scholarly journals How Did Reciprocity Evolve in Online Communication? Turnout of Reciprocal Altruism

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Cyntia Valociková ◽  
Jolán Velencei
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
International Research ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Reciprocal Altruism ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Large Investment

Why do we help strangers on the Internet? Sharing our experience, knowledge, or information does not involve a large investment of energy, yet users often expect to be rewarded for sharing their personal resources. Economics and other disciplines call this type of exchange reciprocal altruism. The present research introduces different types of altruism and then deals with reciprocal altruism. It describes how this form of selflessness can appear in social media. The aim of the research is to create an overview of Hungarian and international research, which is the first step of a long-term, comprehensive research project.

scholarly journals Using the New Media by Companies From the Sme Sector in Podkarpackie Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Masłyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Media Development ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Online Presence ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Abstract The main purpose of this article is to present the results of research concerning the use of social media by companies from the SME sector in Podkarpackie Province. The article includes data obtained in the first stage of the study, which is a part of a research project on the use of social media in the area of creating the image of an organization / company as an employer.The survey covered the entire population of companies from the SME sector, which are registered in Podkarpackie Province (REGON database). The research phase, the results of which are presented in this article, mainly involved the analysis of data on companies from the SME sector in Podkarpackie Province in terms of their presence on the Internet (having an individual website, having company profiles on selected social networks). The results of the first stage of the study confirm that the companies see the potential of the online presence / functioning in social media (more and more companies have their own website, Facebook profiles). The dynamics of changes in this area is definitely not adequate to the pace of new media development. On the basis of preliminary results of further stages of the research, it can also be concluded that in the vast majority of cases, however, these are non-strategic and non-systematic activities.

What is Indian in Indian English? Markers of Indianness in Hindi-Speaking Users’ Social Media Communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Dąbrowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Gender Preferences ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Classical Study ◽  
Global Status

Public communication in the contemporary world constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon. The Internet offers unlimited possibilities of contact and public expression, locally and globally, yet exerts its power, inducing use of the Internet lingo, loosening language norms, and encourages the use of a lingua franca, English in particular. This leads to linguistic choices that are liberating for some and difficult for others on ideological grounds, due to the norms of the discourse community, or simply because of insufficient language skills and linguistic means available. Such choices appear to particularly characterise post-colonial states, in which the co-existence of multiple local tongues with the language once imperially imposed and now owned by local users makes the web of repertoires especially complex. Such a case is no doubt India, where the use of English alongside the nationally encouraged Hindi and state languages stems not only from its historical past, but especially its present position enhanced not only by its local prestige, but also by its global status too, and also as the primary language of Online communication. The Internet, however, has also been recognised as a medium that encourages, and even revitalises, the use of local tongues, and which may manifest itself through the choice of a given language as the main medium of communication, or only a symbolic one, indicated by certain lexical or grammatical features as identity markers. It is therefore of particular interest to investigate how members of such a multilingual community, represented here by Hindi users, convey their cultural identity when interacting with friends and the general public Online, on social media sites. This study is motivated by Kachru’s (1983) classical study, and, among others, a recent discussion concerning the use of Hinglish (Kothari and Snell, eds., 2011). This paper analyses posts by Hindi users on Facebook (private profiles and fanpages) and Twitter, where personalities of users are largely known, and on YouTube, where they are often hidden, in order to identify how the users mark their Indian identity. Investigated will be Hindi lexical items, grammatical aspects and word order, cases of code-switching, and locally coloured uses of English words and spelling conventions, with an aim to establish, also from the point of view of gender preferences, the most dominating linguistic patterns found Online.

Social Media, Surgeons, and the Internet: An Era or an Error?

