scholarly journals Trauma-Exposed Infants and Toddlers: A Review of Impacts and Evidence-Based Interventions

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysse Melville
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Disrupted Attachment ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Infants and toddlers are exposed to abuse and neglect at disproportionate rates compared to other children, setting a trajectory for disrupted developmental processes and increased vulnerability to future traumatic exposure. Social workers encounter trauma–exposed young children across a number of systems, including but not limited to early childcare, family physical and mental health, court, and child welfare. It benefits social workers to have a working understanding of current research related to the bio–psycho–social impact of trauma on infants and young children and an awareness of current, research-driven interventions that can support young, at–risk children and families. This article reviews trauma-impacted development throughout the first two years of life with a discussion of current research exploring attachment and brain development and then discusses caregiver–child based interventions that work to repair disrupted attachment patterns, repair impaired regulatory processes, and return the caregiver–child relationship to a healthy developmental path. 

Delivering Nebulized Medication to Infants and Toddlers

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 327-327
Author(s):  
James Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Dose Inhaler ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Metered Dose Inhaler ◽  
Reactive Airway Disease ◽  
Reactive Airway ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Several aerosolized drugs are available for the management of reactive airway disease. Nebulized drugs are given directly into the airway, which minimizes the systemic effects of musculoskeletal tremor, anxiety, and cardiovascular stimulation in most patients. Although infants and young children can be given medication via a metered dose inhaler that has a spacer, these children may not generate enough inspiratory pressure to open the oneway valve on the spacer fully.

scholarly journals Trends in Food Consumption Patterns of US Infants and Toddlers from Feeding Infants and Toddlers Studies (FITS) in 2002, 2008, 2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duffy ◽  
Kay ◽  
Jacquier ◽  
Catellier ◽  
Hampton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) is the largest survey of dietary intake among infants and young children in the United States. Dietary patterns in early childhood are a key component of prevention of diet-related chronic diseases, yet little is known about how food consumption patterns of infants and young children have changed over time. The objective of this study is to examine trends in food and beverage consumption among children ages 6–23.9 months using data from the FITS conducted in 2002, 2008, and 2016. A total of 5963 infants and young children ages 6–23.9 months were included in these analyses. Food consumption data were collected using a multiple-pass 24-h recall by telephone using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Linear trends were assessed using the Wald’s test in a multivariable linear regression model. Positive significant findings include increases in breast milk consumption and decreases in the consumption of sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and 100% fruit juice. More troubling findings include decreasing infant cereal consumption, stagnant or decreasing whole grain consumption, and stagnant consumption of vegetables. Our findings suggest some promising improvements in dietary intake among infants and toddlers in the United States over the past 15 years, but further policy, programmatic, and industry efforts are still needed.

scholarly journals Trends in Mean Nutrient Intakes of US Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children from 3 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Studies (FITS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (7) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L Eldridge ◽  
Diane J Catellier ◽  
Joel C Hampton ◽  
Johanna T Dwyer ◽  
Regan L Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Infants And Young Children

ABSTRACT Background Many updates to young child feeding recommendations have been published over the past decade, but concurrent intake trends have not been assessed. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate adequacy and trends in energy and nutrient intakes of US infants and children aged 0–47.9 mo through use of Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) data from 2002, 2008, and 2016. Methods FITS are cross-sectional surveys of parents/caregivers of infants and young children (FITS 2002, n = 2962; FITS 2008, n = 3276; FITS 2016, n = 3235). Dietary intakes were assessed by telephone with trained interviewers using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Mean ± SE nutrient intakes were calculated. Diet adequacy was assessed with the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for 17 nutrients and the corresponding mean adequacy ratio. Results Energy and macronutrient intakes were generally stable across surveys, but significant decreases for saturated fat and total sugars and an increase in fiber were observed among 6–11.9-mo-olds and 12–23.9-mo-olds (P-trend < 0.0001). Mean sodium intakes exceeded Adequate Intakes (AI) for all ages, whereas fiber intakes were universally below the AI. Nutrients with the lowest NAR values were vitamin D (range 0.41–0.67/1.00) and vitamin E (range 0.60–0.79/1.00 for 2008 and 2016). For iron, infants aged 6–11.9 mo had the lowest NAR values at 0.77–0.88/1.00, compared to 0.85–0.89/1.00 for 12–47.9-mo-olds. Potassium was low from 12 to 47.9 mo (NAR range 0.55–0.63/1.00 across survey years). The nutrients with the greatest decline in mean intakes were iron and vitamins D and E among 6–11.9-mo-olds, and vitamin D and potassium among 12–23.9-mo-olds in 2016 compared to 2002. Conclusions The diets of US infants and young children were generally adequate for most micronutrients and stable over time, but sodium intakes were too high, and nutrient gaps still existed, especially for vitamins D, E, and fiber across ages and for iron among infants.

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