Shaping political trust through participatory governance in Lat in America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesalia Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Participatory Governance ◽  
Participatory Institutions

This paper critically assesses research that examines the link between participatory institutions and political trust in the context of developing countries, with a focus on Latin America. A significant limitation in the systematic accumulation of knowledge in this field is inattention to identifying a clear causal chain through which citizen participation shapes political, economic, and attitudinal outcomes such as political trust. This is particularly important in the Latin American case where constitutionally stated objectives of participatory governance include the improvement of citizen welfare as well as strengthening of political trust in public institutions. Future work should concentrate in providing clear and testable models of the complex relationship between participatory mechanisms, policy, governance, and trust, with particular attention to what mediates and moderates this relationship. Additionally, empirical work done of the Latin America case should move away from a predominantly case-study based and macro-level perspective in the study of participatory institutions to micro-level studies from the citizens point of view. A new frontier for the study of participatory governance in Latin America lies in understanding how citizens experiences with and expectations of participatory institutions as well as the policy outcomes delivered by these institutions shape political trust.

scholarly journals Elections and local government performance in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (83) ◽  
pp. 580-599
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz Costa Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
National Analysis

Abstract The 1988 federal Constitution introduced a complex and innovative institutional arrangement that not only reestablished political rights and democratic procedures, but also reinforced decentralization as a fundamental guideline for policy implementation in Brazil. As a result, municipalities have become pivotal actors in the policymaking process. Scholars of Latin American politics have given much emphasis to the causes and determinants of decentralization, but not much has been done toward a more general understanding of how this increased decentralization has affected policymaker behavior and policy outcomes. This paper aims to do exactly that. Specifically, it investigates how institutional arrangements and electoral competition affect local government performance. The theoretical basis is the electoral democratic theory that broadly highlights elections as instruments of citizen control in retrospective and prospective voting approaches. The research employs a large-N cross sub-national analysis based on a dataset of electoral, partisan, socioeconomic and public financial information collected from over 5500 municipalities. Local governments’ performance, our dependent variables, are synthetic indicators formulated from 2009 nationwide surveys on public education, health, housing and welfare services. The OLS regression results confirm the hypothesis that politics variables do matter in how politicians make decisions and implement policy under the new Brazilian democratic Era. The empirical evidences suggest that electoral competition does not present a direct effect on government performance, however, ideology and citizen participation do. Therefore, this paper helps to expand our understanding of a political system’s impact on public policy outputs, which is extremely important not only for academic purpose but also to support policymakers’ decisions.

scholarly journals The control of Latin American trypanosomiasis

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
American Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Triatomine Bugs ◽  
Latin America Countries

The author presents his personal point of view on the present situation of Chagas' disease control in Latin America countries. He compares the situation with African trypanosomiasis. He comments on the existence of cases in other Continents. He emphazises the success of the fighting against domiciliated triatomine bugs by using residual inseticides. He discusses other forms of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission.

scholarly journals Trade Integration and Communication Networks in Latin America

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Roncagliolo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Process

Abstract: Over the last few years, academic discussions about the state of communications in the Americas, particularly those discussions taking place in the northern part of the continent, sometimes slide into one or more of the following misunderstandings: the provincialist view, which considers the entire hemisphere to be involved in a single process of trade liberalization, like the NAFTA; the overly simplified view, which assumes that the southern countries are a homogeneous group, from the point of view of cultural and technical vistas; the belief that there has been no effort to integrate these countries' communications; and the globalist view, which aims at forgetting the profound peculiarities which radically differentiate American communications from those of the rest of the world. Keeping in mind these traps and dangers, in this presentation I would like to specify that there exist not one but many processes of trade liberalization affecting the Americas; introduce a view of the internal complexity and heterogeneity of the region; enumerate prior Latin American attempts at communications integration, looking at materials and goals; and present three peculiarities which differentiate the region from the rest of the world. Résumé: Depuis quelques années, les discussions académiques sur les communications dans les Amériques, particulièrement celles ayant lieu dans la moitié nord de ces continents, s'empêtrent parfois dans un ou plusieurs des quatre malentendus suivants: la perspective "provincialiste", qui croit que l'hémisphère entier est en train de s'engager dans un seul grand processus de libéralisation d'échange, à l'instar de l'Accord de libre-échange nord-américain; la perspective simpliste à l'excès, qui suppose que les pays du Sud sont homogènes, tant du point de vue culturel que technique; la croyance qu'il n'y a eu aucun effort d'associer les communications dans ces divers pays; et la perspective "globalisante", qui oublie les particularités profondes qui rendent les communications nord- et sud-américaines radicalement différentes de celles du reste du monde. Tenant compte de ces pièges et dangers, nous aimerions dans cet article spécifier qu'il n'existe pas qu'un seul processus de libéralisation d'échange touchant les Amériques, mais bien plusieurs; souligner la complexité interne et l'hétérogénéité de la région; décrire des tentatives antérieures en Amérique latine d'intégrer les communications, en se concentrant sur matériaux et objectifs; et présenter quelques unes des caractéristiques qui distinguent cette région du reste du monde.

