Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus killed by a Western Gull Larus occidentalis in western Washington, USA

Wader Study ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Buchanan
The Condor ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm C. Coulter

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Good

AbstractThe nesting ecology of breeding pairs of the Western Gull × Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus occidentalis × glaucescens) hybrid complex was investigated at two locations in coastal Washington. In Grays Harbor, breeding performance (clutch size, hatching and fledging success) was highest in vegetated habitat where nests were most dense and where natural screens blocked the nearest neighbor. Egg loss, presumably from gull predators, was common except in areas of dense vegetation. At Tatoosh Island, egg loss was rare, and breeding performance was similar in vegetated and rock habitats. To test if physical structure around open-area nests influenced egg loss in Grays Harbor, predator-exclusion fences were erected around nests on a sandbar island lacking vegetation. Excluding predators reduced egg loss and increased hatching success relative to nests with adjacent natural screens (driftwood logs >30 cm tall) or nests lacking natural screens. Pairs that nest in habitats with adequate habitat structure appear to benefit in terms of lower egg loss and higher nesting success, especially in Grays Harbor. Increasing structure around individual nests may increase breeding success of gulls or other seabirds that experience extensive nest predation.Éxito Reproductivo en el Complejo Larus occidentalis × glaucescens: Influencia del Hábitat y las Características del Sitio de AnidaciónResumen. La ecología de anidación de parejas reproductivas del complejo híbrido Larus occidentalis × glaucescens fue investigada en dos localidades en la costa de Washington. En Grays Harbor, el desempeño reproductivo (en términos del tamaño de la nidada y el éxito de eclosión y emplumamiento) fue máximo en ambientes con vegetación donde los nidos estaban a mayor densidad y donde el vecino más cercano estaba separado por barreras naturales. La pérdida de huevos (presumiblemente ante gaviotas depredadoras) fue común excepto en áreas con vegetación densa. En la isla Tatoosh, la pérdida de huevos fue poco frecuente y el desempeño reproductivo fue similar en ambientes con vegetación y ambientes rocosos. Para determinar si la estructura física alrededor de los nidos en áreas abiertas influenciaba la pérdida de huevos en Grays Harbor, se construyeron cercas para excluir a los depredadores alrededor de nidos en una isla arenosa carente de vegetación. La exclusión de depredadores redujo la pérdida de huevos e incrementó el éxito de eclosión con relación a nidos con barreras naturales adyacentes (troncos de >30 cm de alto) y a nidos sin barreras naturales. Las parejas que anidan en ambientes con estructura de hábitat adecuada parecen beneficiarse en términos de una menor pérdida de huevos y un mayor éxito de anidación, especialmente en Grays Harbor. Incrementar la estructura alrededor de nidos individuales podría aumentar el éxito reproductivo de gaviotas u otras aves marinas sujetas a altos niveles de depredación de nidos.


The Auk ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
Earl G. Wright

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Pierotti ◽  
Cynthia A. Annett

The Auk ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Pierotti ◽  
Cheryl A. Bellrose

Abstract It is generally observed in gulls (Larus spp.) that produce a typical clutch of three that the third- or last-laid egg is smaller and lighter than its earlier-laid counterparts. This typically results in the third chick hatching later, growing at a slower rate, and having a higher rate of mortality. This suite of factors has been described as the "third-chick disadvantage," and various functional interpretations have been suggested to explain its adaptive basis. We report on egg size, chick growth, and survival in a population of Western Gulls (Larus occidentalis) where the third-chick disadvantage appeared to be nonexistent. We suggest that functional interpretations of this phenomenon may be premature and that variation in egg size in gulls may simply be due to variation in female energy reserves, and that in colonies where food is abundant and nest density low, the third-chick disadvantage may be reduced or absent.


2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Cockerham ◽  
Becky Lee ◽  
Rachael A. Orben ◽  
Robert M. Suryan ◽  
Leigh G. Torres ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1877-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie K. Osterback ◽  
Danielle M. Frechette ◽  
Sean A. Hayes ◽  
Morgan H. Bond ◽  
Scott A. Shaffer ◽  
...  

We examined the role of individual size and origin (wild versus hatchery) to predation risk and marine survival for threatened juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a coastal California watershed. In this study, we found that individual size and origin were strongly associated with increased predation risk of steelhead by a generalist avian predator (western gull, Larus occidentalis) and associated with survival to reproduction by tracking the fate of juvenile steelhead tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Across six cohorts (2005–2010), larger steelhead (>170 mm fork length (FL)) experienced marine survival rates at least 60 times higher than the smallest individuals. Predation risk by western gulls was highest for intermediate-sized fish (145–190 mm FL), which was at least ten times higher than the predation risk of the smallest individuals and four times higher than the predation risk of the largest individuals. Wild steelhead experienced both higher predation risk and higher survival rates than hatchery fish of the same size. Although gulls disproportionately remove intermediate-sized wild steelhead from the population, they also remove large wild individuals that may otherwise experience the highest adult return rates. Instead of focusing on population size alone, conservation measures could also be guided towards the recovery of larger and wild individuals, whose survival is paramount for population recovery.


1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Wingfield ◽  
A.L. Newman ◽  
G.L. Hunt ◽  
D.S. Farner

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