Molecular evidence of the existence of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria in the gut of polychaete (Neanthes glandicincta)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Ji-Dong GU
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Axial Distribution ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Neanthes Glandicincta

Neanthes are one of the most important groups of polychaete in coastal sediments, which play an important role on the nutrient cycling in coastal sediments. Here we report on the existence of anammox bacteria in the gut of polychaete Neanthes glandicincta based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Three distinct clusters of anammox bacteria are found in different gut sections of N. glandicincta, and one of them is considered as a novel, gut specific anammox bacteria after comparing with the anammox bacteria recovered from surrounding pre-digested sediment. The uniform axial distribution of anammox bacteria in different gut sections of N. glandicincta is also found in present study. These results extend our knowledge of microbial ecology of anammox bacteria in the natural environments.

Identification of anammox bacteria in a full-scale deammonification plant making use of anaerobic ammonia oxidation

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Innerebner ◽  
Heribert Insam ◽  
Ingrid H. Franke-Whittle ◽  
Bernhard Wett
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation

Research on Startup Process and Influencing Factors of Half-Nitrosofication in CANON Reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1464-1468
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
La Hua Jin
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Startup Process

The experimental study on startup process of half-nitrosofication for high ammonia nitrogen simulated wastewater has been accomplished with a reactor of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON). The startup process and its influences of the concentration of influent , DO and pH were analyzed with the experimental results. The results show that the conversion rate of to is close to 55%, the accumulation rate of is over 95% and the rate of to steadily keeps as 1.02~1.24 under the condition of influent of 400 mg/L, pH of 7.6~8.2, DO of 0.95~1.3mg/L, HRT of 1.5d and water temperature of 17~27°C, which meet the environmental requirements for anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria growth, and half-nitrosofication was achieved in the CANON reactor, which create good conditions for further enrichment of anammox bacteria for the operation of the CANON reactor.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence for the Broad Distribution of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria in Freshwater and Marine Sediments

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 6829-6832 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ryan Penton ◽  
Allan H. Devol ◽  
James M. Tiedje
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Primer Sets

ABSTRACT Previously available primer sets for detecting anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are inefficient, resulting in a very limited database of such sequences, which limits knowledge of their ecology. To overcome this limitation, we designed a new primer set that was 100% specific in the recovery of ∼700-bp 16S rRNA gene sequences with >96% homology to the “Candidatus Scalindua” group of anammox bacteria, and we detected this group at all sites studied, including a variety of freshwater and marine sediments and permafrost soil. A second primer set was designed that exhibited greater efficiency than previous primers in recovering full-length (1,380-bp) sequences related to “Ca. Scalindua,” “Candidatus Brocadia,” and “Candidatus Kuenenia.” This study provides evidence for the widespread distribution of anammox bacteria in that it detected closely related anammox 16S rRNA gene sequences in 11 geographically and biogeochemically diverse freshwater and marine sediments.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Bakteri Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) Pada Salinitas 2 dan 9 Persen

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Wijanarka Wijanarka ◽  
Sudarno Sudarno ◽  
Novi A. Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Process

When ammonia in waste water is lost inappropriately, it  will raise an adverse environmental effect for the aquatic cycle. Anammox, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, is a novel process in which nitrite is used as an electron acceptor in the conversion of ammonium to nitrogen gas. The anammox process removes ammonium in the autrotrophic system by leaving little biomass. This study aims to analyze the effect of salinity on the growth of anammox bacteria. The samples used were from the brackish water sediments of the East Flood Canal River of Semarang. The isolation was done by gram staining and the bacteria were inoculated on media with different salinity concentration and the growth was measured using spectrophotometer. The results showed that anammox bacteria had a higher growth rate of 3% (control) when it was grown on a medium with a concentration of 9%. Anammox bacteria grown on anammox selective media showed that the bacteria were able to adapt to environments with different salinity concentrations of 2% and 9%. Key words: anammox, ammonium, nitrogen, anammox bacteria.

Nitrate sources and sinks in oligotrophic groundwater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Herrmann ◽  
Markus Krüger ◽  
Bo Thamdrup ◽  
Kirsten Küsel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Nitrification Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Limestone Aquifers

<p>Despite the high relevance of karstic aquifers as drinking water reservoirs, nitrate pollution of groundwater is posing an increasing threat on a global scale. Under anoxic conditions, nitrate can be converted to N<sub>2</sub> by denitrification or anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and thus be removed from the system. However, in the presence of oxygen, nitrification may continue in the groundwater, supported by the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), archaea (AOA), and the recently discovered complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox bacteria). We aimed to disentangle different sources and sinks of nitrate and key microbial players involved in nitrogen transformation processes in oligotrophic limestone aquifers of the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (CZE; Germany). Assessment of process rates using <sup>15</sup>N-labeling techniques revealed a variance of nitrification rates by two orders of magnitude across six oxic groundwater wells. Surprisingly, wells with nitrate concentrations higher than 300 µmol L<sup>−1</sup> showed only very low nitrification activity of less than 2 nmol NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, pointing to surface inputs rather than in situ production. In turn, maximum nitrification activity of 127 nmol NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> coincided with a consistently large fraction of comammox bacteria of more than 70% in the groundwater nitrifier community. Estimated per cell activities of ammonia oxidation suggested that a contribution from comammox was needed to sufficiently explain the observed nitrification rates. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and denitrification as potential nitrate or nitrite sinks varied within a smaller range of 1 to 5 nmol N<sub>2</sub> L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1 </sup>across anoxic wells and were dominated by anammox, most likely linked to a low availability of organic carbon and suitable inorganic electron donors for chemolithoautotrophic denitrification. Differences in activities agreed well with 100 times higher transcriptional activity of <em>hzsA</em> genes involved in anammox compared to <em>nirS</em> genes involved in denitrification. Our findings provide strong evidence for nitrification supported by comammox bacteria in oligotrophic groundwater and for anammox as the dominating N removing process.</p>