Cyberculture and Education in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Rueda Ortiz ◽  
Alejandro Uribe Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
The One

Particularly since the turn of the new millennium, the field of cyberculture and education in Latin America has undergone significant development. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies have focused on the rise of a novel sociotechnical network, the product, on the one hand, of advances in information and communications technology, computing, and a broader reach of the internet, and, on the other hand, of the diverse appropriations of these advances by individuals and collectives. In general, the research questions addressed in this field analyze the continuities and transformations in areas such as the creation, circulation, and legitimization of information and knowledge inside and outside the educational institution; the forms of socialization, communication, and construction of individual and collective identities; and the modes of citizen participation, all of which have been catalyzed by the new technological ecosystem. In an initial stage, this field was marked by national and international policies of incorporating information and communications technology into education and, as a result, by the discussions on access to this technology, the digital divide, and the scope of technological infrastructure. This first stage was criticized for an instrumentalist and determinist emphasis on statistics regarding computer access and use in education that ignored the diverse and unequal processes of social and cultural appropriation of these factors. In a second stage of critical cybercultural studies, efforts were made to overcome technological determinisms, understanding information technologies not as something completed, closed, or definitive, but rather as part of the process of humanization—in other words, as devices that are transformed through interaction with individual and collective subjects, just as these latter reconfigure themselves to the extent that they interact with the former. What is highlighted here, on the one hand, is that the processes are heterogenic and sometimes contradictory in respect to what this sociotechnical interaction produces in the subjectivities; and, conversely, that imagination and invention are inherent to the technical objects. The human artifacts are thus not simple instruments mechanically joined to the social and cultural life of people. A third stage envisions challenges and new fields of research and creation in the production of knowledge arising from the peculiarity of Latin American educational, social, and cultural problematics. In particular, there is an emphasis on the need to include in an interrelated way intergenerational dimensions of race, gender, region, and social class in order to analyze the different and unequal forms of inclusion and appropriation of technologies. Similarly, studies begin to appear on “Commons” and “Commoning” as new ways of producing and sharing knowledge, as do grassroots educational proposals from the decolonial, situated feminist perspective calling for an intercultural dialogue on and recognition of indigenous, peasant, and Afro-descendant knowledge, worldviews and lifestyles that have appropriated technologies in diverse ways and for different purposes in the region.

Ecología decolonial en la poesía de Ernesto Cardenal

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Iñaki Ceberio de León ◽  
Clara Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Ernesto Cardenal ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
Poetic Work

Ernesto Cardenal, Latin American theologian and one of the main references of Liberation Theology, offers us a poetic work that aims to reconstruct a Latin American identity inspired by the worldviews of the original peoples of the region, while questioning the current neocolonial models supported in neo-extractivism. In the poetry of Ernesto Cardenal the identity of an «ecological subject» can be traced, whose being, feeling and doing are in harmony with non-anthropocentric worldviews. This study is carried out from an ecocritical point of view, which studies the relationships between humans and nature present in the literature and, in a particular way, the tensions between native peoples who vindicate the rights of nature and the neo-extractivist advance typical of the neoliberal policies in Latin America. For this, we include some poems dedicated to the original peoples of Mesoamerica in a decolonial key.

Education for Citizenship in the Latin American Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-217
Author(s):  
Joan Pagès Blanch ◽  
Carolina García González ◽  
Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
International Study ◽  
Democratic Citizenship ◽  
The Political ◽  
Citizen Education ◽  
Community Boundaries ◽  
And Training

The chapter shows the situation of education for democratic citizenship in Latin America and its evolution over the last 25 years, taking as an example three countries: Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. First, the concept of citizenship in curricula is analyzed. Its role in the political and social re-democratization and its limitations are proposed as a result of a national identity concept that limits cultural, social, and political diversity. Their strengths and weaknesses are compared, considering issues like human rights, citizenship responsibilities, citizen participation, community boundaries, levels of identity, and cultural diversity. Second, the purposes of their teaching are interpreted in the curricula. It presents a curriculum focused on relevant social problems and on the formation of critical thinking and social participation and citizenship awareness. Finally, it reflects on the results of the international study on civic and citizen education in Latin America, pointing out its contradictions and the need to continue deepening in research and in teaching practice and training.