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Azu ◽  
Elizabeth J. Lilley ◽  
Aparna H. Kolli
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Primary Care Setting ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Corporation ◽  
Physician Rating ◽  
Access Information ◽  
The Impact

According to the National Research Corporation, 1 in 5 Americans use social media sites to obtain healthcare information. Patients can easily access information on medical conditions and medical professionals; however physicians may not be aware of the nature and impact of this information. All physicians must learn to use the Internet to their advantage and be acutely aware of the disadvantages. Surgeons are in a unique position because, unlike in the primary care setting, less time is spent developing a long-term relationship with the patient. In this literature review, we discuss the impact of the Internet, social networking websites, and physician rating websites and make recommendations for surgeons about managing digital identity and maintaining professionalism.

scholarly journals Internet use in Brazil: speeding up or lagging behind?

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda Olinto ◽  
Suely Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Evidence

The evolution of internet access and use in Brazil in the direction of social inclusiveness and to guarantee uses that promote individual and community development is the focus of the present paper. Previous evidence on the subject initially presented indicates the prevalence of contrasting aspects: some outstanding positive initiatives and results towards democratization of the internet, as well as the maintenance of great digital inequalities. New evidence on the evolution of internet access and use is also discussed herein, based on analyses of longitudinal data obtained from the Brazilian Census Bureau’s Annual Survey (IBGE/PNAD, 2005, 2008). After describing aspects of increase in access to the internet, we focus on the evolution of different types of everyday life internet uses, particularly those that might contribute to individual and community development. How accesses and uses are gradually incorporating the less privileged sectors of the Brazilian adult population is also considered in the analyses. The results obtained reinforce the previous contrasting evidences: outstanding growth in access and in diversified uses are observed - suggesting intensive appropriation of internet technology and resources by the population - as well as the persistence of great inequalities. These circumstances indicate that the digital divide in Brazil is still a great challenge to be faced through comprehensive and long-term policies and initiatives.

scholarly journals Sharenting – skala i wielowymiarowość zjawiska (nierozważnego) ujawniania przez rodziców informacji o dzieciach w mediach społecznościowych

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Bożena Chrostowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Different Types

The scope of the article is to discuss the issue of the parents sharing the information about their children in social media. Basing on literature and researches review, the scale of sharenting phenomenon was introduced. Its different types were discussed and its chosen legal, ethical and social aspects were characterized. The risks (i.e. identity theft and exposing children to cyberviolence) and rewards (i.e. sharing the experience, seeking and providing support) of such parents’ activity in the Internet were presented as well. Sharenting generates dilemmas connected with finding the balance between the parents’ right to express freely and the child’s right to have privacy, dignity and identity. There is a need of educational actions, directed to both parents and society, about the children’s security and safety of their privacy in the Internet.

scholarly journals ON A NEWLY-COINED GROUP OF VERBS IN BULGARIAN AND RUSSIAN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNET LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Yana MANOVA-GEORGIEVA ◽  
Mariya BAGASHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
New Words ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
The People ◽  
Constant Part ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Active Communication

e influence of the Internet can be felt in all aspects of our lives – people live online, read online, getinformed and even get married online. Online communication has become our main source of exchanging ideas, getting information and even broadening our personal vocabulary. The language of the Internet has started being used on a daily basis, notwithstanding the age, status and occupation of the people involved in this kind of communication. In fact, the ones that appear to be most influenced by the Internet language are the younger generation. Not surprisingly, their imagination can becompared to a deep well abounding in new words and phrases that they automatically adopt in their everyday conversations using various Internet platforms. Even before youngsters can speak English, they start using certain phrases so as to sound cool and attractive, thus receiving more attention. And since the language on the Internet is a language of active communication, the hereby presented paper deals with the coinage of a new group of verbs in Bulgarian and Russian which have entered the youth slang, namely verbs such as хейтвам, лайквам, фейсбуквам (Bulgarian) ; апгрейдить, блинковать, юзать (Russian). Their appearance is influenced by the Internet and social media, which have proven to be a constant part of the life of teenagers, as well as English, which is the language of the Internet. What is investigated are the reasons for the coinage of this group of neologisms in both languages of interest, their word-formative patterns, and the peculiarities in their usage in Bulgarian and Russian.

