scholarly journals 'Greenfields' and 'Brownfields': automotive industrial development in the UK and in Portugal

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pike ◽  
Mário Vale
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
North West ◽  
Demonstration Effect ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The industrial policy in the UK and in Portugal, as in most EU countries, seeks to attract new investment capacity, to create jobs and to promote the impact of the so-called "demonstration efect" of "greenfield" development strategies pursued in the new plants of inward investors on existing or "brownfield" plants. This industrial policy focus is particularly evident in the automobile industry.This paper compares the industrial policy oriented towards the automobile industry in the UK and in Portugal. Two recent "greenfield" investments are analised: Nissan in the North-East region (UK) and Ford/VW in the Setúbal Peninsula (Portugal), as well as three "brownfield" plants: Ford Halewood and GM Vauxhall Ellesmere Port in the North-West region (UK) and Renault in Setúbal (Portugal). The first part starts with a discussion of industrial policy in the automobile sector, the role of "greenfield" development strategies and the "demonstration effect" on "brownfield" plants. Then, the limits of new inward investment are pointed out, basically their problems and restrictions. Afterwards, the structural barriers to the "demonstration effect" within "brownfield" plants are outlined and some possabilities for alternative "brownfield" development strategies are presented.

Inequalities in awareness and availability of bereavement services in North-East England

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002422
Author(s):  
Donna Wakefield ◽  
Elizabeth Fleming ◽  
Kate Howorth ◽  
Kerry Waterfield ◽  
Emily Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Web Based ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesNational guidance recommends equality in access to bereavement services; despite this, awareness and availability appears inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore availability and accessibility of bereavement services across the North-East of England and to highlight issues potentially applicable across the UK, at a time of unprecedented need due to the impact of COVID-19.MethodsPhase 1: an eight item, web-based survey was produced. A survey link was cascaded to all GP practices (General Practitioners) in the region. Phase 2: an email was sent to all services identified in phase 1, requesting details such as referral criteria and waiting times.ResultsAll 392 GP practices in the region were invited to participate. The response rate was 22% (85/392). Twenty-one per cent (18/85) of respondents reported that they do not refer patients, comments included ‘not aware of any services locally’. A total of 36 services were contacted with 72% responding with further information. Most bereavement specific support was reliant on charity-funded services including hospices, this sometimes required a pre-existing link with the hospice. Waiting times were up to 4 months.ConclusionsAlthough multiple different, usually charity-funded services were identified, awareness and accessibility were variable. This survey was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, where complex situations surrounding death is likely to impact on the usual grieving process and increase the need for bereavement support. Meanwhile, charities providing this support are under severe financial strain. There is an urgent need to bridge the gap between need and access to bereavement services.

scholarly journals Reducing pressure ulcers across multiple care settings using a collaborative approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e000409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wood ◽  
Bob Brown ◽  
Annette Bartley ◽  
Andreia Margarida Batista Custódio Cavaco ◽  
Anthony Paul Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Care Community ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Healthcare Improvement ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Breakthrough Series Collaborative ◽  
The Impact

In the UK, over 700 000 patients are affected by pressure ulcers each year, and 180 000 of those are newly acquired each year. The occurrence of pressure ulcers costs the National Health Service (NHS) more than 3.8 million every day. In 2004, pressure ulcers were estimated to cost the NHS £1.4–£2.4 billion per year, which was 4% of the total NHS expenditure.The impact on patients can be considerable, due to increased pain, length of hospital stay and decreased quality of life. However, it is acknowledged that a significant number of these are avoidable.In early 2015, it was identified that for the North East and North Cumbria region the incidence of pressure ulcers was higher than the national average. Because of this, a 2-year Pressure Ulcer Collaborative was implemented, involving secondary care, community services, care homes and the ambulance service, with the aim of reducing the percentage of pressure ulcers developed by patients within their care.The Breakthrough Series Collaborative Model from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement provided the framework for this Collaborative.In year 1, pressure ulcers were reduced by 36%, and in year 2 by 33%, demonstrating an estimated cost saving during the lifespan of the Collaborative of £513 000, and a reduction in the number of bed days between 220 and 352.

scholarly journals The institution and the city: the impact of hospitals and workhouses on the development of Dublin's north inner city, c. 1773–1911

Urban History ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-688
Author(s):  
Katherine Fennelly
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractCities develop around industry, markets and transport links. Dublin in the nineteenth century was similar, but additionally the north-west of the city developed around the expansion of a complex of institutional buildings for the reception, confinement and welfare of the poor and sick. This article argues that these institutions were implicit in the development of the modern city in the same way as industry and commerce. The physical development of the buildings altered and defined both the streetscape and, over time, the social identities and historical communities in the locale, in the same way that industrial development defined urban areas.

scholarly journals The Impact of Armed Conflict on Agro-Industrial Development in Cameroon: The case of the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) within the context of the Anglophone crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Dinsi Stanley Chung ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Development Corporation ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Impact

The Cameroon Development Corporation has been severely affected by the armed conflict in the English speaking (North West and South West regions) part of the country that has been on for close to four years running. How then has the armed conflict in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon affected the Cameroon Development Corporation? How can the growth of the agro-industry be guaranteed? This study looks at the impact of the armed conflict in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon on the Cameroon Development Corporation. Making use of public policy theories, this study establishes a link between government defense strategies/sector development policies and agro-industrial development. The study results show that due to the armed conflict in the English speaking regions, the CDC has incurred major damages including: loss in human capital, drop in production capacity, heavy financial loss and equipment damages. The study results also reveal that, the survival of the CDC depends largely on strategic options to be taken at two separate levels including: political options by conflicting parties - the government and separatist fighters on the one hand, and on the other, options taken by the CDC at both managerial and technical levels. The study concludes that for the CDC to attain structural growth and development that will significantly contribute to the national economy, conflicting.

