scholarly journals On GPS L1 Positioning Errors’ Estimation in the Adriatic Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Žic ◽  
Barbara Pongračić ◽  
Serđo Kos ◽  
David Brčić
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Satellite Positioning ◽  
Errors Estimation ◽  
Adriatic Region

Prediction of satellite positioning errors represents a substantial step towards the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) performance assessment. Satellite positioning accuracy in the particular area can be expected to be similar due to prevailing environmental conditions. This similarity opens the opportunity to estimate and predict the positioning errors of close locations. The paper aims to develop a regional model of positioning errors estimation for Global Positioning System (GPS) single-frequency receivers based on ground truth data from reference stations, in this phase considering different levels of space weather activity as one f the criteria defining environmental conditions. The model should provide a simple positioning error prediction in cases where reference stations and respective data do not exist. The space weather conditions were examined to determine the influence on GPS satellite positioning performance at three selected International GNSS Service (IGS) stations in the Adriatic Region - Graz, Padua, and Matera. The mutual relations in terms of positioning error patterns were elaborated. The same 15-day period in three consecutive years was analysed. Pearson’s coefficient was utilised as a major indicator for determining the degree of correlation. The data from IGS stations Padua and Graz showed better, significant correlation results. The IGS station Matera, located farther and southward slightly differed in positioning deviations’ patterns and was not used for the model development. Satellite positioning errors of IGS Padua were used as a reference to determine the positioning errors of IGS Graz. Due to the significant correlation results, the linear regression model has been developed for the latitude, longitude, and height positioning errors. The final model coefficients were calculated as average values of the model coefficients for latitude, longitude, and height errors for elaborated periods. The cross-validation with five folds has been carried out, showing good model performance with R2 values of 0.7785 for geographic latitude, 0.8132 for the geographic longitude, and 0.7796 for height above sea level, respectively. The validation showed that the model could be applied during all levels of space weather activity on a regional basis.

scholarly journals On Global Ionospheric Maps based winter-time GPS ionospheric delay with reference to the Klobuchar model

Pomorstvo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
David Brčić ◽  
Renato Filjar ◽  
Serdjo Kos ◽  
Marko Valčić
Keyword(s):  
Ionospheric Delay ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Local Pattern ◽  
Satellite Positioning ◽  
Klobuchar Model ◽  
Global Ionospheric Maps ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Delay Correction

Modelling of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) represents a challenging and demanding task in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning performance. In terms of satellite Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT), TEC represents a significant cause of the satellite signal ionospheric delay. There are several approaches to TEC estimation. The Standard (Klobuchar) ionospheric delay correction model is the most common model for Global Positioning System (GPS) single-frequency (L1) receivers. The development of International GNSS Service (IGS) Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) has enabled the insight into global TEC dynamics. GIM analyses in the Northern Adriatic area have shown that, under specific conditions, local ionospheric delay patterns differ from the one defined in the Klobuchar model. This has been the motivation for the presented research, with the aim to develop a rudimentary model of the TEC estimation, with emphasis on areas where ground truth data are not available. The local pattern of the ionospheric delay has been modelled with wave functions based on the similarity of waveforms, considering diurnal differences in TEC behavior from defined TEC patterns. The model represents a spatiotemporal winter-time ionospheric delay correction with the Klobuchar model as a basis. The evaluation results have shown accurate approximation of the local pattern of the ionospheric delay. The model was verified in the same seasonal period in 2007, revealing it successfulness under pre-defined conditions. The presented approach represents a basis for the further work on the local ionospheric delay modelling, considering local ionospheric and space weather conditions, thus improving the satellite positioning performance for single-frequency GNSS receivers.

Horizontal GPS Positioning Accuracy During the 1999 Solar Eclipse

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Filjar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Gps Positioning ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Satellite Positioning ◽  
The Impact

Although GPS positioning errors are now well described, there are still some uncertainties regarding the impact of some rare space weather phenomena on GPS positioning accuracy. Solar eclipses have been considered as one source of such rare events, so the 1999 solar eclipse gave the opportunity to collect horizontal GPS positioning data for further analysis. The results of statistical analysis show no deterioration of horizontal GPS positioning accuracy. Space weather, ionospheric and geomagnetic conditions were also carefully analysed and showed no significant activity. In conclusion, the experiment confirmed negligible impact of the 1999 solar eclipse on horizontal GPS positioning accuracy, and opens discussion concerning application of satellite positioning systems in space and ionospheric weather monitoring.

scholarly journals On Linear and Circular Approach to GPS Data Processing: Analyses of the Horizontal Positioning Deviations Based on the Adriatic Region IGS Observables

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Davor Šakan ◽  
Serdjo Kos ◽  
Biserka Drascic Ban ◽  
David Brčić
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Rayleigh Distribution ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Adriatic Region

