scholarly journals Family and social environment associated with traits of antisocial personality disorder in the prison population of Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
CS Arbulú-Contreras ◽  
MA Enao-Atahuachi ◽  
MT Flores-Quispe ◽  
LK Torrejón-Reategui ◽  
M Alejandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prison Environment ◽  
Family Setting

Introduction: The prison environment in Peru is one of the worst in the continent. In situations such as these, where there is considerable stress, many inmates can develop antisocial disorders, especially if they come from a conflictive family setting. Objectives: To determine the association between family relationships, social environment and features of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in the Peruvian prison population in 2016. Material and method: Analytical cross-sectional study based on a sub-analysis of the First National Penitentiary Census of Peru in 2016. The sample is the prison population (≥18 years old) that participated in said census, which was carried out in 66 correctional facilities nationwide and reached a coverage of 98.8%. Results: Of the 77,086 prisoners, 76,152 participated in the analysis. The prevalence of antisocial traits was 96% and half of the population met two criteria for the disorder. Independently associated factors were, being male (RPa: 1.35; 1.30-1.40), born outside the capital (RPa: 0.89; 0.88-0, 91), friends in the neighborhood who committed offences (RPa: 1.01; 1.00-1.02) and not living with a father (RPa: 1.00; 1.00-1.01). Discussion: The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder traits in the Peruvian prison population was 96%. We found greater association with the male sex, in those born in Lima and in those who escaped from their home before the age of 15.

scholarly journals Clinical features of alcoholic suicide attempters/ non-attempters

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 656-659
Author(s):  
Meena Agarwal ◽  
Keith Gaskell
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
High Incidence

A cross-sectional study of 74 consecutive alcoholic patients admitted to a subregional alcohol treatment unit examines the socio-demographic and clinical differences between those who had/had not attempted suicide, and investigates their relationships to current suicidal ideation. The suicide attempters were significantly younger, separated and unemployed. They began regular drinking earlier, were more severely dependent and had a higher proportion of major depression, antisocial personality disorder and another drug abuse. The results suggest a high incidence of suicidal behaviour in alcoholics and high psychiatric comorbidity in alcoholics who attempt suicide.

scholarly journals Clinical and behavioral correlates in adult methamphetamine users with childhood exposure to household drug and alcohol use

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Wanida Rattanasumawong ◽  
Robert T. Malison ◽  
Joel Gelernter ◽  
Yaira Nunez ◽  
Rasmon Kalayasiri
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To describe and compare methamphetamine (MA) users with and without a family history of alcohol or drug () use in the household. Design:  A total of 1144 Thai-speaking MA users in Thailand were recruited for a cohort study. Cross-sectional baseline data were analyzed according to their exposure to FAOD use (FAOD+/FAOD-). The Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA) was utilized to collect baseline socio-demographic information and variables known to be associated with the impact of FAOD use. Findings:  FAOD+ participants had lower average years of education (p<0.01), fewer average months of employment in the past year (p<0.01) and reported higher rates of self-harm experience (p<0.001), gambling (p=0.018) and antisocial personality disorder  (p=0.015). FAOD+ participants had more severe clinical, adverse consequences. FAOD+ significantly predicted episodes of lifetime MA use (R2 =0.004,  p=0.032), the largest number of drinks ever had in a 24-hour period (R2 =0.01, p=0.001), paranoid experiences ([OR]=1.090, p=0.004), alcohol dependence ([OR]=1.112, p=0.001) and antisocial personality disorder ([OR]=1.139, p=0.015). FAOD+ participants who were exposed to alcohol only were more likely to report a significantly higher number of drinks ever had in a 24-hour periods (p<0.005). Similarly, FAOD+ participants who were exposed to MA use only were significantly more likely to report more frequent use of MA (p<0.005). Conclusions:  FAOD+ participants were characterized by a generally more severe clinical presentation than FAOD- participants. Moreover, we show the specificity of drug type mattered, with family exposure of alcohol and MA associated with greater subsequent use of the respective drugs.

