scholarly journals Changes in Illegal Behavior During Emerging Adulthood

10.18060/2125 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badiah Haffejee ◽  
Jamie Rae Yoder ◽  
Kimberly Bender
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Illegal Activities

Emerging adulthood marks a critical developmental juncture during which some individuals disengage from the illegal behavior of their adolescence while others continue to use substances and commit crimes. While risk factors for delinquency during adolescence are well studied, factors that influence persisting or desisting from illegal activities during emerging adulthood have not been fully explored. This mixed methods study utilizes a sample of college students aged 18-25 (N=74) and examines factors differentiating those who abstained from illegal behaviors, desisted from illegal behaviors, and persisted in illegal behaviors. Multinomial logistic regression models indicated peers offending and hours spent studying predicted desisting and peers offending predicted persisting (compared to the abstaining group). Three qualitative themes: family and peer bonds, morals and values, and fear of consequences further explained factors influencing emerging adults’ persisting and desisting choices. Implications for social work practice are explored.

Colorectal tumor patterns among adolescents, emerging adults, and young adults.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 567-567
Author(s):  
Andreana Natalie Holowatyj ◽  
Mark Andrew Lewis ◽  
Stephanie Schmit ◽  
Anne C. Kirchhoff ◽  
Jane Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Program Data

567 Background: Despite overall reductions in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, this trend has shifted among young individuals. Incidence rates continue to rise in this population, yet causes remain unknown. We examined CRC tumor patterns within the adolescent, emerging adult, and young adult (AYA) population in the United States. Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data, we identified individuals aged 15 to 39 years diagnosed with CRC from 2010-2014. Unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations between age of onset [adolescents (15-18 years), emerging adults (19-25 years) and young adults (26-29, 30-34, 35-39 years)] and CRC tumor site and sidedness. Results: We identified 4,417 AYA patients (33 adolescents; 298 emerging adults; 4,086 young adults) with CRC over the 5-year study period. The percentage of cases diagnosed with colon cancer decreased across all AYA groups compared to rectal cancer cases ( P-trend=0.03). Age group was associated with sidedness ( P-trend=0.01). Individuals aged 26 to 29 years remained more likely to be diagnosed with right-sided (Odds ratio, OR=1.35, 95% CI 1.08-1.69, P=0.009) and high-grade (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64, P=0.03) colorectal tumors compared to counterparts aged 35 to 39 years, after adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, stage, grade, and county-level poverty. Conclusions: CRC site and sidedness were associated with age at diagnosis within the AYA population. These data are the first to define clinical patterns of CRC among AYAs. Elucidating etiologies underlying these patterns in young-onset CRCs are needed for tailoring CRC screening/surveillance and treatment.

Chronic disruptive pain in emerging adults with and without chronic health conditions and the moderating role of psychiatric disorders: Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional survey in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana A. Qadeer ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
Mark A. Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Drug Disorders

AbstractBackground and aimsThere has been a growth in the proportion of emerging adults vulnerable to pain-related sequelae of chronic health conditions (CHCs). Given the paucity of research during this important developmental period, this study investigated the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain among emerging adults and the extent to which psychiatric disorders moderate this association.MethodsData come from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS-MH). This cross-sectional survey included 5987 participants that were 15-30 years of age and self-reported their CHCs (n = 2460,41%) and the extent to which pain impacted daily functioning using items from the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI 3). Group comparisons between respondents with CHCs and healthy controls were made using chi-square tests. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed from ordinal logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Product-term interactions between CHCs and psychiatric disorders were included in the models to explore moderating effects. All analyses were weighted to maintain representativeness of the study sample to the Canadian population.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 23.5 (SE 0.1) years and 48% were female. Compared to healthy controls, a greater proportion of participants with CHCs reported having chronic pain (20.3% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001). Among those with chronic pain, respondents with CHCs reported a greater number of activities prevented because of chronic disruptive pain (χ2 = 222.28, p< 0.001). Similarly, in logistic regression models, participants with CHCs had greater odds of reporting chronic disruptive pain (OR = 4.94, 95% CI = 4.08-5.99). Alcohol (β = –0.66; p = 0.025) and drug abuse/dependence disorders (β = –1.24; p = 0.012) were found to moderate the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. Specifically, the probability of chronic disruptive pain was higher for emerging adults without CHCs and with alcohol or drug disorders; however, among participants with CHCs, probability was higher for those without these disorders.ConclusionsThere is a robust association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. The moderating effects suggest that alcohol or drug disorders are especially harmful for emerging adults without CHCs and contribute to higher levels of chronic disruptive pain; however, among those with CHCs, alcohol and illicit drugs may be used as a numbing agent to blunt chronic disruptive pain.ImplicationsFindings from this study have implications for the integration and coordination of services to design strategies aimed at managing chronic disruptive pain and preventing pain-related disabilities later in life. Within the health system, healthcare providers should engage in dialogues about mental health and substance use regularly with emerging adults, be proactive in screening for psychiatric disorders, and continue to monitor the impact of pain on daily functioning. Given the age range of emerging adults, there is tremendous opportunity for clinicians to work cooperatively with colleagues in the education system to support emerging adults with and without CHCs. Overall, clinicians, researchers, educators, and those in social services should continue to be mindful of the complex interrelationships between physical and mental health and chronic disruptive pain and work cooperatively to optimize health outcomes and prevent pain-related disabilities among emerging adults.

