Dynamic Wavelet-Based Causal Relationship between Equity Returns and Aggregate Economic Activity in G7 and E7 Countries

Hezbollah is best defined in geopolitics as the Iranian ideology proxy that aims to grow the Persian footprint and to gain geopolitical strategic depth in the region. Its role continuously requires geopolitical conflicts, mainly against Saudi Arabia and Israel—for resistance, ideological, and geopolitical purposes. Being a state within a state, Hezbollah militia makes sovereign geopolitical decisions and forces Lebanon to pay for the consequences. This is the first economic study that empirically investigates under vector autoregression (VAR) models the dynamic causal relationship between Saudi Arabia and Israel’s geopolitical risks and Lebanon’s financial stability and economic activity. The results show that Saudi Arabia and Israel’s geopolitical risks affect Lebanon’s economy differently. Economic and financial stability cannot be promoted independently of regional geopolitical conflict.

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Of Mice and Merchants: Connectedness and the Location of Economic Activity in the Iron Age

Review of Economics and Statistics ◽

10.1162/rest_a_00902 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan David Bakker ◽

Stephan Maurer ◽

Jörn-Steffen Pischke ◽

Ferdinand Rauch

Keyword(s):

Causal Relationship ◽

Iron Age ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Open Water ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

World Level

We study the causal relationship between geographic connectedness and development using one of the earliest massive trade expansions: the first systematic crossing of open seas in the Mediterranean during the time of the Phoenicians. We construct a geography based measure of connectedness along the shores of the sea. We relate connectedness to economic activity, which we measure using the presence of archaeological sites. We find an association between better connected locations and archaeological sites during the Iron Age, at a time when sailors began to cross open water routinely on a big scale. We corroborate these findings at world level.

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Time varying causal relationship between renewable energy consumption, oil prices and economic activity: New evidence from the United States

Resources Policy ◽

10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 102422

Author(s):

Bechir Raggad

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Oil Prices ◽

The United States ◽

Time Varying ◽

Renewable Energy Consumption ◽

New Evidence

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Environmental responsibility and financial performance nexus in South Africa: panel Granger causality analysis

Environmental Economics ◽

10.21511/ee.08(3).2017.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas Adomah Worae ◽

Collins C. Ngwakwe

Keyword(s):

Financial Performance ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Granger Causality ◽

Market Value ◽

Equity Returns ◽

Environmental Responsibility ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Granger Causality Analysis ◽

Emissions Intensity

The authors examined environmental responsibility and financial performance nexus of Johannesburg Stock Exchange’s socially responsible investing manufacturing and mining firms during the period of 2008-2014. The study employs annual panel dataset of fourteen manufacturing and mining companies on the index, and Granger causality analysis using Gcause2 Baum’s version. The paper found unidirectional causal relationship between environmental responsibility, measured by emissions intensity and equity returns, and bidirectional causal relationship between emissions intensity and market value of equity deflated by sales at 1% significant levels. Impliedly, improvements in ‘energy efficient technologies’ to reduce fossil energy consumption (prevention activities) seem to exhibit value destroying tendencies, while improvements in ‘end-of-pipe’ activities seem to estimate a drive market value of equity deflated by sales and equity returns. The Pesaran CD and Breusch-Pagan LM tests confirmed existence of cross-sectional dependence amongst panel members. The authors tend to support institutional and stakeholder theories.

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Bacteriophages Associated with Turkey Coecums in Bluecomb-Infected and Healthy Birds

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100063044 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 226-227

Author(s):

A. E. Ritchie

Keyword(s):

Host Cell ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Cell Interaction ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Viral Origin ◽

Intestinal Contents ◽

Host Cell Interaction

The cause of bluecomb disease in turkeys is unknown. Filtration of infective intestinal contents suggests a viral origin. To date, it has not been possible to isolate the etiologic agent in various cell cultures. The purpose of this work was to characterize as many virus-like entities as were recognizable in intestines of both healthy and bluecomb-infected turkeys. By a comparison of the viral populations it was hoped that some insight might be gained into the cause of this disease. Studies of turkey hemorraghic enteritis by Gross and Moore (Avian Dis. 11: 296-307, 1967) have suggested that a bacteriophage-host cell interaction may bear some causal relationship to that disease.

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