Water binding and water release by plant-based meat analogues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H.V. Cornet
Keyword(s):  
Water Release ◽  
Water Binding

Water-holding capacity and characterization of protein interactions in processed cheese

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Marchesseau ◽  
Jean-Louis Cuq
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Processed Cheese ◽  
Protein Gels ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Water Holding

SummaryIn order to predict the oozing susceptibility of heat-induced milk protein gels such as processed cheeses during storage, ultracentrifugation forces are required to accelerate the expulsion of water from the gel structure. Two predictive methods have been tested. Direct ultracentrifugation of processed cheese was used to study effects of centrifugal compression on the water-holding ability. The water release with optimal parameters (time, temperature and ultracentrifugation force) from a freshly manufactured processed cheese was correlated with visual assessment of oozing after 6 months storage. A second method was based on the susceptibility of gelled proteins to resist the dissociating action of solutions of chemical agents such as SDS, urea, EDTA and 2-mercaptoethanol. Most of the protein sedimented by ultracentrifugation in the presence of SDS represented that still in complexed form. This correlated with optimal water binding by the processed cheese. Response-surface methods, used to optimize the ultracentrifugation variables and the composition of the dissociation solutions, showed that the dissociation test was best with a dispersion of processed cheese in SDS solution (10 g/l) at a ratio of 1:6 (w/v) at 20°C, ultracentrifuged at 86000 g and 20°C for 25 min. Analysis of processed cheese cooked at 115°C and then dissociated in different solutions showed various protein–protein interactions in the gel network, whereas hydrophobic interactions were the most important stabilizers of the protein matrix of cheese cooked at higher temperature.

Effect of sludge cell disruption on compactibility of biological sludges

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Erdincler ◽  
P. A. Vesilind
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Interstitial Water ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Cell Disruption ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Disruption Method

Biological sludge contains various fractions of water associated with sludge solids which are mostly microorganisms. These water fractions affect the liquid-solid separation of sludge. A considerable amount of sludge water is trapped either inside the sludge microorganisms or within the floc structure and this is labeled interstitial water. Release of interstitial water held inside the cell structure involves disruption of sludge cells and this does not occur during conventional dewatering. In this study, sludge cell disruption is introduced as a new method to improve the compactibility of sludge. Biological sludge cells are disrupted by different methods including alkali treatment, NaCl treatment, heat treatment, and sonication. The effect of cell disruption on compactibility of biological sludge is investigated. The results of the study indicate that the disruption of the sludge cells changes the water distribution in sludge and improves the compactibility of sludge. Disruption apparently releases from 60% to 80% of interstitial water, depending on the disruption method used. On the other hand, it causes creation of extra surfaces for water binding and leads to an increase in the unfreezable water content (vicinal water, water of hydration and a fraction of interstitial water) of sludge. The cell disruption increases the solid content of compacted sludge up to 87% depending on the cell disruption method used.

The accumulation of solutes and water binding strength in durum wheat

1994 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rascio ◽  
C. Platani ◽  
G. Scalfati ◽  
A. Tonti ◽  
N. Di Fonzo
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Binding Strength

SALT AND WATER BINDING TO HALOPHILIC MALATE DEHYDROGENASE

1984 ◽  
Vol 45 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-269-C7-269
Author(s):  
G. Zaccai ◽  
E. Wachtel ◽  
H. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Water Binding

RELEASE OF NUTRIENTS FROM BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN IN 2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Komai ◽  
Yukio Komai ◽  
Mana Sakata ◽  
Mana Sakata ◽  
Masaki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Osaka Bay ◽  
The Core ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Sea Area

Osaka Bay is the most polluted enclosed sea area, in which is located the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. There are four kinds of sources on loadings of nutrients to Osaka Bay, which are land including rivers and industrial effluents beside coast, ocean sea water, release from bottom sediment to sea water, and wet and dry deposition from air. The pollutant loadings inflowing from the land to Osaka Bay have been cut by various policies since 1970’s. The concentrations of nutrients in the inner part of Osaka Bay have showed an obvious decreasing tendency. However, the water quality in offshore sea has not satisfied the environmental standard on nutrients. We investigated the amount of nutrients released from bottom sediments. The core samples were taken at two stations in the inner part of Osaka Bay once a month from February to November, 2015. The core incubation experiment in laboratory was conducted for 24 hours according to Tada et.al. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) were measured by an automatic analyzer. The flux showed similar range with the values investigated in 1986. The results suggested that the flux of nutrients from bottom sediments in the inner part of Osaka Bay has not decreased during summer season at least since 1985. Therefore, the contribution of release from bottom sediment on the nutrients budget would relatively become larger in inner part of Osaka Bay.

scholarly journals Calculation Model for the Mixing Amount of Internal Curing Materials in High-strength Concrete based on Modified MULTIMOORA

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Lixia Guo ◽  
Minghua Wang ◽  
Ling Zhong ◽  
Yanan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Mixing Method

