scholarly journals You Learn What You Live: Prevalence of Childhood Adversity in the Lives of Juveniles Arrested for Sexual Offenses

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill S. Levenson ◽  
Michael Baglivio ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Nathan Epps ◽  
William "Chip" Royall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Sexually Abusive ◽  
Sexually Abusive Behavior

ocial workers often find themselves working with children or adolescents who have been victims of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including youths who have ended up in the juvenile justice system. Childhood trauma has been linked to negative health, mental health, and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rates of child maltreatment and household dysfunction in the lives of juveniles who have been arrested for sexual offenses (JSO; n = 6,549). ACE prevalence rates for JSOs were compared by gender to juveniles arrested for other crimes, to adults arrested for sexual offenses, and to the general population. Youths in the delinquency system in Florida had much higher rates of high-ACE scores than the general population, indicating that they came from households where the accumulation and variety of early adversity is a salient feature in their lives. For those who have engaged in sexually abusive behavior, the existence of early maltreatment and family problems was prominent. Through a better understanding of the traumatic experiences of these youths, we can inform and enhance interventions designed to improve the functioning of sexually abusive juvenile clients and their families, and reduce risk of future recidivism.

Consistency in adult reporting of adverse childhood experiences

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Colman ◽  
M. Kingsbury ◽  
Y. Garad ◽  
Y. Zeng ◽  
K. Naicker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Adverse Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Experiences

BackgroundMany studies have used retrospective reports to assess the long-term consequences of early life stress. However, current individual characteristics and experiences may bias the recall of these reports. In particular, depressed mood may increase the likelihood of recall of negative experiences. The aim of the study was to assess whether specific factors are associated with consistency in the reporting of childhood adverse experiences.MethodThe sample comprised 7466 adults from Canada's National Population Health Survey who had reported on seven childhood adverse experiences in 1994/1995 and 2006/2007. Logistic regression was used to explore differences between those who consistently reported adverse experiences and those whose reports were inconsistent.ResultsAmong those retrospectively reporting on childhood traumatic experiences in 1994/1995 and 2006/2007, 39% were inconsistent in their reports of these experiences. The development of depression, increasing levels of psychological distress, as well as increasing work and chronic stress were associated with an increasing likelihood of reporting a childhood adverse experience in 2006/2007 that had not been previously reported. Increases in mastery were associated with reduced likelihood of new reporting of a childhood adverse experience in 2006/2007. The development of depression and increases in chronic stress and psychological distress were also associated with reduced likelihood of ‘forgetting’ a previously reported event.ConclusionsConcurrent mental health factors may influence the reporting of traumatic childhood experiences. Studies that use retrospective reporting to estimate associations between childhood adversity and adult outcomes associated with mental health may be biased.

scholarly journals SSTR4, childhood adversity, self-efficacy and suicide risk in alcoholics

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Berent ◽  
Gerard Emilien ◽  
Michał Podgórski ◽  
Ewa Kusideł ◽  
Dominika Kulczycka-Wojdala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
General Self Efficacy

AbstractBackgroundPatients with alcohol dependence (AD) are known to develop poor social skills, to report a higher number of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and to attempt suicide more frequently than the general population. The background for the association between ACEs and a higher risk of suicide still remains understudied.Methodology176 patients with AD and 127 healthy controls were interviewed regarding 13 categories of ACEs and assessed with the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Genotyping for theResultsPatients with AD and the controls did not differ significantly according to theConclusionsOur study supports previous findings on ACEs and general self-efficacy association with a risk for suicide. Additionally, we suggest that patients with AD of the

scholarly journals Mental disorders among adults formerly in out-of-home care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süheyla Seker ◽  
Cyril Boonmann ◽  
Heike Gerger ◽  
Lena Jäggi ◽  
Delfine d’Huart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Care History

AbstractWhile children and adolescents placed in child welfare or juvenile justice out-of-home care show higher prevalence rates of mental disorders compared to the general population, it remains unclear whether this pattern persists into adulthood. A quantitative synthesis of existing studies is lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence rates for mental disorders among adults with a foster or residential child welfare or juvenile justice care history, comparing them where possible to rates among the general population. PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for epidemiological studies published up to 28 October 2020. Nineteen studies, totaling 604,257 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used for prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of mental disorders, and study quality was rated. A prevalence rate of 30% [95% CI (23.36, 37.36)] for any mental disorder in adults with a child welfare care history was found (3–17% for specific disorders). A prevalence rate of 45% [95% CI (42.38, 47.38)] for any mental disorder was found in adults with a juvenile justice care history (6–66% for specific disorders). For out-of-home placement history, adult mental disorders were significantly higher than in the general population (OR = 1.33–2.76). Studies differed in terms of methodology and the disorder groups considered, so heterogeneity between effect sizes ranged from low to high. Our findings suggest that the high risk that mental health issues will persist in adults with an out-of-home placement history needs to be taken seriously in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The care systems involved need to collaborate and to be aware of these risks.

