scholarly journals The Little Ice Age in the Tatra Mountains

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kędzia ◽  
A. Kotarba
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Precise Identification ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

The Little Ice Age (LIA) in the Tatras was characterized by both long and short rainy periods (mostly long cold rainy summers) alternated with warm periods that sometimes were very dry. Definite, precise identification of the onset and ending of the LIA in the Tatras is not possible. Depending on the criteria adopted, the limits of the actual onset and ending vary slightly. During the LIA in the Tatras, there were no fully developed glaciers, and only glacierettes were present. New rock glaciers had not formed while the existing ones did not show any activity. The LIA, in addition to the increased intensity of morphogenic processes, was also reflected in the lives of inhabitants of this part of the Carpathians. For humans the changes were very unfavourable because they were accompanied by a shortened vegetation period and crop yield deficiency that fostered the spread famine and various epidemics.

Are There Any Active Rock Glaciers in the Tatra Mountains?

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

AbstractResearch on rock glaciers have been conducted in the Tatra Mountains for about 100 years. About 30 years ago, there were papers suggesting that part of the Tatra rock glaciers was formed during the Little Ice Age. About 20 years ago, permafrost was discovered in the mountains. This discovery marked the beginning of research on the activity of rock glaciers. Ten years ago, a study was carried out on the rock glacier near the Velké Hincovo Pleso lake, which excluded any activity of this glacier in the last few hundred years, despite the high probability of the existence of permafrost in it. The following paper presents the results of lichenometric dating conducted for the activity of rock glaciers in the Świstówka Roztocka and the Buczynowa valleys.

scholarly journals Supraglacial debris-transport variability over time: examples from Switzerland and Iceland

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B. Whalley ◽  
C.F. Palmer ◽  
S.J. Hamilton ◽  
D. Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Debris Transport ◽  
Actual Volume ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

The volume of debris in the left-lateral, Little Ice Age (LIA:AD1550–1850) moraine of the Feegletscher, Valais, Switzerland was compared with the actual volume being transported currently by the glacier. The latter is smaller by a factor of about two. In Tröllaskagi, north Iceland, a surface cover of debris on top of a very slow moving glacier ice mass (glacier noir, rock glacier) has been dated by lichenometry. The age of the oldest part is commensurate with LIA moraines in the area. Knowing the volume of debris of a given age allows an estimate of the debris supply to the glacier in a given time. Again, there appears to have been a significant reduction in debris to the glacier since the turn of the 19th century. Debris input in the early LIA seems to have been particularly copious and this may be important in the formation of some glacier depositional forms such as rock glaciers.

scholarly journals The origin of glacial alpine landscape in Tröllaskagi Peninsula (North Iceland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Andrés ◽  
L. M. Tanarro ◽  
J. M. Fernández ◽  
D. Palacios
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Important Advance ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Basalt Plateau ◽  
Tertiary Basalt

The Tröllaskagi peninsula is located in north central Iceland, between meridians 19º30’W and 18º10’W , limited by Skagafjödur fiord to the west and the Eyjafjödur fiord to the east, jutting out into the North Atlantic to latitude 66º12’N and linked to the central Icelandic highlands to the south. The peninsula is a Tertiary basalt plateau topped by flat summits with altitudes of 1000-1500 m, intensely dissected by the drainage network. The aim of this present study is to synthesize the recent advances in our understanding of the landscape and its dynamics in the Tröllaskagi peninsula and find the origin of its significant difference from the rest of Iceland. Results of the most recent research suggest the situation of Tröllaskagi as ice-free, delimited by the two great glacial outlets flowing down from the Icelandic Ice Sheet through the Skagafjödur and Eyjafjödur fiords, from at least the Oldest Dryas to the end of the Early Preboreal. Inland in Tröllaskagi, the glaciers formed in the north-facing cirques without losing their alpine characteristics during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The advances of these glaciers during the Oldest, Older and Youngest Dryas and the Early Preboreal were only a few hundred metres greater than the most important advance in the second half of the Holocene, during the Little Ice Age. Only a few of these glaciers remained debris-free and are sensitive to the minor climate oscillations. The rest, due to the important geomorphological activity on their walls, developed into debris-covered and rock glaciers and lost this significant dynamism.

scholarly journals Distribución espacial y temporal de glaciares, glaciares cubiertos y glaciares rocosos durante la última deglaciación en el valle de La Bonaigua (Pirineo Central)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-446
Author(s):  
J. Ventura-Roca
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Glacial Landforms ◽  
Central Pyrenees

The application of the paleogeographic method to the study of glacial landforms and rock glaciers allows their morphometric and sedimentological characterization, the establishment of a detailed morphostratigraphic sequence and a chronological proposal for the identified glacial phases. This study analyzes 86 landforms (57 glacial deposits, 21 rock glaciers and 8 protalus ramparts) in the Bonaigua Valley (Noguera Pallaresa Basin, Central Pyrenees), with special attention to the differentiation between debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers. Other subjects studied concerning rock glaciers are: distinguish its glacial or periglacial origin; the possible current activity of some landforms, and the detection of rock glaciers located at low altitudes (in the current forest environment) through the use of high-resolution digital elevation model (2x2 m) from LIDAR data. The chronological hypothesis elaborated by correlation with other high Pyrenean valleys (with absolute ages available) includes 7 phases (6 glacial phases and 1 periglacial phase) in which co-exist and/or evolve, in a paraglacial dynamic, glaciers, debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers, and that we temporarily place between the end of the Oldest Dryas and the Little Ice Age.

