How do amphibious fishes find their way around on land?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Bressman Noah Bressman
Keyword(s):  
Amphibious Fishes

More than Breathing Air: Evolutionary Drivers and Physiological Implications of an Amphibious Lifestyle in Fishes

Physiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy J. Turko ◽  
Giulia S. Rossi ◽  
Patricia A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Physiology ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Amphibious Fishes

Amphibious and aquatic air-breathing fishes both exchange respiratory gasses with the atmosphere, but these fishes differ in physiology, ecology, and possibly evolutionary origins. We introduce a scoring system to characterize interspecific variation in amphibiousness and use this system to highlight important unanswered questions about the evolutionary physiology of amphibious fishes.

scholarly journals Widespread use of emersion and cutaneous ammonia excretion in Aplocheiloid killifishes

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1884) ◽  
pp. 20181496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Livingston ◽  
Vikram V. Bhargav ◽  
Andy J. Turko ◽  
Jonathan M. Wilson ◽  
Patricia A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Ammonia Accumulation ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Kryptolebias Marmoratus ◽  
Amphibious Fishes ◽  
New Strategies

The invasion of land required amphibious fishes to evolve new strategies to avoid toxic ammonia accumulation in the absence of water flow over the gills. We investigated amphibious behaviour and nitrogen excretion strategies in six phylogenetically diverse Aplocheiloid killifishes ( Anablepsoides hartii, Cynodonichthys hildebrandi, Rivulus cylindraceus , Kryptolebias marmoratus, Fundulopanchax gardneri , and Aplocheilus lineatus ) in order to determine if a common strategy evolved . All species voluntarily emersed (left water) over several days, and also in response to environmental stressors (low O 2 , high temperature). All species were ammoniotelic in water and released gaseous ammonia (NH 3 volatilization) during air exposure as the primary route for nitrogen excretion. Metabolic depression, urea synthesis, and/or ammonia accumulation during air exposure were not common strategies used by these species. Immunostaining revealed the presence of ammonia-transporting Rhesus proteins (Rhcg1 and Rhcg2) in the skin of all six species, indicating a shared mechanism for ammonia volatilization. We also found Rhcg in the skin of several other fully aquatic fishes, implying that cutaneous ammonia excretion is not exclusive to amphibious fishes. Overall, our results demonstrate that similar nitrogen excretion strategies while out of water were used by all killifish species tested; possibly the result of shared ancestral amphibious traits, phenotypic convergence, or a combination of both.

Aspects of the Physiology of Terrestrial Life in Amphibious Fishes

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
MALCOLM S. GORDON ◽  
INGE BOËTIUS ◽  
DAVID H. EVANS ◽  
ROSEMARY McCARTHY ◽  
LARRY C. OGLESBY
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Amphibious Fishes ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

1. A study has been carried out of major aspects of the physiological adaptations for terrestrial life possessed by the amphibious mudskipper fish, Periophthalmus sobrinus, on the island of Nosy Bé, Madagascar. 2. These fish can survive for approximately 1½ days out of water, if not exposed to severe dehydration or thermal stresses. Evaporative water-loss rates while out of water are relatively low. Upper lethal temperatures are only a few degrees above normal midday environmental temperatures. 3. These fish lack the symptoms of the ‘diving syndrome’. Metabolic rates (oxygen consumption), heart rates, and blood lactic acid concentrations are not affected by shifts of fish between water and air. 4. Rates of ammonia and urea production increase in fish out of water. The ratio of urea/ammonia also increases. 5. The generality of the results, also their physiological significance, are discussed.

scholarly journals Evolutionary and cardio‐respiratory physiology of air‐breathing and amphibious fishes

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Damsgaard ◽  
Vikram B. Baliga ◽  
Eric Bates ◽  
Warren Burggren ◽  
David J. McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Amphibious Fishes

scholarly journals Out of the frying pan into the air—emersion behaviour and evaporative heat loss in an amphibious mangrove fish ( Kryptolebias marmoratus )

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 20150689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Gibson ◽  
Emma V. A. Sylvester ◽  
Andy J. Turko ◽  
Glenn J. Tattersall ◽  
Patricia A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Behavioural Avoidance ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Kryptolebias Marmoratus ◽  
Amphibious Fishes ◽  
High Humidity Environment

