scholarly journals Mapping the potential distribution of frozen ground in Tucarroya (Monte Perdido Massif, the Pyrenees)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Serrano ◽  
A. Pisabarro ◽  
J.I. López-Moreno ◽  
M. Gómez-Lende ◽  
R. Martín-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Ground Potential

This paper shows the creation of a map of frozen ground potential for the Tucarroya valley in Ordesa National Park. To create this map, it was necessary to combine the identified landforms associated to the presence of frozen ground by fieldwork, ground temperature data continuously recorded during two years by automatic loggers, a Basal Temperature of Snow (BTS) survey, and predictor variables derived from a high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Four environments have been differentiated: unfrozen ground, seasonal frozen ground, possible permafrost and probable permafrost. The map confirms a very limited variety and extension of permafrost, above 2700 m a.s.l. on gentle and shadowed slopes. Seasonal frozen ground is the most common thermal regime, as it can be developed above 2500 m a.s.l. Snow-pack duration and thickness tightly control the duration of frozen ground and the freezing-thawing cycles. Frost activity and unfrozen ground is restricted from 2570 to 2750 m a.s.l.

Line of Sight Analysis 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Law ◽  
Natalie Gallegos ◽  
Shan Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Solar System ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Elevation Model

<p>The Line of Sight (LoS) is one of the latest tools to join the analytics suite of tools for the Solar System Treks (https://trek.nasa.gov) portals.  The LoS tool provides a way to compute visibility between the entities in our solar system. More concretely, this utility searches for windows of communication or a “line of sight” between any two entities. Entities include orbiters, rovers, planetary bodies, ground stations, and other topographical locations. In addition to establishing communications between the two entities, the tool also takes into account local terrains of the entities in question.</p> <p>The software seeks to answer questions about establishing communications between a rover and an orbiter, or an orbiter to a ground station. In mission planning, LoS can be used to determine possible traverses for a rover that must maintain communications with a lander, or find time intervals of communication to an orbiter when a rover or lander are near an obstructing surface feature such as a crater rim or mound. Computations can be even more granular and lines of sight can be computed between mission instruments, thus allowing to ask questions such as “Is the High Gain Antenna on a rover visible from an orbiter?”</p> <p>The initial release of the software focuses on the lunar surface and the LRO spacecraft. Users can ask whether a topographical location on the moon is visible from the orbiter or a discrete set of ground stations on Earth. The tool uses NAIF SPICE and various mission kernels for computing planetary geometries. LoS also uses high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to model the terrain surrounding the points of interest. In-house software is used to convert high resolution DEMs into a format compatible with the tool. Users can provide their own DEMs to model the terrain on different topographical locations to use for their own computations.</p>

scholarly journals A High-Resolution Gravimetric Geoid Model for Kuwait Using the Least-Squares Collocation

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad Al-Ajami ◽  
Ahmed Zaki ◽  
Mostafa Rabah ◽  
Mohamed El-Ashquer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Geopotential Model ◽  
Gravimetric Geoid ◽  
Least Squares Collocation ◽  
Geoid Model ◽  
Terrestrial Gravity ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Gps Leveling

A new gravimetric geoid model, the KW-FLGM2021, is developed for Kuwait in this study. This new geoid model is driven by a combination of the XGM2019e-combined global geopotential model (GGM), terrestrial gravity, and the SRTM 3 global digital elevation model with a spatial resolution of three arc seconds. The KW-FLGM2021 has been computed by using the technique of Least Squares Collocation (LSC) with Remove-Compute-Restore (RCR) procedure. To evaluate the external accuracy of the KW-FLGM2021 gravimetric geoid model, GPS/leveling data were used. As a result of this evaluation, the residual of geoid heights obtained from the KW-FLGM2021 geoid model is 2.2 cm. The KW-FLGM2021 is possible to be recommended as the first accurate geoid model for Kuwait.

scholarly journals Assessing Optimal Digital Elevation Model Selection for Active River Area Delineation Across Broad Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhou Ma ◽  
Karen Beazley ◽  
Patrick Nussey ◽  
Chris Greene
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Smoothing Algorithm ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Lidar Dem ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract The Active River Area (ARA) is a spatial approach for identifying the extent of functional riparian area. Given known limitations in terms of input elevation data quality and methodology, ARA studies to date have not achieved effective computer-based ARA-component delineation, limiting the efficacy of the ARA framework in terms of informing riparian conservation and management. To achieve framework refinement and determine the optimal input elevation data for future ARA studies, this study tested a novel Digital Elevation Model (DEM) smoothing algorithm and assessed ARA outputs derived from a range of DEMs for accuracy and efficiency. It was found that the tested DEM smoothing algorithm allows the ARA framework to take advantage of high-resolution LiDAR DEM and considerably improves the accuracy of high-resolution LiDAR DEM derived ARA results; smoothed LiDAR DEM in 5-meter spatial resolution best balanced ARA accuracy and data processing efficiency and is ultimately recommended for future ARA delineations across large regions.

scholarly journals An Improved Method Constructing 3D River Channel for Flood Modeling