E-Government in Latin American Cities

2011 ◽  
pp. 226-246
Author(s):  
Marc Holzer ◽  
Tony Carrizales ◽  
Richard Schwester
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Digital Governance ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
American Region

This chapter examines e-government practices in Latin American cities. Emphasis is placed on five areas: privacy and security, usability, content, services, and citizen participation. In Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide, Holzer and Kim (2004) evaluated e-government in the largest municipality in each of 100 countries. Included in this study were the largest cities in 15 Latin American countries. This chapter focuses on these 15 cities, highlighting those that received the highest overall index score. In addition, five cities with above-average scores in the five e-government component areas are assessed. Although this chapter does not take into consideration all e-government practices in Latin America, it does provide benchmark cases for cities in the Latin American region.

Griselda Gambaro, Inés Margarita Stranger, Maria Adelaide Amaral e a dramaturgia feminina na América Latina da década de 1990

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Luísa Lagoeiro Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Griselda Gambaro ◽  
American Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Female Presence ◽  
America Latina

A mulher, através dos séculos, foi privada da construção de um discurso próprio e submetida a gerações e gerações de discursos distorcidos e sexistas. À medida que a mulher passa a conquistar seu espaço e seu direito à expressão, ela se desloca dentro do ambiente social e se retira do lugar de passividade e submissão. Considerando que a presença da mulher na dramaturgia faz parte desse processo, nossa pesquisa se propôs a analisar como a temática feminina é apresentada dentro da dramaturgia latino-americana na década de 1990, a partir do lugar de enunciação da própria mulher. Para tal, propusemo-nos a analisar seis textos dramáticos escritos por mulheres na América Latina. As autoras escolhidas foram: a argentina, Griselda Gambaro; a chilena Inés Margarita Stranger; e a portuguesa, radicada no Brasil, Maria Adelaide Amaral.Abstract Women, over the centuries, have been denied the construction of their own speech and submitted to generations and generations of distorted and sexists speeches. As they conquest their space and their right of expression, they move inside of the social environment and gets out of the passivity and submission place. Considering the female presence in the dramaturgy as a part of this process, our research proposes to analyze how the female thematic is presented inside the dramaturgy in Latin America in the 1990’s, from the women point of view. For this intent, we propose to analyze six dramatics texts written by three Latin American women. The chosen writers are the Argentinean Griselda Gambaro; the Chilean Inés Margarita Stranger; and the Portuguese one, rooted in Brazil, Maria Adelaide Amaral.

Urban Environmental Activism in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Activism ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The One

If environmental activism revolves around problems and challenges related to the socioecological context of a collectivity (that is, the material framework in which it exists, from the point of view of access to resources and infrastructure, conditions of public health ,and embeddedness in ecosystems and naturogenic processes and dynamics), urban environmental activism can be characterized as activism in which the agendas, actors, and conflicts involved are specifically related to the urban space and its peculiarities, considered from a broad socioecological perspective. Considering the immense body of literature that has accumulated over the last 30 years on the environmental problems of Latin America, it is disappointing to see that only a comparatively small part of it refers specifically to urban environmental conflicts and activism. This is disturbing, because already in 2007, 78% of Latin America’s population lived in cities or other geographical entities classified as urban. Moreover, although in some core capitalist countries, too, there are many kinds of urban environmental problems, caused by omission, irresponsibility, or structural causes linked to class differences and asymmetries of power, Latin American problems and conflicts—above all those related to environmental injustice—are far more dramatic. Symptomatically, environmental struggles have been massive and have typically involved basic rights and the non-satisfaction of basic needs in the cities of the region. At the end of the day, it is clear that there have always been two basic types of urban environmental activism in Latin America: on the one side, a kind of environmental activism (and ecological discourse) that masks contradictions and class struggle, as it adopts a strict “preservationist” perspective that reveals itself to be insensitive to human needs and rights; on the other side, however, there are radical social struggles that are at the same time environmental struggles, particularly those explicitly or implicitly related to environmental justice. This diversity demonstrates both the richness and the contradictions of a contested sociopolitical landscape, where terms like sustainability and environmental protection have been instrumentalized for different, sometimes mutually incompatible, purposes.

Democracy and Economic Crisis: The Latin American Experience

1990 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Remmer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Liberal Democratic

The debt crisis has raised serious concerns about the future of democratic governance in Latin America. The prevailing assumption is not merely that economic decline undercuts prospects for democratic consolidation; because of their vulnerability to popular political pressures, democracies—particularly new democracies—have been seen as incapable of mounting effective policy responses to critical economic challenges. A comparative study of policy outcomes in Latin America since the outbreak of the debt crisis challenges this assumption. If we control for the magnitude of the debt burden at the outbreak of the crisis, no statistically significant differences emerge between democratic and authoritarian regimes, or between new democracies and more established regimes. The findings suggest that the conventional wisdom about democracy and economic crisis exaggerates the relationship between political regime characteristics and policy choice, and fundamentally misconstrues the strengths and weaknesses of liberal democratic forms of governance.

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