Amphibious fishes often emerse (leave water) when faced with unfavourable water conditions. How amphibious fishes cope with the risks of rising water temperatures may depend, in part, on the plasticity of behavioural mechanisms such as emersion thresholds. We hypothesized that the emersion threshold is reversibly plastic and thus dependent on recent acclimation history rather than on conditions during early development. Kryptolebias marmoratus were reared for 1 year at 25 or 30°C and acclimated as adults (one week) to either 25 or 30°C before exposure to an acute increase in water temperature. The emersion threshold temperature and acute thermal tolerance were significantly increased in adult fish acclimated to 30°C, but rearing temperature had no significant effect. Using a thermal imaging camera, we also showed that emersed fish in a low humidity aerial environment (30°C) lost significantly more heat (3.3°C min −1 ) than those in a high humidity environment (1.6°C min −1 ). In the field, mean relative humidity was 84%. These results provide evidence of behavioural avoidance of high temperatures and the first quantification of evaporative cooling in an amphibious fish. Furthermore, the avoidance response was reversibly plastic, flexibility that may be important for tropical amphibious fishes under increasing pressures from climatic change.

Respiration of the amphibious fishes Periophthalmus cantonensis and Boleophthalmus chinensis in water and on land

1976 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Tamura ◽  
H. Morii ◽  
M. Yuzuriha
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Terrestrial Habitat ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Amphibious Fishes

1. The routine oxygen consumption by Periophthalmus cantonensis and Boleophthalmus chinensis in water increased geometrically, whereas that in air increased logarithmically with temperature. At temperatures of more than 20 degrees C the oxygen uptake of both species was greater in water than in air. 2. When the fishes were able freely to select either an aquatic or terrestrial habitat, the total oxygen consumption of Periophthalmus and Boleophthalmus was 236 and 110 ml/kg, h at 20 degrees C respectively; 66% (Periophthalmus) and 70% (Boleophthalmus) of the total uptake was from water, and 34 and 30% of the total uptake was from air at 20 +/− 1 degrees C. 3. Oxygen uptake of fish limited to aquatic or terrestial life was less than when they could freely select their habitat; for Periophthalmus, uptake was reduced to 83% when confined in water and to 50% in air, and for Bolephthalmus, to 65% in water and to 43% in air. 4. The proportion of oxygen uptake by the gill in water was 52% for Periophthalmus and 59% for Boleophthalmus; in air the corresponding figures were 27 and 52%. 5. The proportions of oxygen uptake via the skin in water was 48% for Periophthalmus and 36% for Boleophthalmus; in air the corresponding figures were 76 and 43%. 6. It is concluded that, on land, Periophthalmus relies mainly on its skin and Boleophthalmus relies mainly on its gills.

scholarly journals A Gastrointestinal Metagenomic Study On Mudskippers Supports Their Terrestrial Adaptation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Dong ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Bing Chen ◽  
Yuqi Huang ◽  
Peng Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Potential Functions ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Literature Mining ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Metagenomic Study ◽  
Amphibious Fishes ◽  
Genome Level

Abstract -Purpose: The adaptability of blue-spotted mudskipper (Boleophthalmus Periophthalmodon; BP) and giant-fin mudskipper (Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus; PM), has been previously reported at the genome level to explain their amphibious life. However, the roles of GI microbiota in their adaptation to the terrestrial life are worth exploring. -Methods: In this study, we mainly utilized metagenomic data from these two representative mudskippers and typical aquicolous fish species to obtain microbial composition, diversity, abundance and potential functions of GI microbiota for comparisons between amphibious and aquicolous fishes. Meanwhile, we summarized the GI microbiota results of representative seawater fishes, freshwater fishes, amphibians, and terrestrial animals by literature mining for comparing those of the mudskippers. -Result: Interestingly the content for each dominant phylum was strikingly different among BP, PM and aquicolous fishes. We also observed that the profile of GI microbiota in mudskippers owned the typical bacterial families for the terrestrial animals, (freshwater and seawater) fishes, and amphibians at the same time, which is consistent with their life style of water-to-land and freshwater to seawater transition. More interestingly, certain bacteria strains like S24-7, previously thought to be specific in terrestrial animals, were also identified in both BP and PM. -Conclusion: The various composite and diversity of mudskipper GI microflora are therefore considered to conduce to their terrestrial adaptation in these amphibious fishes.

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