scholarly journals Terror on the Internet: Comparing the United States and European Union Social Media Regulations to Prevent Terrorism

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-562
Author(s):  
Madeline Schneider

         

Author(s):  
Tuve Floden

Muslim television preachers, also called Muslim televangelists or media preachers, became popular with the rise of television, satellite networks, and the Internet. However, these individuals can trace their roots to earlier preachers who used newspapers, radio, and cassettes, as well as the phenomenon of popular storytellers from the medieval period. Today, Muslim television preachers are found worldwide, both inside and outside the Arab world, in countries such as Egypt, India, Indonesia, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the United States, and more. Some of these preachers have traditional religious educations, with degrees from Al-Azhar or elsewhere, but many do not, instead holding degrees in subjects like business, accounting, or engineering. Like their counterparts from other religions, Muslim television preachers have also expanded beyond the realm of television and often spread their message through other means, such as seminars and lectures, book publications, websites, videos on YouTube, and social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter. Prominent examples of Muslim television preachers include Amr Khaled and Yusuf al-Qaradawi, as well as others like Muhammad al-Sha‘rawi and Moez Masoud of Egypt, Muhammad Hassan and Wagdi Ghoneim (Salafi preachers from Egypt), Javed Ahmad Ghamidi and Farhat Hashmi of Pakistan, Zakir Naik of India, Abdullah Gymnastiar (Aa Gym) and Arifin Ilham of Indonesia, Tareq al-Suwaidan of Kuwait, and Ahmad al-Shugairi of Saudi Arabia, to name a few.


Author(s):  
Pavel Zemliansky ◽  
Olena Goroshko

In recent years, cross-national web-based teaching projects have become very popular in many fields. During such projects, participants from different countries work together on collaborative tasks. Communications among project participants take place over the Internet, including via social media. In this chapter, the author reports the results of social media use in one such project, which brought together students from the United States and Ukraine. A pre and post project survey taken by the participants demonstrate the main opportunities and challenges afforded by social media to educators. The reporting and analysis of the survey results are preceded by a review of relevant literature, which contextualizes our findings.


The COVID-19 pandemic has colored the politics of 2020 from international to domestic, and the responses by countries have been politicized and limited by various actors. Regimes, both democratic and not, are using the chaotic pandemic environment to consolidate power under the executive, control the masses through decree, and shifting towards national and power bloc supply chains from the international supply chain that has been for all nations in the era of globalization and immediately after. This chapter will provide insight into how various nation-states are using nationalism to combat the pandemic, including the United States, United Kingdom, Chile, Russia, and Hungary. The chapter highlights the availability of the internet and social media platforms to spread mis- and dis-information that can hinder the work of a legitimate government attempting to respond earnestly and effectively to the pandemic.


Author(s):  
Tarika Daftary-Kapur ◽  
Steven D. Penrod

Although juror misconduct has always been a concern, the prevalence of technology available to jurors has increased the ease with which jurors can improperly communicate with others, publish information regarding the trial, and conduct outside research on the case. This chapter discusses the role of the Internet and social media in the courtroom and how access to this information in the form of midtrial publicity might impact juror decision-making. Additionally, it discusses steps that have been taken by courts around the United States to address the issue of Internet use by jurors as well as recommendations to limit the impact of the Internet and social media on juror decision-making.


2020 ◽  
pp. 138-158
Author(s):  
Ian J. Lloyd

The Internet has created a global network whereby data may be processed and transferred on a global basis. The practice of transborder data flows creates significant challenges for national laws and their enforcement and the desire to exert a degree of control over these has formed a significant component within data protection laws. The European Union has applied the basic rule that transfers will automatically be permitted only to countries that provide an “adequate” level of protection. Determination what is adequate is a complex task and a variety of other rules may also apply, especially those concerning data flows to or from the United States which applies a different model of protection to that pertaining in Europe.


Genealogy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Bernard T. Punzalan

With the advent of technology, the Chamorro Roots Genealogy Project has evolved from a personal family project into a CHamoru peoples’ project with a database containing over 344,000 names and globally accessible over the internet. The technological presence is not only for CHamoru-specific genealogists. Its accessibility is also important for an ever-growing CHamoru diaspora population of over 147,798 in the United States, where the majority of the CHamoru population now resides. In this paper, I will discuss some of the Project’s history, technological tools to network, communicate, and collaborate on the Project’s data. This includes the publication of the transcribed 1920 and 1930 Census of Guam with observational comments. The essay concludes with a brief observation of methods, use and results of social media as a key collaborating mechanism that is the genesis for further developing a comprehensive index of CHamoru family clan names and a first name-nickname dictionary. The global accessibility of these resources produced from this Project will continue to add to the availability of CHamoru genealogy resources locally and abroad. More importantly, perhaps it will provide a key data-mining resource for scholars to review and interpret data that will enable another aspect to the knowledge-base of CHamoru history from a genealogical lens.


Author(s):  
Kyle Wilhelm ◽  
Andrew Knight

Abstract More and more music therapists in the United States are entering into private practice. For a private practice to survive, a therapist must make sound financial and marketing decisions that can have wide-ranging implications on the success of the business. Clear and current recommendations from music therapists in private practice can help those wanting to go into private practice as well as those already in private practice. The purpose of this study was to identify a current descriptive profile of music therapists in private practice in the United States as well as marketing and financial recommendations. In addition, comparing this survey with previous surveys can reveal possible trends in the field. Music therapists (N = 745) who self-identified as being self-employed or in private practice were sent a survey designed by the researchers. A total of 193 respondents returned the survey revealing that current therapists in private practice are better educated and value the internet and social media for marketing and session implementation more than respondents of previous surveys. Respondents recommend that music therapists in private practice continually learn by taking business classes and consulting with business experts; diversify funding sources, service options, and populations served; and connect with music therapists and nonmusic therapists in the community.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayce Myers

This paper examines the contrast between United States and European Union laws concerning social media users’ right to remove their online presence permanently. Currently, the United States and European Union represent two distinct approaches to the right of individuals to permanently remove personal content from social media. U.S. law favors social media companies keeping profile content within the digital sphere even when that person no longer wants it there. The European Union’s approach social media privacy gives users more rights to remove themselves entirely from social media permanently (General Data Protection Regulation, Article 17, 2012). Using Myres McDougal’s (1959) legal theory of international laws’ effect on national policy, this legal study examines the social media privacy laws of the United States and European Union concerning user control of personal content. From this analysis, future implications of this international conflict, specifically the legal delineation of public and private spheres in the 21st Century, are suggested.


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