Poisoning deaths among late-middle aged and older adults: comparison between suicides and deaths of undetermined intent

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (08) ◽  
pp. 1159-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namkee G. Choi ◽  
Diana M. DiNitto ◽  
C. Nathan Marti ◽  
Bryan Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Poisoning Deaths

ABSTRACTBackground:Given the rapid increase in prescription and illicit drug poisoning deaths in the 50+ age group, we examined precipitating/risk factors and toxicology results associated with poisoning deaths classified as suicides compared to intent-undetermined death (UnD) among decedents aged 50+.Methods:Data were from the 2005–2015 US National Violent Death Reporting System (N = 15,453). χ2 tests and multinomial logistic regression models were used to compare three groups of decedents: suicide decedent who left a suicide note, suicide decedent who did not leave a note, and UnD cases.Results:Compared to suicide decedents without a note (37.7% of the sample), those with a note (29.4%) were more likely to have been depressed and had physical health problems and other life stressors, while UnD cases (32.9%) were less likely to have had mental health problems and other life stressors but more likely to have had substance use and health problems. UnD cases were also more likely to be opioid (RRR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.42–2.90) and cocaine (RRR = 2.59, 95% CI = 2.09–3.21) positive but less likely to be antidepressant positive. Blacks were more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic Whites to be UnDs. Results from separate regression models in the highest UnD states (Maryland and Utah) and in states other than Maryland/Utah were similar.Conclusions:Many UnDs may be more correctly classified as unintentional overdose deaths. Along with more accurate determination processes for intent/manner of death, substance use treatment and approaches to curbing opioid and other drug use problems are needed to prevent intentional and unintentional poisoning deaths.

Domestic Violence Reported to the Police: Correlates of Victims’ Reporting Behavior and Support to Legal Proceedings

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Boivin ◽  
Chloé Leclerc
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
History Of

This article analyzes reported incidents of domestic violence according to the source of the complaint and whether the victim initially supported judicial action against the offender. Almost three quarters of incidents studied were reported by the victim (72%), and a little more than half of victims initially wanted to press charges (55%). Using multinomial logistic regression models, situational and individual factors are used to distinguish 4 incident profiles. Incidents in which the victim made the initial report to the police and wished to press charges are the most distinct and involve partners who were already separated at the time of the incident or had a history of domestic violence. The other profiles also show important differences.

scholarly journals Examining Risk Perceptions Among Daily Smokers Naïve to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Mercincavage ◽  
Kirsten Lochbuehler ◽  
Andrea C Villanti ◽  
E Paul Wileyto ◽  
Janet Audrain-McGovern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Educational Campaigns

