scholarly journals Stability and Resilience of Seagrasses in Shallow Coastal Bays

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Bays ◽  
Shallow Coastal Bays ◽  
Stability And Resilience

Wave Attenuation by Oyster Reefs in Shallow Coastal Bays

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Wiberg ◽  
Sara R. Taube ◽  
Amy E. Ferguson ◽  
Marnie R. Kremer ◽  
Matthew A. Reidenbach
Keyword(s):  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Oyster Reefs ◽  
Coastal Bays ◽  
Shallow Coastal Bays

scholarly journals Microphytobenthos and benthic macroalgae determine sediment organic matter composition in shallow photic sediments

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2791-2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hardison ◽  
E. A. Canuel ◽  
I. C. Anderson ◽  
C. R. Tobias ◽  
B. Veuger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sediment Organic Matter ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Mole Percent ◽  
Coastal Bays ◽  
Shallow Coastal Bays ◽  
Benthic Macroalgae

Abstract. Benthic macroalgae are a common symptom of eutrophication in shallow coastal bays as a result of increased nutrient loads. Microphytobenthos (MPB) and benthic macroalgae play an important role in system metabolism within shallow coastal bays. However, their independent and interactive influences on sediment organic matter (SOM) are not well understood. We investigated the influence of macroalgae and MPB on SOM quantity and quality in an experimental mesocosm system using bulk and molecular level (total hydrolyzable amino acids, THAA; phospholipid linked fatty acids, PLFA; pigment) analyses. Our experiment used an incomplete factorial design made up of two factors, each with two levels: (1) light (ambient vs. dark) and (2) macroalgae (presence vs. absence of live macroalgae). Over the course of the 42-day experiment, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) increased under ambient light by 173 ± 14 and 141 ± 7%, respectively, compared to in the dark (78 ± 29 and 39 ± 22%). THAA comprised a substantial fraction of SOM (∼16% of TOC, 35% of TN) and followed TOC and TN accumulation patterns. Mole percent composition of the THAA pool indicated that SOM was composed of more labile organic material (e.g. L-glutamic acid, phenylalanine) under ambient light conditions while SOM in dark treatments was more degraded, with higher proportions of glycine and D-alanine. PLFA content, which represents viable biomass, made up ∼1% of TOC and contained high levels of algal fatty acids in the light, particularly PLFA derived from diatoms. In the presence of MPB (i.e. light and macroalgae treatments), SOM lability increased, resulting in the observed increases in bacterial PLFA concentrations. Macroalgae, which were added to half of the light treatments, decreased SOM accumulation compared to light treatments without macroalgae, with TOC and TN increasing by only 130 ± 32 and 94 ± 24 %, respectively. This decrease likely resulted from shading by macroalgae, which reduced production of MPB. The presence of macroalgae decreased SOM lability as well, which resulted in diminished buildup of bacterial biomass. By the final day of the experiment, PCA analyses revealed that sediment composition in treatments with macroalgae were more similar to dark treatments and less similar to light treatments without macroalgae. Overall MPB and benthic macroalgae fundamentally altered SOM quality and quantity, which may have notable ecological consequences for shallow-water systems such as increased hypoxia/anoxia, sulfide accumulation, enhanced mineralization and/or stimulated denitrification.

Quantifying the distribution and influence of non-uniform bed properties in shallow coastal bays

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 746-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Wiberg ◽  
Joel A. Carr ◽  
Ilgar Safak ◽  
Arachaporn Anutaliya
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Bays ◽  
Shallow Coastal Bays

Controls on residence time and exchange in a system of shallow coastal bays

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Safak ◽  
P.L. Wiberg ◽  
D.L. Richardson ◽  
M.O. Kurum
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Coastal Bays ◽  
Shallow Coastal Bays

scholarly journals Eutrophication in shallow coastal bays and lagoons: the role of plants in the coastal filter

2007 ◽  
Vol 348 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ McGlathery ◽  
K Sundbäck ◽  
IC Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Bays ◽  
Shallow Coastal Bays

Integrated Assessment of the Dynamics, Stability and Resilience of the Inner Mongolian Grazing Ecosystems

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Christensen ◽  
Shauna BurnSilver ◽  
Michael Coughenour
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Stability And Resilience ◽  
Dynamics Stability

scholarly journals The crucial role of mulch to enhance the stability and resilience of cropping systems in southern Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing Mhlanga ◽  
Laura Ercoli ◽  
Elisa Pellegrino ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Christian Thierfelder
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Resilience

AbstractConservation agriculture has been promoted to sustainably intensify food production in smallholder farming systems in southern Africa. However, farmers have rarely fully implemented all its components, resulting in different combinations of no-tillage, crop rotation, and permanent soil cover being practiced, thus resulting in variable yield responses depending on climatic and soil conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the effect of conservation agriculture components on yield stability. We hypothesized that the use of all three conservation agriculture components would perform the best, resulting in more stable production in all environments. We evaluated at, eight trial locations across southern Africa, how partial and full implementation of these components affected crop yield and yield stability compared with conventional tillage alone or combined with mulching and/or crop rotation. Grain yield and shoot biomass of maize and cowpea were recorded along with precipitation for 2 to 5 years. Across different environments, the addition of crop rotation and mulch to no-tillage increased maize grain by 6%, and the same practices added to conventional tillage led to 13% yield increase. Conversely, adding only mulch or crop rotation to no-tillage or conventional tillage led to lower or equal maize yield. Stability analyses based on Shukla’s index showed for the first time that the most stable systems are those in which mulch is added without crop rotation. Moreover, the highest yielding systems were the least stable. Finally, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis allowed clarifying that mulch added to no-tillage gives stable yields on sandy soil with high rainfall. Similarly, mulch added to conventional tillage gives stable yield on sandy soil, but under low rainfall. This is the first study that highlighted the crucial role of mulch to enhance the stability and resilience of cropping systems in southern Africa, supporting their adaptability to climate change.

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