scholarly journals Equilibrium-line altitudes and rock glaciers during the Younger Dryas cooling event, Ferwall group, western Tyrol, Austria

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Sailer ◽  
Hanns Kerschner
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Equilibrium Line ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Temperature Depression

AbstractThree cirques in the Ferwall group, western Tyrol, Austria, which are characterized by distinct Late-glacial moraines and rock glaciers, are discussed. The morphology of the moraines and the depression of the equilibrium-line altitude suggest they were deposited during the Egesen Stadial (Younger Dryas), which can be subdivided into three substages. Rock-glacier formation was initialized during or after the Egesen II substage. They became inactive at the Pleistocene—Holocene transition. ELA values are 290–320 m lower than the Little Ice Age ELA during the Egesen I substage, 190–230 m lower during the Egesen II substage and 120 —160 m lower during the Egesen III substage. The lowering of the rock-glacier belt (discontinuous permafrost) during and after the Egesen II substage is about 400 m, indicating a mean annual air-temperature depression in the order of 3 K. During the Egesen I (earlyYounger Dryas), the climate seems to have been rather cold and wet with precipitation similar to present-day values. During later phases (Egesen II and III), the climate remained cold and became increasingly drier. The rise of the ELA during the Egesen I—III substages seems to have been mainly caused by a decrease in precipitation.

Relationships between glacier and rock glacier in the Maritime Alps, Schiantala Valley, Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Ribolini ◽  
Alessandro Chelli ◽  
Mauro Guglielmin ◽  
Marta Pappalardo
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Dc Resistivity ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Maritime Alps ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the Schiantala Valley of the Maritime Alps, the relationship between a till-like body and a contiguous rock glacier has been analyzed using geomorphologic, geoelectric and ice-petrographic methodologies. DC resistivity tomographies undertaken in the till and in the rock glacier show the presence of buried massive ice and ice-rich sediments, respectively. Ice samples from a massive ice outcrop show spherical gas inclusions and equidimensional ice crystals that are randomly orientated, confirming the typical petrographic characteristics of sedimentary ice. The rock glacier formation began after a phase of glacier expansion about 2550"50 14C yr BP. Further ice advance during the Little Ice Age (LIA) overrode the rock glacier root and caused partial shrinkage of the pre-existing permafrost. Finally, during the 19th and 20th centuries, the glacial surface became totally debris covered. Geomorphological and geophysical methods combined with analyses of ice structure and fabric can effectively interpret the genesis of landforms in an environment where glaciers and permafrost interact. Ice petrography proved especially useful for differentiating ice of past glaciers versus ice formed under permafrost conditions. These two mechanisms of ice formation are common in the Maritime Alps where many sites of modern rock glaciers were formerly occupied by LIA glaciers.

scholarly journals Endemic taxa of vascular plants in the Polish Carpathians

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa ◽  
Zbigniew Mirek
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

The Carpathians, particularly their highest massif, the Tatra Mountains, exhibit the greatest richness of endemics in Poland. The present paper is a critical recapitulation of existing knowledge of endemism among the vascular plants of the Polish part of the Carpathians. It comprises a list of all 110 taxa (49 species, 26 microspecies of the genus <em>Alchemilla </em>and 35 conspicuous subspecies) that can be considered Carpathian endemics or subendemics. Their distribution, vertical ranges and habitats are characterized.

scholarly journals Supraglacial debris-transport variability over time: examples from Switzerland and Iceland

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B. Whalley ◽  
C.F. Palmer ◽  
S.J. Hamilton ◽  
D. Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Debris Transport ◽  
Actual Volume ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

The volume of debris in the left-lateral, Little Ice Age (LIA: AD 1550–1850) moraine of the Feegletscher, Valais, Switzerland was compared with the actual volume being transported currently by the glacier. The latter is smaller by a factor of about two. In Tröllaskagi, north Iceland, a surface cover of debris on top of a very slow moving glacier ice mass (glacier noir, rock glacier) has been dated by lichenometry. The age of the oldest part is commensurate with LIA moraines in the area. Knowing the volume of debris of a given age allows an estimate of the debris supply to the glacier in a given time. Again, there appears to have been a significant reduction in debris to the glacier since the turn of the 19th century. Debris input in the early LIA seems to have been particularly copious and this may be important in the formation of some glacier depositional forms such as rock glaciers.

scholarly journals Frosty, Freezing and Severe Freezing Days and Their Synoptic Implications in Małopolska, Southern Poland, 1951–2000

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska ◽  
Ewa Łupikasza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Southern Sector ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

Abstract This study discusses the occurrence of days with unique thermal characteristics for the period 1951-2000. The authors investigated longterm variability, probability of occurrence and synoptic conditions favourable to frosty (tmin≤0˚C ∧ tmax>0˚C), freezing (tmax<0˚C) and severe freezing (tmax<-10˚C) days at six stations in the southern part of Poland. The occurrence of frosty days is characterized by the highest diversity, both in spatial and temporal terms and these days depend on the landform to the highest degree. The number of freezing days ranged from 28-30 in the foothills of the Carpathians to 147 at 2000 m a.s.l. in the Tatra Mountains, with severe freezing days from ca. 2 to ca. 18 days respectively, though no distinct trends were noted in their long-term progression. The anticyclonic situations and air mass advection from the southern sector (frosty days), from the east, south-east and north (freezing and severe freezing days) were the most favourable for the days examined.

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