Global and regional positional accuracy assessment is of the highest importance for any satellite navigation system, including the Global Positioning System (GPS). Although positioning error can be expressed as a vector quantity with direction and magnitude, most of the research focuses on error magnitude only. The positional accuracy can be evaluated in terms of navigational quadrants as further refinement of error distribution, as it was shown here. This research was conducted in the wider area of the Northern Adriatic Region, employing the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS) data and products. Similarities of positional accuracy and deviations distributions for Single Point Positioning (SPP) were addressed in terms of magnitudes. Data were analyzed during the 11-day period. Linear and circular statistical methods were used to quantify regional positional accuracy and error behavior. This was conducted in terms of both scalar and vector values, with assessment of the underlying probability distributions. Navigational quadrantal positioning error subset analysis was carried out. Similarity in the positional accuracy and positioning deviations behavior, with uneven positional distribution between quadrants, indicated the directionality of the total positioning error. The underlying distributions for latitude and longitude deviations followed approximately normal distributions, while the radius was approximated by the Rayleigh distribution. The Weibull and gamma distributions were considered, as well. Possible causes of the analyzed positioning deviations were not investigated, but the ultimate positioning products were obtained as in standard, single-frequency positioning scenarios.

scholarly journals Assessing the quality of ionospheric models through GNSS positioning error: methodology and results

GPS Solutions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrià Rovira-Garcia ◽  
Deimos Ibáñez-Segura ◽  
Raul Orús-Perez ◽  
José Miguel Juan ◽  
Jaume Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Ionospheric Delay ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Ionospheric Models ◽  
Evaluation Metric ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract Single-frequency users of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) must correct for the ionospheric delay. These corrections are available from global ionospheric models (GIMs). Therefore, the accuracy of the GIM is important because the unmodeled or incorrectly part of ionospheric delay contributes to the positioning error of GNSS-based positioning. However, the positioning error of receivers located at known coordinates can be used to infer the accuracy of GIMs in a simple manner. This is why assessment of GIMs by means of the position domain is often used as an alternative to assessments in the ionospheric delay domain. The latter method requires accurate reference ionospheric values obtained from a network solution and complex geodetic modeling. However, evaluations using the positioning error method present several difficulties, as evidenced in recent works, that can lead to inconsistent results compared to the tests using the ionospheric delay domain. We analyze the reasons why such inconsistencies occur, applying both methodologies. We have computed the position of 34 permanent stations for the entire year of 2014 within the last Solar Maximum. The positioning tests have been done using code pseudoranges and carrier-phase leveled (CCL) measurements. We identify the error sources that make it difficult to distinguish the part of the positioning error that is attributable to the ionospheric correction: the measurement noise, pseudorange multipath, evaluation metric, and outliers. Once these error sources are considered, we obtain equivalent results to those found in the ionospheric delay domain assessments. Accurate GIMs can provide single-frequency navigation positioning at the decimeter level using CCL measurements and better positions than those obtained using the dual-frequency ionospheric-free combination of pseudoranges. Finally, some recommendations are provided for further studies of ionospheric models using the position domain method.

Klobuchar-Like Local Model of Quiet Space Weather GPS Ionospheric Delay for Northern Adriatic

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Filjar ◽  
Tomislav Kos ◽  
Serdjo Kos
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ionospheric Delay ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Satellite Positioning ◽  
Klobuchar Model ◽  
The Impact

Ionospheric delay is the major source of satellite positioning system performance degradation. Designers of satellite positioning systems attempt to mitigate the impact of the ionospheric delay by deployment of correction models. For instance, the American GPS utilises a global standard (Klobuchar) model, based on the assumption that the daily distribution of GPS ionospheric delay values follows a biased cosine curve during day-time, while during the night-time the GPS ionospheric delay remains constant. Providing a compromise between computational complexity and accuracy, the Klobuchar model is capable of correcting up to 70% of actual ionospheric delay, mainly during quiet space weather conditions. Unfortunately, it provides a very poor performance during severe space weather, geomagnetic and ionospheric disturbances. In addition, a global approach in Klobuchar model development did not take into account particularities of the local ionospheric conditions that can significantly contribute to the general GPS ionospheric delay. Current research activities worldwide are concentrating on a better understanding of the observed GPS ionospheric delay dynamics and the relation to local ionosphere conditions.Here we present the results of a study addressing daily GPS ionospheric delay dynamics observed at a Croatian coastal area of the northern Adriatic (position ϕ=45°N, λ=15°E) in the periods of quiet space weather in 2007. Daily sets of actual GPS ionospheric delay values were assumed to be the time series of composite signals, consisting of DC, cosine and residual components, respectively. Separate models have been developed that describe components of actual GPS ionospheric delay in the northern Adriatic for summer and winter, respectively. A special emphasis was given to the statistical description of the residual component of the daily distribution of GPS ionospheric delay, obtained by removing DC (bias) and cosine components from the composite GPS ionospheric delay.Future work will be focused on further evaluation and validation of a quiet space weather GPS ionospheric delay model for the northern Adriatic, transition to a non-Klobuchar model, and on research in local GPS ionospheric delay dynamics during disturbed and severe space weather conditions.