The relationship between hippocampal asymmetry and temperament in adolescent borderline and antisocial personality pathology

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Jovev ◽  
Sarah Whittle ◽  
Murat Yücel ◽  
Julian Guy Simmons ◽  
Nicholas B. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biological Risk Factor ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInvestigating etiological processes early in the life span represents an important step toward a better understanding of the development of personality pathology. The current study evaluated the interaction between an individual difference risk factor (i.e., temperament) and a biological risk factor for aggressive behavior (i.e., atypical [larger] rightward hippocampal asymmetry) in predicting the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder symptoms during early adolescence. The sample consisted of 153 healthy adolescents (M = 12.6 years, SD = 0.4, range = 11.4–13.7) who were selected from a larger sample to maximize variation in temperament. Interactions between four temperament factors (effortful control, negative affectivity, surgency, and affiliativeness), based on the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire—Revised, and volumetric measures of hippocampal asymmetry were examined as cross-sectional predictors of BPD and antisocial personality disorder symptoms. Boys were more likely to have elevated BPD symptoms if they were high on affiliation and had larger rightward hippocampal asymmetry. In boys, low affiliation was a significant predictor of BPD symptoms in the presence of low rightward hippocampal asymmetry. For girls, low effortful control was associated with elevated BPD symptoms in the presence of atypical rightward hippocampal asymmetry. This study builds on previous work reporting significant associations between atypical hippocampal asymmetry and poor behavioral regulation.

Violence and psychiatric morbidity in the national household population of Britain: public health implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Coid ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Amanda Roberts ◽  
Simone Ullrich ◽  
Paul Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions

BackgroundIt is unclear whether psychiatric morbidity contributes to the small proportion of the population responsible for a large percentage of antisocial behaviour, including violence.AimsTo measure associations between psychiatric morbidity and severity chronicity and types of victims of violence in the national household population of Britain.MethodCross-sectional survey of persons in households (n=8397). Data included self-reported location, victims and outcome of violence over the previous 5 years. Diagnoses were determined by computer-assisted interviews.ResultsHazardous drinking was associated with over half of all incidents involving injury. Antisocial personality disorder conveyed an attributable risk of 24% of respondents reporting victim injuries, but screening positive for psychosis conveyed an attributable risk of only 1.2%.ConclusionsThe burden of care resulting from violence associated with hazardous drinking supports population interventions. Despite exceptional risks, half of respondents with antisocial personality disorder were not violent, indicating limitations in targeted interventions to detain high-risk individuals.

scholarly journals Gender differences in lifetime psychiatric and substance use disorders among people who use substances in Barcelona, Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmina Frem ◽  
Marta Torrens ◽  
Antonia Domingo-Salvany ◽  
Gail Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine gender differences in lifetime substance use and non-substance use (non-SUD) psychiatric disorders among illicit drug users and determine factors associated with non-SUD psychiatric disorders independently for males and for females. Design/methodology/approach Secondary analysis of five cross-sectional studies conducted in Barcelona, Spain during 2000-2006. Lifetime DSM-IV substance use and non-SUD psychiatric diagnoses were assessed using the Spanish Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental disorders (PRISM) among 629 people who use substances (68 per cent male) recruited from treatment (n=304) and out of treatment (n=325) settings. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using binary logistic regression. Findings The prevalence of any lifetime psychiatric (non-SUD) disorder was 41.8 per cent, with major depression (17 per cent) and antisocial personality disorder (17 per cent) being the most prevalent disorders. After adjusting for age and study, the odds of having any lifetime non-SUD (OR 2.10; 95%CI 1.48, 2.96); any mood disorder (OR 2.13; 95%CI 1.46, 3.11); any anxiety disorder (OR 1.86; 95%CI 1.19; 2.92); any eating disorder (OR 3.09; 95%CI 1.47, 6.47); or borderline personality disorder (OR 2.30; 95%CI 1.36, 3.84) were greater for females than males. Females were less likely than males to meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder (OR 0.59; 95%CI 0.36, 0.96) and attention deficit disorder (OR 0.37; 95%CI 0.17, 0.78). Research limitations/implications Psychiatric disorders are common among people who use substances, with gender differences reported for specific disorders. Gender-sensitive integrated treatment approaches are required to prevent and to address comorbidity psychiatric disorders among this population. Originality/value This secondary analysis of five cross-sectional studies included a large sample size allowing sufficient power to examine the differences between men and women. An additional strength of the methodology is the use of the gold standard PRISM which was used to assess disorders.

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