scholarly journals Analysis Of Laminated Composites: A Web Based Computer Program Based On Classical Lamination Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Aguiniga ◽  
Hector Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Laminated Composites ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Classical Lamination Theory ◽  
Lamination Theory

Additive manufactured multi-material structure with directional specific mechanical properties based upon classical lamination theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1212-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugavaneswaran M. ◽  
Arumaikkannu G.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Classical Lamination Theory ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Lamination Theory

Purpose This paper aims to additive manufacture (AM) the multi-material (MM) structure with directional-specific mechanical properties based on the classical lamination theory of composite materials. Design/methodology/approach The polyjet three-dimensional printing (3DP) process is used to fabricate the MM structure with directional-specific mechanical properties. MMs within a layer are positioned and oriented based on the classical lamination theory to achieve directional-specific properties. Mechanical behavior of the AM structure was examined under various loading conditions to justify the directional-specific properties. Findings With MM processing capabilities of the polyjet 3DP machine, AM MM structures with directional-specific mechanical properties were fabricated. From experimentation, it was observed that the AM MM structure with a quasi-isotropic laminate has superior tensile and flexural strength, and the AM MM structure with an angle ply laminate has superior shear strength. Various mechanical properties determined through testing will be useful for the selection of an appropriate layup arrangement within a structure for appropriate loading conditions. Originality/value This study presents the innovative methodology for the fabrication of AM MM structures with tailor-made mechanical properties. The developed methodology paves way for using the polyjet 3DP MM structure for applications such as the complaint mechanism, snap fits and thin features, which require directional-specific properties.

scholarly journals An Internet-Based Tool for Weather Risk Management

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum G. Turvey ◽  
Michael Norton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Weather Risk ◽  
Weather Risk Management ◽  
Weather Insurance

This paper introduces a web-based computer program designed to evaluate weather risk management and weather insurance in the United States. The paper outlines the economics of weather risk in terms of agricultural production and household well-being; defines weather risk in terms of intensity, duration, and frequency; and illustrates the computer program use by comparing heat and precipitation risks at Ardmore, Oklahoma, and Ithaca, New York.

On plane stress and plane strain in classical lamination theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Haynes ◽  
Julia Cline ◽  
Brian Shonkwiler ◽  
Erian Armanios
Keyword(s):  
Plane Strain ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Classical Lamination Theory ◽  
Lamination Theory

Analysis of Wood Laminated Beams Reinforced with Sisal Fibres

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilson Tadeu Mascia ◽  
Raul Martini Mayer ◽  
Reinaldo Washington Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Laminated Beams ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
Section Method ◽  
Classical Lamination Theory ◽  
Lamination Theory ◽  
Laminated Structures ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

Natural fibres have recently raised attention for presenting adequate mechanical characteristics for the reinforcement of wood structural elements. The use of both natural fibres, in laminated beams and wood from reforestation, is in accordance with the current economic interest and sustainable appeal. This paper focuses on the analysis the viability of sisal fibre use, in wood laminated structures as a reinforcing material, taking three methods into consideration: Stress functions, Classical lamination theory and Transformed section method. The laminated beams were reinforced by sisal strips with a thickness of 2 mm and constituted by the species of wood: Pinus (Pinus sp). Each lamina has the following dimensions: width of 5 cm, height of 10 cm and length of 150 cm. It was noted that the differences between the results from the classical lamination theory and transformed section method were, in an average of 14 % and 16 % for normal and shear stresses respectively. The difference of 12 % for displacements is a normal result taking into account that the span used is considered high for this wood species. In relation to the stress function method, the differences are minimal, around less than 1% for all analyses. It was also noted that the beam with reinforcement presented a decrease of the values of normal and shear stresses and displacements in relation a beam without reinforcing fibres. This decrease was of the order of 8% for the normal and 5% for the shear stresses and 12 % for the displacements In general, the strengthening of wood laminated beams with sisal fibres is more effective for structures that are used only in wood structural elements, in which the elastic modulus is at least equal to these fibres.

Analysis of the Non-Linear Behavior of ECLIPSE Actuators

Aerospace ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle G. Webber ◽  
Christopher S. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Classical Lamination Theory ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Lamination Theory

This work discusses the development and characterization of rectangular shaped Epoxy Composite Laminated Piezoelectric Stress-Enhanced actuators (ECLIPSE). ECLIPSE actuators are unimorph type d31 actuators that are manufactured with a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) plate sandwiched between unidirectional Kevlar 49/epoxy composite layers with dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion in orthogonal directions. Cooling the actuator from an elevated curing temperature resulted in a residual stress gradient through the actuator, a compressive stress on the brittle piezoelectric plate, and a large out-of-plane deformation. Extended classical lamination theory (ECLT) is used to model the residual stress state and curvature of the actuator. The model results are compared to the classical lamination theory. The ECLT was developed by Hyer to explain the non-linear behavior of unsymmetric cross-ply laminates [1-3]. Three actuator layups were fabricated and characterized: [90/PZT/90/0], [90/90/PZT/90/0/0], and [90/90/90/PZT/90/0/0/0]. It is shown that geometric non-linearity is important to consider when modeling ECLIPSE actuators.

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