scholarly journals Propositional Gerunds in English and Spanish

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Ojea López
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Defective Structure ◽  
Clausal Structure ◽  
Nominal Feature

This paper offers a characterization of Propositional Gerunds in English and Spanish that hinges on the different feature specification of the gerund morpheme in each language. I first propose an analysis of the construction in English as a defective clausal structure (AspP or TP), which can optionally project a [+N] feature in a GerP. Then I justify the same syntactic analysis for Spanish, but in this case the adverbial source of the V-ndo head prevents the projection of this nominal feature. My proposal is that most of the peculiarities of Propositional Gerunds in both languages actually follow from their defective structure and from the feature specification forced by the gerund suffix in each case. Along these lines I contrastively account for the syntactic positions in which a Propositional Gerund may appear, and also for its main structural characteristics, as the morphological Case of its subject or the (im)possibility of temporal/aspectual modification in the construction.

scholarly journals Exploiting the Amazing Diversity of Natural Source-Derived Polysaccharides: Modern Procedures of Isolation, Engineering, and Optimization of Antiviral Activities

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Bimalendu Ray ◽  
Martin Schütz ◽  
Shuvam Mukherjee ◽  
Subrata Jana ◽  
Sayani Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Target Interaction ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Linkage Pattern ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
One Step

Naturally occurring polysaccharide sulfates are highly diverse, owning variations in the backbone structure, linkage pattern and stereochemistry, branching diversity, sulfate content and positions of sulfate group(s). These structural characteristics bring about diverse sulfated polymers with dissimilar negative charge densities and structure–activity relationships. Herein, we start with a short discussion of techniques needed for extraction, purification, chemical sulfation, and structural characterization of polysaccharides. Processes of isolation and sulfation of plant-derived polysaccharides are challenging and usually involve two steps. In this context, we describe an integrated extraction-sulfation procedure that produces polysaccharide sulfates from natural products in one step, thereby generating additional pharmacological activities. Finally, we provide examples of the spectrum of natural source-derived polysaccharides possessing specific features of bioactivity, in particular focusing on current aspects of antiviral drug development and drug–target interaction. Thus, the review presents a detailed view on chemically engineered polysaccharides, especially sulfated derivatives, and underlines their promising biomedical perspectives.

scholarly journals Characterization of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viruses (rAAVs) for Gene Therapy Using Orthogonal Techniques

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Liam Cole ◽  
Diogo Fernandes ◽  
Maryam T. Hussain ◽  
Michael Kaszuba ◽  
John Stenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Viruses are increasingly used as vectors for delivery of genetic material for gene therapy and vaccine applications. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are a class of viral vector that is being investigated intensively in the development of gene therapies. To develop efficient rAAV therapies produced through controlled and economical manufacturing processes, multiple challenges need to be addressed starting from viral capsid design through identification of optimal process and formulation conditions to comprehensive quality control. Addressing these challenges requires fit-for-purpose analytics for extensive characterization of rAAV samples including measurements of capsid or particle titer, percentage of full rAAV particles, particle size, aggregate formation, thermal stability, genome release, and capsid charge, all of which may impact critical quality attributes of the final product. Importantly, there is a need for rapid analytical solutions not relying on the use of dedicated reagents and costly reference standards. In this study, we evaluate the capabilities of dynamic light scattering, multiangle dynamic light scattering, and SEC–MALS for analyses of rAAV5 samples in a broad range of viral concentrations (titers) at different levels of genome loading, sample heterogeneity, and sample conditions. The study shows that DLS and MADLS® can be used to determine the size of full and empty rAAV5 (27 ± 0.3 and 33 ± 0.4 nm, respectively). A linear range for rAAV5 size and titer determination with MADLS was established to be 4.4 × 1011–8.7 × 1013 cp/mL for the nominally full rAAV5 samples and 3.4 × 1011–7 × 1013 cp/mL for the nominally empty rAAV5 samples with 3–8% and 10–37% CV for the full and empty rAAV5 samples, respectively. The structural stability and viral load release were also inferred from a combination of DLS, SEC–MALS, and DSC. The structural characteristics of the rAAV5 start to change from 40 °C onward, with increasing aggregation observed. With this study, we explored and demonstrated the applicability and value of orthogonal and complementary label-free technologies for enhanced serotype-independent characterization of key properties and stability profiles of rAAV5 samples.

scholarly journals LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES: NANOMATERIALS FOR APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luíz Paulo Figueredo Benício ◽  
Rejane Alvarenga Silva ◽  
Júnia Aparecida Lopes ◽  
Denise Eulálio ◽  
Rodrigo Morais Menezes dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
Near Future

The current research aims to introduce Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) as nanomaterials to be used in agriculture, with particular reference to its use as storage and slow release matrix of nutrients and agrochemicals for plant growing. Structural characteristics, main properties, synthesis methods and characterization of LDH were covered in this study. Moreover, some literature data have been reported to demonstrate their potential for storage and slow release of nitrate, phosphate, agrochemicals, besides as being used as adsorbent for the wastewater treatment. This research aims to expand, in near future, the investigation field on these materials, with application in agriculture, increasing the interface between chemistry and agronomy.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of one-dimensional titanate structure

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubica Nikolic ◽  
Marija Maletin ◽  
Paula Ferreira ◽  
Paula Vilarinho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Simple Hydrothermal Process

One-dimensional titania structures were synthesized trough a simple hydrothermal process in a highly alkaline conditions. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of time on the formation of 1D titanates as well on its structural characteristics (morphology, phase composition, surface area). Apart from that, the effect of heat treatment conditions on the stability of titanate based 1D samples has been investigated. The results have revealed that it is possible to form one-dimensional titanates already after 1 hour of hydrothermal synthesis. Although the composition of titanates is still under debate, the results probably correspond to the layered sodium titanates. The 1D prepared structures show a remarkable stability during heating, remaining the basic morphology and composition even up to 700?C.

