trends of the concentrations of CO, NOx, and the CO/NOx ratio during peak traffic hours also indicates that fuel-based fleet average emission factors have significantly decreased for CO and VOCs during this period whereas NOx emission factors do not show any strong trend, effectively reducing the ambient VOC/NOx ratio. This study presents the results of model analyses on the sensitivity of the observed ozone levels to the estimated historical changes in its precursors. The model sensitivity analyses used a well-validated base case simulation of a high pollution episode in the MCMA with the mathematical Decoupled Direct Method (DDM) and the standard Brute Force Method (BFM) in the 3-D CAMx chemical transport model. The model reproduces adequately the observed historical trends and current photochemical levels. Comparison of the BFM and the DDM sensitivity techniques indicates that the model yields ozone values that increase linearly with NOx emission reductions and decrease linearly with VOC emission reductions only up to 30% from the base case. We further performed emissions perturbations from the gasoline fleet, diesel fleet, all mobile (gasoline plus diesel) and all emission sources (anthropogenic plus biogenic). The results suggest that although large ozone reductions obtained in the past were from changes in emissions from gasoline vehicles, currently significant benefits could be achieved with additional emission control policies directed to regulation of VOC emissions from diesel and area sources that are high emitters of alkenes, aromatics and aldehydes.

Mobile source emission inventory model. Application to Paris area

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1965-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sallès ◽  
J. Janischewski ◽  
A. Jaecker-Voirol ◽  
B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Model Application ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Source Emission
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