Household Composting Toilets for Agriculture in Malawi

10.18258/4997 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Cunningham Lauren Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Composting Toilets

Development and application of EEAST: A life cycle based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Devkota ◽  
H. Schlachter ◽  
C. Anand ◽  
R. Phillips ◽  
Defne Apul
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Composting Toilets

Integrated urban water management in commercial buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-867
Author(s):  
S. Trowsdale ◽  
J. Gabe ◽  
R. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Composting Toilets ◽  
Annual Water

Monitoring results are presented as an annual water balance from the pioneering Landcare Research green building containing commercial laboratory and office space. The building makes use of harvested roof runoff to flush toilets and urinals and irrigate glasshouse experiments, reducing the demand for city-supplied water and stormwater runoff. Stormwater treatment devices also manage the runoff from the carpark, helping curb stream degradation. Composting toilets and low-flow tap fittings further reduce the water demand. Despite research activities requiring the use of large volumes of water, the demand for city-supplied water is less than has been measured in many other green buildings. In line with the principles of sustainability, the composting toilets produce a useable product from wastes and internalise the wastewater treatment process.

Composting toilets as a sustainable alternative to urban sanitation – A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirjiv K. Anand ◽  
Defne S. Apul
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sanitation ◽  
Composting Toilets

scholarly journals Ecological Sanitation in Tropical Environments: Quantifying the Inactivation Rates of Microbiological Parameters During a Feces-Based Composting Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Effebi Kokoh Rose ◽  
Ouattara Issouf ◽  
Ouattara Koffi Nouho ◽  
Kouadio Louis
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Fecal Bacteria ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Composting Toilets

Dry composting toilets are increasingly being used as practical sanitation systems in areas with inadequate sewage disposal and inefficient (or inexistent) hydraulic network. In Côte d’Ivoire, the by-products from such systems are progressively used in peri-urban agriculture as organic fertilizer, most of the times regardless of any hygienic quality assessment; constituting thereby a major health risk. The main objective of this study was to assess the inactivation rates of key microbiological parameters [i.e., total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS) and Ascaris lumbricoides (AL)] during the composting process of fecal matters from dry composting toilets. Feces from dry composting toilets pits located at Abobo- Sabgé, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, were collected every two weeks from February to June 2017 and their microbiological contents, along with two physico-chemical characteristics (moisture content and pH) were analyzed. Results revealed noticeable concentration decreases for all the microbiological parameters, except AL. The concentrations dropped from 7.72 to 3.93, 7.61 to 2.70, and 7.10 to 3.11 (log FCU/g) for TC, FC and FS, respectively, during the monitoring period. Regarding AL, there was an increase during the first 29 days, then a decrease in their concentrations over the last 3 months. Furthermore, the study revealed that all fecal bacteria followed a first-order kinetic with the inactivation rates being 0.31, 0.24, and 0.21 d-1 for FC, TC and FS, respectively. The amount of fecal bacteria in the composts suggests that an additional time is required for maturation before any uses of such material as fertilizer.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mineral Macronutrients Kinetics During Faeces-Based Composting Process in Composting Toilets

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Effebi Kokoh Rose ◽  
Kouame Bene Lucien ◽  
Kouassi Yeboua Firmin ◽  
Kouadio Louis ◽  
Gone Droh Lancine
Keyword(s):  
Additional Time ◽  
Total N ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Composting Toilets ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Stable Variation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
By Products

Given the environmental concerns and public health risks that could arise, the use of composting toilets by-products requires compliance with quality standards beforehand. However, such quality assessment is often lacking for those by-products in rapidly urbanizing sub-Saharan cities. This study examines the kinetics of major mineral nutrients [i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), which are among the key indicators of a compost’s stability] during a composting process of fecal matters from composting toilets. The monitoring was carried out at Abobo-Sagbé, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire over a 4.5-month period. Feces-based compost data collected on 6 different dates (i.e., on the 28th , 48th , 62nd , 76th , 90th , and 133nd day from the start of the composting process) were analyzed, and screened for their contents in total N, total P and K. Results showed a rapid decrease of the content of all three elements during the first 29 days, followed by a sharp increase, especially for P and K, and then a quite stable variation during the last 2 months of the monitoring. Variations of C/N ratio during the study were similar to those reported previously. Although the proportions of P and K were satisfactory at the end of the monitoring period, the final C/N ratio was relatively high compared to suitable ratios characterizing mature composts, suggesting therefore additional time may be required before any use of the compost as fertilizer in agriculture.

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