AbstractThe internal curing technology has been widely applied to high-strength concrete, for it can make the high-strength concrete marked by low shrinkage and durable frost resistance. The key to its extension and application lies in the reasonable mixing amount of internal curing materials. To address this problem, scholars have proposed a method for determining the water demand in internal curing; however, the water release of internal curing materials is difficult to obtain by measurement due to the mixing method. Therefore, this paper proposed a calculation model for the mixing amount of internal curing materials based on the modified MULTIMOORA method (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis plus full multiplicative form). First, different internal curing materials (super absorbent polymer (SAP), lightweight aggregate (LWA)) and pretreatment methods were selected to calculate their compressive strength, self-shrinkage and frost durability according to a proposed test scheme on the mixing amount of internal curing materials, and in such case, the comprehensive performance evaluation of the above indexes was turned into a multi-attribute decision-making problem. Second, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) method and the entropy weight method were used to determine the subjective and objective weights of the indexes respectively, to eliminate the impact of outliers in the subjective evaluation values. Finally, the comprehensive performance of each test group was sorted using MULTIMOORA, and based on the sorting results and the calculation model, the mixing amount of internal curing materials was determined. The numerical example application results showed that the mixing amount of SAP curing material calculated based on the model herein was 1.276 kg/m3, and the mixing method adopted the pre-water absorption method with the total water-binder ratio unchanged. The numerical example evaluation results were in good agreement with the test results. The internal curing effect of SAP was better than that of LWA, and reached the best when the mixing amount was calculated at 25 times the water release rate and the requirement for the maximum total water diversion was met. The study may provide new ideas for extension and application of the internal curing technology.

scholarly journals Selenium in wastewater can be adsorbed by modified natural zeolite and reused in vegetable growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110198
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Xinyuan Li ◽  
Zihao Jin ◽  
Sadam Hussain Tumrani ◽  
Xiaodong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Soil Release ◽  
Release Ratio ◽  
Water Pollutant

Modified natural zeolites (MNZ) are widely used in pollutant removal, but how to address these MNZ that have adsorbed pollutants must be considered. Selenium is an essential trace element for metabolism and is also a water pollutant. Selenium is adsorbed in the water by MNZ in this study first. Then the Brassica chinensis L. was planted in the soil which contains the MNZ loaded with selenium (MNZ-Se) to explore selenium uptake. MNZ-Se release tests in water and soil were also considered. The results showed the following: (1) The maximum adsorption capacity of MNZ for selenium is 46.90 mg/g. (2) Water release experiments of MNZ-Se showed that regardless of how the pH of the aqueous solution changes, the trend of the release of selenium from MNZ-Se in aqueous solution is not affected and first decreases before stabilizing. (3) Soil release experiments of MNZ-Se showed that the selenium content in the soil increased and reached the concentration in the standard of selenium-rich soil. Addition amount and soil pH value will affect the release ratio. The release ratio of MNZ-Se in the water was higher than that in the soil. (4) With an increase in the soil MNZ-Se content, the selenium content in the soil and B. c increases. Above all, MZN can be a good medium for water pollutant removal and soil improvement.

scholarly journals Acetan and Acetan-Like Polysaccharides: Genetics, Biosynthesis, Structure, and Viscoelasticity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Janja Trček ◽  
Iztok Dogsa ◽  
Tomaž Accetto ◽  
David Stopar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Genetic Cluster ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Komagataeibacter Xylinus

Bacteria produce a variety of multifunctional polysaccharides, including structural, intracellular, and extracellular polysaccharides. They are attractive for the industrial sector due to their natural origin, sustainability, biodegradability, low toxicity, stability, unique viscoelastic properties, stable cost, and supply. When incorporated into different matrices, they may control emulsification, stabilization, crystallization, water release, and encapsulation. Acetan is an important extracellular water-soluble polysaccharide produced mainly by bacterial species of the genera Komagataeibacter and Acetobacter. Since its original description in Komagataeibacter xylinus, acetan-like polysaccharides have also been described in other species of acetic acid bacteria. Our knowledge on chemical composition of different acetan-like polysaccharides, their viscoelasticity, and the genetic basis for their production has expanded during the last years. Here, we review data on acetan biosynthesis, its molecular structure, genetic organization, and mechanical properties. In addition, we have performed an extended bioinformatic analysis on acetan-like polysaccharide genetic clusters in the genomes of Komagataeibacter and Acetobacter species. The analysis revealed for the first time a second acetan-like polysaccharide genetic cluster, that is widespread in both genera. All species of the Komagataeibacter possess at least one acetan genetic cluster, while it is present in only one third of the Acetobacter species surveyed.

scholarly journals Dealing with multiple experts and non-stationarity in inverse reinforcement learning: an application to real-life problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarildo Likmeta ◽  
Alberto Maria Metelli ◽  
Giorgia Ramponi ◽  
Andrea Tirinzoni ◽  
Matteo Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Inverse Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Reward Function ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Multiple Experts

AbstractIn real-world applications, inferring the intentions of expert agents (e.g., human operators) can be fundamental to understand how possibly conflicting objectives are managed, helping to interpret the demonstrated behavior. In this paper, we discuss how inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) can be employed to retrieve the reward function implicitly optimized by expert agents acting in real applications. Scaling IRL to real-world cases has proved challenging as typically only a fixed dataset of demonstrations is available and further interactions with the environment are not allowed. For this reason, we resort to a class of truly batch model-free IRL algorithms and we present three application scenarios: (1) the high-level decision-making problem in the highway driving scenario, and (2) inferring the user preferences in a social network (Twitter), and (3) the management of the water release in the Como Lake. For each of these scenarios, we provide formalization, experiments and a discussion to interpret the obtained results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document