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Hu ◽  
Jingming Hou ◽  
Zaixing Zhi ◽  
Bingyao Li ◽  
Kaihua Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Hydrodynamic Process ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Processes ◽  
Hermite Spline ◽  
Elevation Model

The high-resolution topography is very crucial to investigate the hydrological and hydrodynamic process. To resolve the deficiency problem of high resolution terrain data in rivers, the Quartic Hermite Spline with Parameter (QHSP) method constructing the river channel terrain based on the limited cross-section data is presented. The proposed method is able to not only improve the reliability of the constructed river terrain, but also avoid the numerical oscillations caused by the existing constructing approach, e.g., the Cubic Hermite Spline (CHS) method. The performance of the proposed QHSP method is validated against two benchmark tests. Comparing the constructed river terrains, the QHSP method can improve the accuracy by at least 15%. For the simulated flood process, the QHSP method could reproduce more acceptable modeling results as well, e.g., in Wangmaogou catchment, the numerical model applying the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) produced by the QHSP method could increase the reliability by 18.5% higher than that of CHS method. It is indicated that the QHSP method is more reliable for river terrain model construction than the CHS and is a more reasonable tool investigating the hydrodynamic processes in river channels lacking of high resolution topography data.

scholarly journals Flood depth estimation by means of high-resolution SAR images and LiDAR data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Cian ◽  
Mattia Marconcini ◽  
Pietro Ceccato ◽  
Carlo Giupponi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Depth Estimation ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Radar Imagery ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Terrain Elevation

Abstract. When floods hit inhabited areas, great losses are usually registered both in terms of impacts on people (i.e., fatalities and injuries) as well as economic impacts on urban areas, commercial and productive sites, infrastructures and agriculture. To properly assess these, several parameters are needed among which flood depth is one of the most important as it governs the models used to compute damages in economic terms. This paper presents a simple yet effective semi-automatic approach for deriving very precise inundation depth. First, precise flood extent is derived employing a change detection approach based on the Normalized Difference Flood Index computed from high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery. Second, by means of a high-resolution Light Detection And Ranging Digital Elevation Model, water surface elevation is estimated through a statistical analysis of terrain elevation along the boundary lines of the identified flooded areas. Experimental results and quality assessment are given for the flood occurred in the Veneto region, North-Eastern Italy, in 2010. In particular, the method proved fast and robust and, compared to hydrodynamic models, it requires sensibly less input information.

scholarly journals Creating long-term gridded fields of reference evapotranspiration in Alpine terrain based on a recalibrated Hargreaves method

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1211-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Haslinger ◽  
Annett Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract. A new approach for the construction of high-resolution gridded fields of reference evapotranspiration for the Austrian domain on a daily time step is presented. Gridded data of minimum and maximum temperatures are used to estimate reference evapotranspiration based on the formulation of Hargreaves. The calibration constant in the Hargreaves equation is recalibrated to the Penman–Monteith equation in a monthly and station-wise assessment. This ensures, on one hand, eliminated biases of the Hargreaves approach compared to the formulation of Penman–Monteith and, on the other hand, also reduced root mean square errors and relative errors on a daily timescale. The resulting new calibration parameters are interpolated over time to a daily temporal resolution for a standard year of 365 days. The overall novelty of the approach is the use of surface elevation as the only predictor to estimate the recalibrated Hargreaves parameter in space. A third-order polynomial is fitted to the recalibrated parameters against elevation at every station which yields a statistical model for assessing these new parameters in space by using the underlying digital elevation model of the temperature fields. With these newly calibrated parameters for every day of year and every grid point, the Hargreaves method is applied to the temperature fields, yielding reference evapotranspiration for the entire grid and time period from 1961–2013. This approach is opening opportunities to create high-resolution reference evapotranspiration fields based only temperature observations, but being as close as possible to the estimates of the Penman–Monteith approach.

scholarly journals Digitization and mapping of national legacy soil data of Montenegro

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Salković ◽  
I. Djurović ◽  
M. Knežević ◽  
V. Popović-Bugarin ◽  
A. Topalović
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This paper describes the process of digitizing Montenegro’s legacy soil data, and an initial attempt to use it for digital soil mapping (DSM) purposes. The handwritten legacy numerical records of physical and chemical properties for more than 10 000 soil profiles and semi-profiles covering whole Montenegro have been digitized, and, out of those, more than 3000 have been georeferenced. Problems and challenges of digitization addressed in the paper are: processing of non-uniform handwritten numerical records, parsing a complex textual representation of those records, georeferencing the records using digitized (scanned) legacy soil maps, creating a single computer database containing all digitized records, transforming, cleaning and validating the data. For an initial assessment of the suitability of these data for mapping purposes, inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), multiple linear regression (LR), and regression-kriging (RK) interpolation models were applied to create thematic maps of soil phosphorus. The area chosen for mapping is a 400 km<sup>2</sup> area near the city of Cetinje, containing 125 data points. LR and RK models were developed using publicly available digital elevation model (DEM) data and satellite global land survey (GLS) data as predictor variables. The digitized phosphorus quantities were normalized and scaled. The predictor variables were scaled, and principal component analysis was performed. For the best performing RK model an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.23 was obtained.

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