Quantifying the spatial patterns of Secondary Forest carbon sequestration potential in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Heinrich ◽  
Ricardo Dalagnol ◽  
Henrique Cassol ◽  
Thais Rosan ◽  
Catherine Torres de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
The Impact

<p>Overall, global forests are expected to contribute about a quarter of pledged mitigation under the Paris Agreement, by limiting deforestation and by encouraging forest regrowth.</p><p>Secondary Forests in the Neo-tropics have a large climate mitigation potential, given their ability to sequester carbon up to 20 times faster than old-growth forests. However, this rate does not account for the spatial patterns in secondary forest regrowth influenced by regional and local-scale environmental and anthropogenic disturbance drivers.</p><p>Secondary Forests in the Brazilian Amazon are expected to play a key role in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, however, the Amazon is a large and geographically complex region such that regrowth rates are not uniform across the biome.</p><p>To understand the impact of key drivers we used a multi-satellite data approach with the aim of understanding the spatial variations in secondary forest regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon. We mapped secondary forest area and age using a land-use-land-cover dataset – MapBiomas – and, combined with the European Space Agency Aboveground Carbon dataset, constructed regional regrowth curves for the year 2017.</p><p>We found large variations in the regrowth rates across the Brazilian Amazon due to large-scale environmental drivers such as rainfall and shortwave-radiation. Regrowth rates are similar to previous pan-Amazonian estimates in the North-West (3 ±1.0 MgC ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), which are double than those in the North-East Amazon (1.3 ±0.3 MgC ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>). The impact of anthropogenic disturbances, namely fire and repeated deforestation prior to the most recent regrowth only reduces the regrowth by 20% in the North-West (2.4 ±0.8 MgC ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>) compared to 55% in the North-East (0.8 ±0.8 MgC ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>). Overall, secondary forest carbon stock of 294 TgC in the year 2017, could have been 8% higher with avoided fires and repeat deforestation.<strong> </strong>We found that the 2017 area of secondary forest, which occupies only ~4% of the Brazilian Amazon biome, can contribute significantly (~5.5%) to Brazil’s net emissions reduction targets, accumulating ~19.0 TgC yr<sup>-1</sup>until 2030 if the current area of secondary forest is maintained (13.8 Mha). However,this value reduces rapidly to less than 1% if only secondary forests older than 20 years are preserved (2.2 Mha).</p><p>Preserving the remaining old-growth forest carbon stock and implementing legal mechanisms to protect and expand secondary forest areas are key to realising the potential of secondary forest as a nature-based climate change mitigation solution.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 social distancing and isolation recommendations for Muslim communities in North West England

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaima M. Hassan ◽  
Adele Ring ◽  
Naheed Tahir ◽  
Mark Gabbay
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
North West ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
The North ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction People from Minority Ethnic backgrounds living in the UK are at greater risk of not only contracting COVID-19, but also experiencing serious consequences of the virus. These emerging health inequalities mirror those already evident in UK society. Aim The aim of this study was to understand how COVID-19 and the associated imposed restrictions affected the lives of people from the Muslim community living in the North West of England. Method Twenty-five in-depth qualitative interviews and four focus groups (n = 22) explored individual experiences of COVID-19 and imposed restrictions. Data were analysed thematically. Findings The virus and associated imposed restrictions had negative impacts on the psychological wellbeing of participants, their families and the wider community. Worry and low mood were particular features of participant’s pandemic stories. Main concerns were those of contracting and transmitting the virus to others and employment-related difficulties. Low mood was particularly linked to the impact of restrictions on fundamental interactions embedded within cultural and religious practices. These practices are central to feelings of belonging and connectedness within the Muslim community. Religious beliefs were important in helping to mitigate psychological distress for some participants. Conclusion Psychological distress was associated with COVID-19 virus and impact of COVID-19 restrictions on livelihoods and fundamental human interactions. Better provision of culturally appropriate information, improving local channels of communication and practical support are important during times of pandemic when usual support systems may be disrupted.

scholarly journals Trend analysis of teenage pregnancy in Nigeria (1961-2013): how effective is the contraceptive use campaign

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
Rotimi F. Afolabi ◽  
Oyindamola B. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