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Diversity, Abundance, and Axial Distribution of Bacteria in the Intestinal Tract of Two Soil-Feeding Termites (Cubitermes spp.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6007-6017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Schmitt-Wagner ◽  
Michael W. Friedrich ◽  
Bianca Wagner ◽  
Andreas Brune
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Axial Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Clone Libraries ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT The hindgut of soil-feeding termites is highly compartmentalized and characterized by pronounced axial dynamics of the intestinal pH and microbial processes such as hydrogen production, methanogenesis, and reductive acetogenesis. Nothing is known about the bacterial diversity and the abundance or axial distribution of the major phylogenetic groups in the different gut compartments. In this study, we showed that the variety of physicochemical conditions is reflected in the diversity of the microbial communities in the different gut compartments of two Cubitermes species (Termitidae: Termitinae). 16S rRNA gene clones from the highly alkaline first proctodeal segment (P1) of Cubitermes orthognathus represented almost exclusively gram-positive bacteria with low G+C content (LGC bacteria). In the posterior gut segments, their proportion decreased progressively, and the clone libraries comprised a variety of phyla, including the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group, various subgroups of Proteobacteria, and the spirochetes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that many of the clones clustered with sequences from the guts of other termites, and some even formed clusters containing only clones from C. orthognathus. The abundance and axial distribution of major phylogenetic groups in the gut of Cubitermes ugandensis were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization with group-specific oligonucleotide probes. While the results were generally in good agreement with those of the clonal analysis, direct counts with probes specific for the Planctomycetales revealed a severe underestimation of representatives of this phylum in the clone libraries. Results obtained with newly designed FISH probes directed against two clusters of LGC clones from C. orthognathus indicated that the clones were restricted to specific gut regions. A molecular fingerprinting analysis published in a companion paper (D. Schmitt-Wagner, M. W. Friedrich, B. Wagner, and A. Brune, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:6018-6024, 2003) corroborated the presence of compartment-specific bacterial communities in the gut of different Cubitermes species.

scholarly journals Effects of Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater on Anammox Performance and Community Structure

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. C. Roques ◽  
Federico Micolucci ◽  
Suguru Hosokawa ◽  
Kristina Sundell ◽  
Tomonori Kindaichi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Subsequent Phase

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are good candidates for the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector. A current limitation of RAS is the production and accumulation of nitrogenous waste, which could affect fish health. We investigated the potential of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process to treat marine wastewater from a cold-water RAS. We show that the marine anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua is a promising candidate. However, its activity was affected by unknown compounds in the RAS wastewater and/or the sub-optimum of essential trace elements (TEs). Anammox activity dropped to 2% and 13% in NH4+ and NO2- removal, respectively, when nitrate-rich RAS wastewater was used as a medium in the absence of TE supplementation. A TE supplementation was added to the RAS wastewater in a subsequent phase, and a recovery in anammox activity was shown (25% and 24% in NH4+ and NO2- removal, respectively). Future studies need to identify the unknown factor and determine the specific needs regarding TE for optimal RAS wastewater treatment by Candidatus Scalindua.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence for Association of Chlamydiales Bacteria with Epitheliocystis in Leafy Seadragon (Phycodurus eques), Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), and Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Meijer ◽  
Paul J. M. Roholl ◽  
Jacobus M. Ossewaarde ◽  
Brian Jones ◽  
Barbara F. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Specific Sequences

ABSTRACT Epitheliocystis in leafy seadragon (Phycodurus eques), silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), and barramundi (Lates calcarifer), previously associated with chlamydial bacterial infection using ultrastructural analysis, was further investigated by using molecular and immunocytochemical methods. Morphologically, all three species showed epitheliocystis cysts in the gills, and barramundi also showed lymphocystis cysts in the skin. From gill cysts of all three species and from skin cysts of barramundi 16S rRNA gene fragments were amplified by PCR and sequenced, which clustered by phylogenetic analysis together with other chlamydia-like organisms in the order Chlamydiales in a lineage separate from the family Chlamydiaceae. By using in situ RNA hybridization, 16S rRNA Chlamydiales-specific sequences were detected in gill cysts of silver perch and in gill and skin cysts of barramundi. By applying immunocytochemistry, chlamydial antigens (lipopolysaccharide and/or membrane protein) were detected in gill cysts of leafy seadragon and in gill and skin cysts of barramundi, but not in gill cysts of silver perch. In conclusion, this is the first time epitheliocystis agents of leafy seadragon, silver perch and barramundi have been undoubtedly identified as belonging to bacteria of the order Chlamydiales by molecular methods. In addition, the results suggested that lymphocystis cysts, known to be caused by iridovirus infection, could be coinfected with the epitheliocystis agent.

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