scholarly journals The Fabrics Design Influence in Real and Simulated Drape of Clothing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Miguel ◽  
José Lucas ◽  
Sónia Melo ◽  
Madalena Pereira ◽  
Clara Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
Technology And Design

This research work aims to study the influence of the fabrics in the wear performance of clothing. For this, an experimental work was developed with two fabric samples having the same weight/m2, one single and another double, and a jacket prototype. Through a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties, very interesting results was obtained in the evaluation and characterization of the two fabrics performance in designing the same jacket, namely the drape and the corresponded aesthetic fabrics behaviours during wear. The structural characteristics and mechanical properties of each fabric were introduced into Marvelous Designer Version 8 software to simulate the virtual draping of fabrics in a skirt. The analysis of the drape profile of each fabric given by the software and the drape of the real fabrics evaluated in laboratory indicates, coherently, that the double fabric falls less than the single, but in a more harmonious way, what evidence the close links between technology and design of fashion products. Keywords: Fabrics design, Fabrics mechanical properties, Clothing drape, Real and simulated drape

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Immobilized Molybdenum Complex on Pillared Montmorillonite K-10

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Wahida Harun ◽  
Siti Balkis Mahamat Nor ◽  
Siti Salhah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Molybdenum Complex ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Pillaring Solution

This study was carried out to immobilize molybdenyl (VI) acetylacetonate (MoO2(acac)2) complex on alumina pillared montmorillonite K-10 (MMT K-10). Pillar MMT K-10 was produced by introducing MMT K-10 with a hydrolysis solution of NaOH with AlCl3. Different concentrations of pillaring solution were prepared in terms of OHto Al3+ ratio (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) to observe the structural characteristics of MMT K-10. The pillared materials were then immobilized with 0.1 M MoO2(acac)2 and were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled in an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) techniques. FTIR bands at ca. 890 – 930 cm-1 indicate that the Mo complex was immobilized on the surface of pillared MMT K-10 not in between the layers. This is supported by the SEM and XRD analysis where the SEM micrograph showed deposition of Mo on the surface of MMT K-10 as well as no modification of basal spacing was observed by XRD. Meanwhile, the d(001) spacing of the alumina pillared MMT K10 samples were seen to increase slightly as the concentration of OH/Al3+ increased.

Structural Characteristics and Piezoelectric Properties of Electrospun Piezoelectric nanofibers

2005 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Shi ◽  
Shiyou Xu ◽  
Sang-Gook Kim ◽  
Matthew Libera
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Micro Fabrication ◽  
Pure Perovskite Phase ◽  
Promising Application

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the development and characterization of PZT nanofibers with average diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm for various sensing and actuation applications. PZT nano fibers have been developed by sol-gel electrospinning process. Both randomly distributed and uniaxially aligned PZT fibers were obtained from the sol-gel solution with viscosity modified by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The diameters of the nano fibers can be further reduced or controlled for different applications. The morphology and structure of the nanofibers were examined with SEM, TEM and XRD. We used two-step process to anneal the electrospun fibers and XRD confirmed that pure perovskite phase was formed after the as-spun fibers being annealed at about 650°C. TEM results showed that the grain size of the fibers was about 10 nm. Microelectromechanical (MEMS) based micro-fabrication technologies were used to assist the development of the nano-fibers in designing the test samples, depositing and patterning the electrodes, and also testing the performance of the nano fibers. Different approaches have been explored to fabricate the uniaxially aligned nano fibers. SEM results showed that partial aligned PZT nano-fibers were obtained on the pre-patterned substrats. Interdigitated Electrodes were evaporated on the partial aligned fibers by using shadow mask. Hysteresis curve of the nano piezoelectric fibers was also obtained, however further tests are still needed to get accurate measurement. The obtained PZT nanofibers have promising application potentials in designing and enabling micro and nano devices.

Evidence for bicomponent fibers: A review

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 636-653
Author(s):  
Shufang Zhu ◽  
Xin Meng ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
Shaojuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Bicomponent Fibers ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Bicomponent Fiber

Abstract Recently, bicomponent fibers have been attracting much attention due to their unique structural characteristics and properties. A common concern was how to characterize a bicomponent fiber. In this review, we generally summarized the classification, structural characteristics, preparation methods of the bicomponent fibers, and focused on the experimental evidence for the identification of bicomponent fibers. Finally, the main challenges and future perspectives of bicomponent fibers and their characterization are provided. We hope that this review will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the design and characterization of bicomponent fibers.

Characterization of Cold Sprayed Copper Coatings on Al Alloy Substrate

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Tarun Goyal ◽  
T. S. Sidhu ◽  
R. S. Walia
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Coatings ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
Hardness Values

This study reveals the successful low pressure cold spray deposition of near-uniform, defect free and dense copper coatings approximately 700-1900 µm thick, on Al alloy for electro-technical applications. The micro structural characteristics of the deposits have been studied using the combined techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron-probe micro analysis (EPMA). The coatings exhibited characteristic splat-like, layered morphologies due to the deposition of solid powder particles which appeared to have been plastically deformed on impact to the substrate. The developed coatings have a dense (in the range of 3090-5015 kg/m3)and nearly uniform microstructure, with almost uniform hardness values in the range of 120 -140 Hv, and electrical conductivity in the range of 23-30 MS/m. EDAX, XRD and EPMA results revealed that the main constituent in the coating is Cu.

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