<span lang="EN-ZA">Teenage pregnancy (TP) is a recurrent global and public health problem. It poses both social and health challenges. Considering the massive campaign on the use of modern contraceptives to prevent TP in recent decades, we assessed trends in TP in Nigeria between 1961 and 2013. Pregnancy and contraception history of 70,811 women who were at least 20 years old when the Nigerian DHS was conducted in 1990, 2003, 2008, and 2013 respectively were used for the study, and descriptive statistics, time analysis techniques and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data at 5% significance level. </span><span lang="EN-GB">The overall prevalence of TP between 1961 and 2013 was 49.5% which fluctuated insignificantly during the studied period. The TP prevalence among women who entered adulthood in 1961 was 39.2%; it peaked in 1978 at 58.9% before its unsteady decline to 39.6% in 2012, and then rose sharply to 55.6% in 2013. We </span><span lang="EN-ZA">predicted TP prevalence as 49.0%, 49.9% and 51.0% in 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively. The odds of TP were over 4 times higher in the North East and 5 times higher in the North West than in the South West. Teenagers with no education had higher odds of TP and it was higher among teenagers from the poorest households (OR=5.64, 95% CI: 5.36-5.94). Rather than reducing with the worldwide acknowledged increase in contraceptive campaigns, TP increased over the years studied. </span><span lang="EN-GB">As far as TP is concerned in Nigeria, the impact of the campaign on MC use is far from being effective. </span><span lang="EN-ZA">To achieve the objective of fewer TPs, fewer resources should be spent on access to contraception and instead diverted to areas more likely to achieve results such as improvements in educational achievement amongst girls.</span>

scholarly journals POSSIBILITY OF INNOVATION INDUSTRIAL POLICY WITHIN THE RUSSIAN NORTH-WEST

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
V. V. Demerchi ◽  
V. P. Vorobyev
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Federal District ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North

The article assesses the nature of industrial development within the North-West Federal District of Russia, to formulate proposals for solving the problems of modernization of the regional economy.

Substantial degradation in Air Quality due to Saddleworth Moor Wildfire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailish Graham ◽  
James McQuaid ◽  
Stephen Arnold ◽  
Kirsty Pringle ◽  
Richard Pope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Short Term ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;On June 24&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; 2018 one of the largest UK wildfires in recent history broke out on Saddleworth Moor, close to Manchester, in north-west England. June 2018 was anomalously hot and dry across the UK which led to the peat on the moor drying out and becoming suscpetible to ignition. Since wildfires close to large populations in the UK have been relatively small and rare in the past, there is little knowledge about the impacts. This has prevented the development of effective strategies to reduce them. This paper uses a high-resolution coupled atmospheric-chemistry model to assess the impact of the fires on particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 &amp;#181;m (PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;) air quality (AQ) across the north-west region and the subsequent impact on health from short-term exposure. We find that the fires substantially degraded AQ across the north-west. PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5 &lt;/sub&gt;concentrations increased by more than 300% in Oldham and Manchester and up to 50% in areas up to 80 km away such as Liverpool, Wigan and Warrington. This led to a third of the population (4.7 million people) in the simulation domain (-4.9-0.7&amp;#176;E and 53.0-54.4&amp;#176;N) being exposed to moderate PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5 &lt;/sub&gt;concentrations on at least one day, according to the Daily Air Quality Index (36-53 &amp;#181;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;), between June 23&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; and 30&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;/sup&gt;2018. This equates to 4.5 million people being exposed to PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5 &lt;/sub&gt;above the WHO 24-hour safe-limit exposure of 25 &amp;#181;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; on at least one day. Using a concentration-response function we calculate the short-term health impact which indicates that up to 60% of excess mortality between June 23&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; and 30&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; 2018 was attributable to the fires. This represents up to a 165% increase in excess mortality across the region compared to a simulation with no fires. We find the impact of mortality due to PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5 &lt;/sub&gt;from the fires on the economy was also substantial (&amp;#163;5.5m). Thus, our results indicate the need to introduce legislation and education to both reduce the likelihood of wildfires and reduce the population&amp;#8217;s exposure to harmful air pollutants during their occurrence. This is particularly relevant given that wildfires are projected to become more common in the future through climate change and land-use change.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals CHANGE ANALYSIS ON SOIL EROSION OF FUJIAN PROVINCE FROM 1990 TO 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 1381-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. Wang ◽  
S. J. Zeng ◽  
X. G. Chen ◽  
J. L. Lin ◽  
S. M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
Erosion Area ◽  
The Impact

Soil erosion is one of major environment problems in the world, and China is one of the most serious soil erosion country. In this paper, Fujian province was used as a study area for its typical red soil region. Based on USLE model, the soil erosion modulus in 1990 and 2015 were calculated and turned to soil erosion intensity. The soil erosion distribution trend in Fujian province was decrease from south-east coastal zone to north-west inland region. In soil erosion areas, the main erosion type was light level with about 80&amp;thinsp;%, and the soil erosion levels above serious type were mainly sporadic distribution with less than 10&amp;thinsp;%. The soil erosion improved for the past 25 years. The areas of different erosion types all decreased, and the total erosion area reduced by 26.59&amp;thinsp;%. The improvement area mainly located in north-east, south and west region. The aggravation area mainly located in the north and some middle hilly regions. The impact of human activities is more significant for erosion control.

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