Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Alviarez ◽  
Michele Fioretti ◽  
Ken Kikkawa ◽  
Monica Morlacco
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Import Prices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Shed Light

Firms in global value chains (GVCs) are granular and exert bargaining power over the terms of trade. We show that these features are crucial to understanding the well-established variation in prices and pass-through across importers and exporters. We develop a novel theory of prices in GVCs, which tractably nests a wide range of bilateral concentration and bargaining power configurations. We test and evaluate the models predictions using a novel dataset merging transaction-level U.S. import data with balance sheet data for both U.S. importers and foreign exporters. Our pricing framework enhances traditional frameworks in the literature in accurately predicting price changes following a tariff shock. The results shed light on the role of firms in determining the tariff pass-through onto import prices.

scholarly journals From Nursery to Nursing Home: Emerging Concepts in Clostridioides difficile Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Smith ◽  
Joshua Soto Ocana ◽  
Joseph P. Zackular
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium that infects the human gastrointestinal tract, causing a wide range of disorders that vary in severity from mild diarrhea to toxic megacolon and/or death. Over the past decade, incidence, severity, and costs associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) have increased dramatically in both the pediatric and adult populations. The factors driving this rapidly evolving epidemiology remain largely unknown but are likely due in part to previously unappreciated host, microbiota, and environmental factors. In this review, we will cover the risks and challenges of CDI in adult and pediatric populations and examine asymptomatic colonization in infants. We will also discuss the emerging role of diet, pharmaceutical drugs, and pathogen-microbiota interactions in C. difficile pathogenesis, as well as the impact of host-microbiota interactions in the manifestation of C. difficile-associated disease. Finally, we highlight new areas of research and novel strategies that may shed light on this complex infection and provide insights into the future of microbiota-based therapeutics for CDI.

scholarly journals Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Martel ◽  
Gordon Pennycook ◽  
David G. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract What is the role of emotion in susceptibility to believing fake news? Prior work on the psychology of misinformation has focused primarily on the extent to which reason and deliberation hinder versus help the formation of accurate beliefs. Several studies have suggested that people who engage in more reasoning are less likely to fall for fake news. However, the role of reliance on emotion in belief in fake news remains unclear. To shed light on this issue, we explored the relationship between experiencing specific emotions and believing fake news (Study 1; N = 409). We found that across a wide range of specific emotions, heightened emotionality at the outset of the study was predictive of greater belief in fake (but not real) news posts. Then, in Study 2, we measured and manipulated reliance on emotion versus reason across four experiments (total N = 3884). We found both correlational and causal evidence that reliance on emotion increases belief in fake news: self-reported use of emotion was positively associated with belief in fake (but not real) news, and inducing reliance on emotion resulted in greater belief in fake (but not real) news stories compared to a control or to inducing reliance on reason. These results shed light on the unique role that emotional processing may play in susceptibility to fake news.

Exploring a pedagogy for meaning-making in physical education

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justen O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Embodied Meaning ◽  
Student Meaning ◽  
Shed Light

This paper responds to calls for an exploration into pedagogies of meaning within physical education. Developing meaningful educational experiences in physical education for lifelong movement involves supporting students to explore their personal experiences in movement and to use these to derive a greater understanding of themselves and the world in which they live. Following a brief overview of the role of meaning-making in physical education, a case study is offered as a practical example for how reflection can be utilised to explore movement as meaningful. The case study presents a series of steps that provide detail about a meaning-making process undertaken during a physical education class. Data suggest that setting aside time for reflection and the generation of rich movement narratives aligned to a ‘first rush of movement’, can shed light on what students find meaningful ‘in’ movement in ways that link physical education to experiences across varying social and environmental contexts. Through giving priority to bodily understandings of movement as felt, sensory experience, participants ( n = 44) were able to express meaning across a wide range of movement contexts. I contend that the exploration of student meaning in physical education is engaging, informative, and serves to extend possibilities for what curriculum is seen as legitimate in physical education by/for whom. The paper sheds light on the use of embodied meaning-making stories as a potential springboard for further exploration and activity in physical education.

Networks, Communities and Value Chains in Digital Social Innovation for Social Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Millard
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Innovations

This chapter provides strong empirical evidence, both quantitative and qualitative, concerning the use, relevance and impact of digital technology on social innovations for social services, and develops some underpinning conceptual frameworks for understanding this impact. It draws on a wide range of literature plus an examination of 30 successful in-depth case studies in which ICT is a major feature. The chapter analyses the role of ICT in social service value chains, in communities and social capital formation, the network effects, as well as the governance, operational and strategic considerations, drivers, barriers, and policy implications.

