scholarly journals Economic growth, nutrition and living standards in 19th century Lima: new estimates of welfare ratios using a linear programming model

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Zegarra
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Food Basket ◽  
The Cost

This study relies on a linear programming model to estimate welfare ratios in 19th century Lima. By using a linear programming model, the food basket guarantees the intake of basic nutrients at the minimum cost. The subsistence cost includes the cost of food and other basic needs. The estimates show that low-skilled workers in Lima were able to cover their basic needs in 1800-1875. The results also show that living standards of low-skilled workers declined during the Guano Era. Living standards in Lima, however, compared favorably to several cities in Europe.

Living costs and welfare ratios in Western Europe: new estimates using a linear programming model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Zegarra
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
European Cities

Abstract This study provides new estimates on welfare ratios for London, Amsterdam, Paris, Strasbourg, Munich, and Leipzig for 1600–1850. I use a linear programming model to compute the basket that minimizes the food cost subject to nutrient requirements. For a balanced nutrition, I take into consideration that people should ingest not only calories and proteins, but also fat, iron, and some basic vitamins. The results suggest that living standards in Western Europe were lower than previously thought. However, like previous studies, this article suggests that welfare ratios in London were higher than in other European cities.

scholarly journals Cost-Minimized Diets For UiTM Perlis Students Using Goal And Linear Programming

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-239
Author(s):  
Nur Fatihah Fauzi ◽  
Rohana Alias ◽  
Nor Hayati Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Goal Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Food Basket

Humans need to eat good and balanced nutritious diet that provides calories for energy requirements andnutrients for proper growth, repair and maintenance of the body tissue. Today, busy lifestyle habitsdrastically changed the pattern of eating where students are more likely to have irregular meal times andthe cost of food may be expensive for them. Therefore, this study is conducted to find the minimum costthat satisfies the daily nutrient requirements. A linear programming (LP) model and goal programming(GP) model are formulated where the objective function is the total cost of food. Food prices werecollected from selected cafés in UiTM Perlis and the recommended daily nutrient intakes of 19-29 yearsold, male and female were obtained from the Ministry of Health Malaysia. The sample used in thisresearch consists of 10 most frequently consumed food items as decision variables. QM for Windows V5was used to determine minimum cost that satisfies the nutritional requirements. LP results, the minimumcost for male students is RM9.88 and for female students is RM9.10. Based on the GP results, the cost isRM9.00 for both male and female students. It is evident from the results that GP has achieved theminimum cost and the food basket for male students consists of 410g of rice, 140g of chicken, 42.9g ofbroccoli and 252.7g of mushroom. Meanwhile, the food basket for female students consists of 429g ofrice, 113.4g of chicken, 37.44g of broccoli and 321.3g of mushroom. Keywords: Linear Programming Model, Goal Programming Model, Minimum Cost, Nutritional requirements, Optimization

scholarly journals A mixed-integer linear programming model for harvesting, loading and transporting sugarcane. A case study in Peru

DYNA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (195) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela María Morales-Chávez ◽  
José A. Soto-Mejía ◽  
William Ariel Sarache
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Integer Linear Programming Model ◽  
The Cost

Due to opportunities for economic and social development in the biofuels market, improvement to the supply chain has become a relevant matter. In agro-industrial supply chains, procurement costs are highly relevant. Since sugarcane is a high performance raw material for ethanol production, this paper proposes a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Model for cost optimization for harvesting, loading and transportation operations. The model determines the quantity of machines and workers to meet the biofuel plant requirements. Costs of resources for harvesting and loading as well as transportation costs from the land parcel to the production plant are minimized. Also, the model calculates the cost of penalties for shortages (unmet demand) and the cost of equipment idle time. The implementation of the model in a Peruvian biofuels company, showed a cost reduction of around 11 % when compared to the current costs.

A Linear Programming Model for Product Mix Profit Maximization in A Small Medium Enterprise Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mohd Baki ◽  
Jack Kie Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Product Mix ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Production planning is often challenging for small medium enterprises (SMEs) company. Most of the SMEs are having difficulty in determining the optimal level of the production output which can affect their business performance. Product mix optimization is one of the main key for production planning. Many company have used linear programming model in determining the optimal combination of various products that need to be produced in order to maximize profit. Thus, this study aims for profit maximization of a SME company in Malaysia by using linear programming model. The purposes of this study are to identify the current process in the production line and to formulate a linear programming model that would suggest a viable product mix to ensure optimum profitability for the company. ABC Sdn Bhd is selected as a case study company for product mix profit maximization study. Some conclusive observations have been drawn and recommendations have been suggested. This study will provide the company and other companies, particularly in Malaysia, an exposure of linear programming method in making decisions to determine the maximum profit for different product mix.

A Linear Programming Model to Evaluate Gas Availability for Vital Industries in Saudi Arabia

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1035-1045
Author(s):  
S O Duffuaa ◽  
J A Al-Zayer ◽  
M A Al-Marhoun ◽  
M A Al-Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Linear Programming Model
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