Positioning Error Compensation for Machining Center Based on Spline Interpolation

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 3029-3034
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Zi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Error Compensation ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Accuracy Evaluation ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Machining Center ◽  
Compensation Function ◽  
Manual Correction

Related to the machining precision, especially for the middle and low end machining center, the positioning error is often considered as a major factor, which can be traditionally decreased by the pitch compensation function integrated in the CNC system. However, the function is just founded on that all of positioning errors remain constant in the machining process, and it is difficulty to meet the compensation needs in different machining condition. At the same time, it involves a mass of parameters that need professional manual correction. Therefore, the software error compensation method is put forward. Firstly, based on cubic spline interpolation, the error compensation model is designed through the processing of positioning error which is collected by the laser interferometer. Secondly, with the characteristics of G codes, the database is established for error compensation, which can effectively correct different machining G codes with enough error information. Finally, by the experiment and accuracy evaluation, results show that after the positioning error of machining center is compensated by the presented scheme, its precision is improved obviously.

scholarly journals A Multispectral Bayesian Classification Method for Increased Acoustic Discrimination of Seabed Sediments Using Multi-Frequency Multibeam Backscatter Data

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Gaida ◽  
Tengku Tengku Ali ◽  
Mirjam Snellen ◽  
Alireza Amiri-Simkooei ◽  
Thaiënne van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Triple Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Discrimination ◽  
Multiple Frequencies ◽  
Seabed Sediments

Multi-frequency backscatter data collected from multibeam echosounders (MBESs) is increasingly becoming available. The ability to collect data at multiple frequencies at the same time is expected to allow for better discrimination between seabed sediments. We propose an extension of the Bayesian method for seabed classification to multi-frequency backscatter. By combining the information retrieved at single frequencies we produce a multispectral acoustic classification map, which allows us to distinguish more seabed environments. In this study we use three triple-frequency (100, 200, and 400 kHz) backscatter datasets acquired with an R2Sonic 2026 in the Bedford Basin, Canada in 2016 and 2017 and in the Patricia Bay, Canada in 2016. The results are threefold: (1) combining 100 and 400 kHz, in general, reveals the most additional information about the seabed; (2) the use of multiple frequencies allows for a better acoustic discrimination of seabed sediments than single-frequency data; and (3) the optimal frequency selection for acoustic sediment classification depends on the local seabed. However, a quantification of the benefit using multiple frequencies cannot clearly be determined based on the existing ground-truth data. Still, a qualitative comparison and a geological interpretation indicate an improved discrimination between different seabed environments using multi-frequency backscatter.

The application of 3-D depth migration to the development of an Alaskan offshore oil field

Geophysics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Whitcombe ◽  
Eugene H. Murray ◽  
Laurie A. St. Aubin ◽  
Randall J. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Model ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Ray Trace ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Lateral Positioning

Inconsistencies in fault positioning between overlapping 3-D seismic surveys over the northwestern part of the Endicott Field highlighted lateral positioning errors of the order of 1000 ft (330 m) in the seismic images. This large uncertainty in fault positioning placed a high and often unacceptable risk on the placement of wells. To quantify and correct for the seismic positioning error, 3-D velocity models were developed for ray‐trace modeling. The lateral positioning error maps produced revealed significant variation in the mispositioning within the Endicott Field that were mainly caused by lateral variations in permafrost thickness. These maps have been used to correct the positions of mapped features and have enabled several wells to be successfully placed close to major faults. Prior to this analysis, these wells were considered too risky to place optimally. The seismic data were 3-D poststack depth migrated with the final velocity model, producing a repositioned image that was consistent with the ray‐trace predictions. Additionally, a general enhancement of data imaging improved the interpretability and enabled the remapping and subsequent successful development of the peripheral Sag Delta North accumulation.

Study on the Positioning Error of Turntable Based on Machine Vision System

2014 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
Fu Sheng Yu ◽  
Zhong Guo Sun ◽  
Sheng Jiang Yin ◽  
Teng Fei Li ◽  
Wei Kang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Data Processing Software ◽  
Accuracy Measure ◽  
Edge Detection Method

This paper developed a turntable positioning error measurement system based on machine vision. The system consists of image acquisition devices, the image acquisition card, computer and data processing software and other components. Among them, the image acquisition devices consisted of two digital CCD cameras and two microscope objectives. The image acquisition devices capture images of fixture fixed on the turntable in horizontal and vertical direction. Then, the collected images are processed by adopting the filtering method, binarization method, edge detection method, calibration method and other steps. The high-accuracy measure of turntables positioning errors is realized, and the error histogram is drawn. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the method is correct and feasible.

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