Photo-induced spin-transition: the role of the iron(II) environment distortion

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Marchivie ◽  
Philippe Guionneau ◽  
Jean-François Létard ◽  
Daniel Chasseau
Keyword(s):  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Spin Transition ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shed Light

The [FeL n (NCS)2] iron(II) spin-crossover complexes cover a wide range of magnetic behaviour. Owing to the large number of known structural and magnetic data, this series is perfectly adapted to the investigation of the structure–magnetic properties relationship. In this paper we propose a new structural parameter, denoted Θ, which is used to correlate the features of the spin-crossover phenomena with the distortion of the iron environment. In particular, this parameter has shed light on the role of such distortion on the limiting temperature of photo-inscription, known as T(LIESST). A strong dependence of T(LIESST) on Θ is clearly demonstrated. The stronger the distortion the higher the T(LIESST) value. This structure–property dependence represents, for instance, a powerful tool to estimate the highest potential T(LIESST) value for a series of complexes. This limit in the [FeL n (NCS)2] series is estimated to be around 120 K, which probably prevents their use in any industrial application.

scholarly journals The Ins and Outs of Cathepsins: Physiological Function and Role in Disease Management

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulasi Yadati ◽  
Tom Houben ◽  
Albert Bitorina ◽  
Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intracellular Protein Degradation ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Lysosomal Proteases ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Physiological Substrates

Cathepsins are the most abundant lysosomal proteases that are mainly found in acidicendo/lysosomal compartments where they play a vital role in intracellular protein degradation,energy metabolism, and immune responses among a host of other functions. The discovery thatcathepsins are secreted and remain functionally active outside of the lysosome has caused a paradigmshift. Contemporary research has unraveled many versatile functions of cathepsins in extralysosomallocations including cytosol and extracellular space. Nevertheless, extracellular cathepsins are majorlyupregulated in pathological states and are implicated in a wide range of diseases including cancerand cardiovascular diseases. Taking advantage of the dierential expression of the cathepsinsduring pathological conditions, much research is focused on using cathepsins as diagnostic markersand therapeutic targets. A tailored therapeutic approach using selective cathepsin inhibitors isconstantly emerging to be safe and ecient. Moreover, recent development of proteomic-basedapproaches for the identification of novel physiological substrates oers a major opportunity tounderstand the mechanism of cathepsin action. In this review, we summarize the available evidenceregarding the role of cathepsins in health and disease, discuss their potential as biomarkers ofdisease progression, and shed light on the potential of extracellular cathepsin inhibitors as safetherapeutic tools.

scholarly journals Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Martel ◽  
Gordon Pennycook ◽  
David Gertler Rand
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Total N ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

What is the role of emotion in susceptibility to believing fake news? Prior work on the psychology of misinformation has focused primarily on the extent to which reason and deliberation hinder versus help the formation of accurate beliefs. Several studies have suggested that people who engage in more reasoning are less likely to fall for fake news. However, the role of reliance on emotion in belief in fake news remains unclear. To shed light on this issue, we explored the relationship between experiencing specific emotions and believing fake news (Study 1; N = 409). We found that across a wide range of specific emotions, heightened emotionality was predictive of increased belief in fake (but not real) news. Then, in Study 2, we measured and manipulated reliance on emotion versus reason across four experiments (total N = 3884). We found both correlational and causal evidence that reliance on emotion increases belief in fake news: Self-reported use of emotion was positively associated with belief in fake (but not real) news, and inducing reliance on emotion resulted in greater belief in fake (but not real) news stories compared to a control or to inducing reliance on reason. These results shed light on the unique role that emotional processing may play in susceptibility to fake news.

scholarly journals ‘Nothing Less than its Eradication'? Ireland'S Hunger Task Force and the Production of Hunger

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Irish Government ◽  
Shed Light

A wide range of actors have intervened in the debate about the causes of hunger and what can be done to eradicate it. One example is a 2008 report by the Hunger Task Force, a group of development experts mandated by the Irish government to explain the root causes of hunger and identify ways for Ireland to play a leading role in eradicating it. In this paper, I present a critical review of what the HTF report says about the causes of hunger. I argue the report fails to live up to its aim of commemorating those who died in the Irish Famine in the 1840s because it refuses to consider the role of the corporate food regime in the production of hunger. Further, I position the report's flaws relative to Ireland by asking how the report balances Ireland's drive to eradicate hunger against its political and economic interests. I pay particular attention to Ireland's diplomatic proximity to the United States and to the emerging corporate foodscape within Ireland; both considerations shed light on Ireland's place within the structures and mechanisms that produce hunger in the contemporary period.

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