Working alongside people with intellectual disabilities who have had difficult experiences: Reflections on trauma-informed care within a service context

2021 ◽  
pp. 174462952098771
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Goad
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Whole Systems

People with intellectual disabilities are more likely to experience adverse childhood experiences than those in the general population. Additionally, the conceptualization of ‘trauma’ is far broader than traditionally understood in order to encompass the far reaching relational nature of people with intellectual disabilities traumatic experiences. This reflective account details the first steps one service took to embrace trauma-informed care as a whole systems approach. The paper is a response to calls following conference presentations about our work, to share the process of the beginning of this journey, it also aims to provide key learning points, practical considerations and questions for reflection in order to support other services to begin their own relationships with trauma-informed care.

scholarly journals Forensic Behavioral Science of Serial and Mass Murder with an Addition of Leisure Research: A Descriptive Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
D J Williams
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Multiple Homicide ◽  
Violent Events ◽  
Science Disciplines

Prevalence rates of multiple homicide are statistically rare and vary across nations, yet such cases create substantial suffering for victims and can generate widespread fear among the general population. Despite extreme rarity, it remains important for forensic experts and professionals to be prepared when extremely violent events occur. This review summarizes contemporary behavioral science of serial and mass murder, then highlights the application of recent leisure research to add new motivational and behavioral insights. Research on the application of leisure science to homicide research is in its infancy, yet in conjunction with other related behavioral science disciplines, appears to hold promise in understanding, and perhaps helping to prevent, future violence.

The Role of Traumatic Childhood Experiences in Predicting a Disposition to Risk-Taking and Aggression in Turkish University Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1998-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Odacı ◽  
Çiğdem Berber Çelik
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not traumatic childhood experiences in childhood predict a disposition to risk-taking and aggression among university students. The participants consisted of 851 students: 477 (56.1%) females and 374 (43.9%) males attending various faculties at the Karadeniz Technical University in Turkey. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Adolescent Risk-Taking Scale, Aggression Questionnaire, and Personal Information Form were used for data collection. The analysis results revealed a positive correlation between traumatic experiences (physical, sexual, emotional maltreatment, and emotional neglect) and risk-taking and aggression. Physical and sexual abuse and gender are significant predictors of risk-taking. Physical abuse and gender are some of the predictors of aggression. Another finding from the study is that physical and emotional abuse and emotional neglect vary by gender. This study concludes that exposure to traumatic experiences in childhood prepares the foundation for negative behaviors in adulthood.

Building better people: policy aspirations and family life

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-66
Author(s):  
Brid Featherstone ◽  
Anna Gupta ◽  
Kate Morris ◽  
Sue White
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Family Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Small Children

This chapter discusses the residual, but strongly legitimised, role for the state in preventing damage to children, which carries high levels of criticism for those parents seen as failing to optimise their child's developmental potential. The idea that childhood experiences are important and can be formative clearly has a common-sense truth to it and obviously, traumatic experiences in childhood will have lasting impacts. However, a vocabulary has emerged in which notions of toxic parenting and the quest for optimum developmental flourishing create new mandates for the state to act. The chapter then argues that these are necessary to explain the sharp rises in national rates of child removal, particularly the permanent removal of very small children, documented over the last decade. They also contribute to service fragmentation by privileging intervention in the early years in the form of ‘evidence-based’ parenting programmes.

scholarly journals Universal precautions: A methodology for trauma-informed justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Correctional Officers ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Universal Precautions ◽  
First Aid Training ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Offending Behaviour

The research clearly indicates that the vast majority of individuals involved in the justice system who display offending behaviour have experienced trauma, victimization, or Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). Knowing this to be empirically factual raises the question, why is this not highlighted in the training of police officers, correctional officers, parole and probation officers, crown prosecutors, defence lawyers, and judges alike? An understanding of the Justice Client and their complex trauma could have important consequences on how all justice actors interact with people who experience the justice system. Knowing that these individuals were often victims long before they were offending could bring a more compassionate lens to the justice system. Having traumatic experiences is not the cause of offending, but it is often present in the offending population. The prevalence of trauma among the offending population, who themselves have often traumatized their victims, suggests a much-needed change in how police are trained to interact with Justice Clients. This paper applies the concept of Universal Precautions from first aid training in the development of practical policy to create a justice system based in compassion.

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