scholarly journals The perception of the journalist’s profession in the context of fake news dissemination by official and social media

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Dariusz Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
International Research ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Research Project ◽  
High Level ◽  
International Research Project

The majority (57%) of Polish press, radio and TV journalists participating in a survey conducted in 2019 considered the dissemination of fake news to be a common phenomenon. The mass scale of this process was also noted by the majority (88%) of communication experts participating in an international research project also carried out in 2019. The threat of misinformation has become one of the elements that shapes the perception of the profession’s prestige by journalists, and also influences the selfesteem of professionalism. A comparison with surveys conducted in 2015 and 2016 showed that the percentage of journalists perceiving high (from 13% to 38%) rather than low (from 7% to 17%) social recognition for their profession increased significantly. However, their belief in a high level of professionalism decreased (from 60% to 49%), and the number of respondents reporting a noticeable lack of competence and substantive preparation among journalists (from 16% to 35%) increased.

scholarly journals Researching intimacy through social media: A cross-platform approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (60) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Cristina Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Media Interaction

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of how to study the way people build intimacy and manage privacy through social media interaction. It explores the research design and methodology of a research project based on a multi-sited case study composed of three different social media platforms: Badoo, CouchSurfing, and Facebook. This cross-platform approach is useful to observe how intimacy is often negotiated across different platforms. The research project focuses on the cities of Leeds (UK) and Barcelona (Spain). In particular, this article discusses the methods used to recruit participants and collect data for that study - namely, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and user profiles analysis. This cross-platform approach and multi-method research design is helpful to investigate the nature of intimacy practices facilitated by social media at several levels: online/offline, across different platforms, among different types of relationships, within both new and existing relationships, and in different locations

Social Media Metrics in an Academic Setup

2017 ◽  
pp. 116-130
Author(s):  
Tasleem Arif ◽  
Rashid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Present Status ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Network Metrics ◽  
Network Analysis Metrics

Social media is perhaps responsible for largest share of traffic on the Internet. It is one of the largest online activities with people from all over the globe making its use for some sort of activity. The behaviour of these networks, important actors and groups and the way individual actors influence an idea or activity on these networks, etc. can be measured using social network analysis metrics. These metrics can be as simple as number of likes on Facebook or number of views on YouTube or as complex as clustering co-efficient which determines future collaborations on the basis of present status of the network. This chapter explores and discusses various social network metrics which can be used to analyse and explain important questions related to different types of networks. It also tries to explain the basic mathematics behind the working of these metrics. The use of these metrics for analysis of collaboration networks in an academic setup has been explored and results presented. A new metric called “Average Degree of Collaboration” has been defined to quantify collaborations within institutions.

scholarly journals Online Engagement Between Opposing Political Protest Groups via Social Media is Linked to Physical Violence of Offline Encounters

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630512098444
Author(s):  
John D. Gallacher ◽  
Marc W. Heerdink ◽  
Miles Hewstone
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Real ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Spectrum

The rise of the Internet and social media has allowed individuals with different backgrounds, experiences, and opinions to communicate with one another in an open and largely unstructured way. One important question is whether the nature of online engagements between groups relates to the nature of encounters between these groups in the real world. We analyzed online conversations that occurred between members of protest groups from opposite sides of the political spectrum, obtained from Facebook event pages used to organize upcoming political protests and rallies in the United States and the United Kingdom and the occurrence of violence during these protests and rallies. Using natural language processing and text analysis, we show that increased engagement between groups online is associated with increased violence when these groups met in the real world. The level of engagement between groups taking place online is substantial, and can be characterized as negative, brief, and low in integrative complexity. These findings suggest that opposing groups may use unstructured online environments to engage with one another in hostile ways. This may reflect a worsening of relationships, in turn explaining the observed increases in physical violence offline. These findings raise questions as to whether unstructured online communication is compatible with positive intergroup contact, and highlights the role that the Internet might play in wider issues of extremism and radicalization.

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