Abstract Introduction The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated its interest in reducing the addictiveness of combustible cigarettes by lowering their nicotine content. Delineating risk perceptions of reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes prior to federal regulation may inform the content of future educational campaigns accompanying this policy. Methods Five hundred non–treatment-seeking, daily smokers naïve to RNC cigarettes (63.0% male, 51.6% nonWhite, mean [SD] cigarettes per day = 15.69 [7.58], age = 43.44 [11.46]) completed a 10-item RNC cigarette risk perception questionnaire at baseline in two, unrelated experimental studies. We used multinomial logistic regression models to identify demographic (eg, gender) and smoking-related (eg, nicotine dependence) correlates of RNC cigarette risk perceptions. Results Although the majority of participants did not misperceive RNC cigarettes as less harmful than regular or high nicotine cigarettes, a large portion of the sample held misperceptions about RNC cigarettes’ addictiveness (56.4%) and cessation aid potential (63.4%). More than 20% of the sample reported being unsure about RNC-related risks, especially tar content (51.8%). NonWhite smokers were 2.5 to 3 times more likely to be incorrect about multiple RNC cigarette risks (p = .002–.006). Conclusions If the FDA mandates a reduced nicotine content standard for cigarettes, educational campaigns will be needed to correct misperceptions about RNC cigarettes’ addictiveness and potential to aid cessation as well as inform consumers about their safety risks. Campaigns tailored toward nonWhite smokers may also be needed to correct misperceptions of RNC cigarette risks held by this subgroup. Implications The FDA has stated its interest in reducing cigarettes’ addictiveness by lowering their nicotine content, enabling smokers to quit. Our findings suggest that most smokers who have not used RNC cigarettes do not perceive these products as less addictive or as cessation tools, stressing a need for future educational campaigns to correct these misperceptions. Campaigns are also needed to educate uninformed smokers about RNC cigarettes and should consider targeting messages toward subgroups likely to hold misperceptions about the risks and benefits of using these products (eg, nonWhite smokers).

scholarly journals Releasing the conceptual spring to construct multiplicative reasoning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Zwanch ◽  
Jesse L. M. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Middle Grades ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
American Educational Research Association ◽  
Research Association ◽  
Multiplicative Reasoning ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quantitative Verification

Abstract Constructing multiplicative reasoning is critical for students’ learning of mathematics, particularly throughout the middle grades and beyond. Tzur, Xin, Si, Kenney, and Guebert [American Educational Research Association, ERIC No. ED510991, (2010)] conclude that an assimilatory composite unit is a conceptual spring to multiplicative reasoning. This study examines patterns in the percentages of students who construct multiplicative reasoning across the middle grades based on their fluency in operating with composite units. Multinomial logistic regression models indicate that students’ rate of constructing an assimilatory composite unit but not multiplicative reasoning in sixth and seventh grades is significantly greater than that in eighth and ninth grades. Furthermore, the proportion of students who have constructed multiplicative reasoning in sixth and seventh grades is significantly less than the proportion of those who have constructed multiplicative reasoning in eighth and ninth grades. One implication of this is the quantitative verification of Tzur, Xin, Si, Kenney, and Guebert’s (2010) conceptual spring. That is, students who construct assimilatory composite units early in the middle grades are likely to construct multiplicative reasoning; students who do not construct assimilatory composite units early in the middle grades likely do not construct multiplicative reasoning in the middle grades.

Practice Patterns in Perioperative Nonopioid Analgesic Administration by Anesthesiologists in a Veterans Affairs Hospital

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jereen Z Kwong ◽  
Seshadri C Mudumbai ◽  
Tina Hernandez-Boussard ◽  
Rita A Popat ◽  
Edward R Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Perioperative Pain Management ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nonopioid Analgesic

Abstract Objective Although multimodal analgesia (MMA) is recommended for perioperative pain management, previous studies have found substantial variability in its utilization. To better understand the factors that influence anesthesiologists’ choices, we assessed the associations between patient or surgical characteristics and number of nonopioid analgesic modes received intraoperatively across a variety of surgeries in a university-affiliated Veteran Affairs hospital. Methods We included elective inpatient surgeries (orthopedic, thoracic, spine, abdominal, and pelvic procedures) that used at least one nonopioid analgesic within a one-year period. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also described the combinations of analgesia used in each surgical subtype and conducted exploratory analyses to test the associations between the number of modes used and postoperative outcomes. Results Of the 1,087 procedures identified, 33%, 53%, and 14% were managed with one, two, and three or more modes, respectively. Older patients had lower odds of receiving three or more modes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15–0.52), as were patients with more comorbidities (two modes: aOR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79–0.96; three or more modes: aOR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71–0.94). Utilization varied across surgical subtypes P < 0.0001). Increasing the number of modes, particularly use of regional anesthesia, was associated with shorter length of stay. Conclusions Our study suggests that age, comorbidities, and surgical type contribute to variability in MMA utilization. Risks and benefits of multiple modes should be carefully considered for older and sicker patients. Future directions include developing patient- and procedure-specific perioperative MMA recommendations.

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