scholarly journals Effects of Operating Pressure, Nozzle Diameter and Wind Speed on the Performance of Sprinkler in Irrigation System during Water Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Dereje Bishaw Nigatie ◽  
Megersa O. Dinka ◽  
Tilahun Hordofa
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Major Factors

Owing to an increasing demand for irrigation water associated with the massive expansion of irrigated sugarcane farms in Ethiopia, there is a need to use the available water efficiently and effectively. Accordingly, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of operating pressure and nozzle size on the field performance of dragline sprinkler system at Wonji/Shoa Sugar Estate. The study was conducted under three wind phases (morning, mid-day and late afternoon) using three operating pressures (250 kPa, 300 kPa and 350 kPa) and two nozzle sizes (4.4 and 4.8 mm). Uniformity measurements were performed using single sprinkler and four sprinklers configurations. An application efficiency of low-quarter of 41% to 80.3% and actual application efficiency of low-quarter of 30.1% to 37.5% were achieved under the respective test combinations. Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity of 71.7% to 86.3%, and distribution uniformity of 61% to 80.3% were achieved under different test combinations for four sprinklers test. The achievable delivery performance ratio was in the range of 0.81 to 1.18. The experimental results illustrated that, lower operating pressure and higher wind velocity were the major factors responsible for the low water distribution uniformity and efficiency.     

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Operating Pressure and Riser Height on Irrigation Water Application under Different Wind Conditions in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Dereje Bishaw ◽  
Megersa Olumana
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Riser Height ◽  
Effective Use

Efficient and effective use of water resource is crucial to increase crop production. This can be achieved through uniform application of water and by reducing application losses. A field experiment was conducted at Wonji/Shoa Sugarcane Plantation (Ethiopia) to study the effect of sprinkler operating pressure and riser height on water distribution uniformity under different wind conditions. Three levels of operating pressure and two levels of sprinkler riser height, under three different wind conditions, were examined during the experiment. From the research evaporation and drift losses ranging from 11.2% to 16.4% were determined. Potential application efficiency (PAE) of 47.7% to 91.3% and actual application efficiency of low-quarter (AELQ) of 32.9% to 38.6% were achieved under various test combinations. Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity (CU) of 71.7% to 81.7% and distribution uniformity (DU) of 56% to 75.7% were obtained under different test combinations. The results indicated that increase riser height leads to increase in sprinkler water uniformity. Higher sprinkler water uniformity and low application water loss have been encountered during low wind speed condition.

Effect of Combination Factors of Operating Pressure, Nozzle Diameter and Riser Height on Sprinkler Irrigation Uniformity

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Osman ◽  
Suhaimi B. Hassan ◽  
Khamaruzaman B. Wan Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Riser Height ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Pressure Nozzle

The irrigation uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system depends on many design factors such as nozzle type, nozzle diameter, operating pressure and riser height. An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of combination factors of operating pressure, nozzle diameter and riser height on sprinkler irrigation uniformity. Different operating pressures, nozzle diameters and riser heights have been used. The irrigation uniformity coefficients such as coefficient of uniformity (CU) and distribution uniformity of low quarter (DUlq) have been studied. This study concluded that, the irrigation uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system was more affected by the combination of operating pressure, nozzle diameter and riser height.

scholarly journals Effect of Pulse Drip Irrigation Duration on Water Distribution Uniformity

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2276
Author(s):  
David Lozano ◽  
Natividad Ruiz ◽  
Rafael Baeza ◽  
Juana I. Contreras ◽  
Pedro Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

Developing an appropriate irrigation schedule is essential in order to save water while at the same time maintaining high crop yields. The standard procedures of the field evaluation of distribution uniformity do not take into account the effects of the filling and emptying phases of the irrigation system. We hypothesized that, in sloping sandy soils, when short drip irrigation pulses are applied it is important to take into account the total water applied from the beginning of irrigation until the emptying of the irrigation system. To compute distribution uniformity, we sought to characterize the filling, stable pressure, and emptying phases of a standard strawberry irrigation system. We found that the shorter the time of the irrigation pulse, the worse the distribution uniformity and the potential application efficiency or zero deficit are. This effect occurs because as the volume of water applied during filling and emptying phases increases, the values of the irrigation performance indicators decrease. Including filling and emptying phases as causes of non-uniformity has practical implications for the management of drip irrigation systems in sloping sandy soils.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSÃO CONVENCIONAL FIXO E GOTEJAMENTO EM VILA RURAL

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eguimar Amorim Maciel de Souza ◽  
Paula Cristina de Souza ◽  
Márcio Antônio Vilas Boas
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
System A ◽  
De Se ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
And Storage

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSÃO CONVENCIONAL FIXO E GOTEJAMENTO EM VILA RURAL  Eguimar Amorim Maciel de Souza; Paula Cristina de Souza; Márcio Antônio Vilas BoasCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade do Oeste do Paraná,  Cascavel , Pr, [email protected]  1 RESUMO           O manejo racional da irrigação consiste na aplicação da quantidade necessária de água às plantas no momento correto. É recomendável após a instalação de um sistema de irrigação, proceder-se a testes de campo, com o objetivo de se verificar a adequação da irrigação recomendando, quando necessário, ajustes na operação e, principalmente, no manejo. O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar dois sistemas de irrigação, sendo um por aspersão convencional fixo e outro por gotejamento,  implantados na Vila Rural Flor do Campo, localizada na região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, através da determinação dos parâmetros de uniformidade e eficiência de distribuição de água.  Foram utilizadas as metodologias propostas na norma ABNT NBR ISO 7749-2, Asae (1995) e por Keller & Karmeli (1975).   Foram realizados trinta ensaios em cada sistema de irrigação. Para o sistema de irrigação por aspersão foi obtido  CUC  de 77,9%, considerado abaixo do valor mínimo aceitável de 80%, sendo que  a velocidade do vento variou de 0 a 2,4 m s-1. As eficiências de aplicação (Ea) e armazenagem (Es) obtidas neste sistema foram, respectivamente, de 77,0% e 48,8%. No sistema de irrigação por gotejamento foi obtido CUC de 93,7% considerado valor excelente. A Uniformidade de Emissão (UE) encontrada foi de 89,3% sendo considerada boa. As eficiências de aplicação (Ea) e armazenagem (Es) obtidas neste sistema foram, respectivamente, de 100% e 65,0 %. UNITERMOS: Irrigação, aspersão convencional, gotejamento,       uniformidade, eficiência,  avaliação.  SOUZA, E. A. M.; SOUZA, P.C.; VILAS BOAS, M. A. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIXED CONVENTIONAL ASPERSION AND DRIPPING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN  A RURAL VILLAGE  2 ABSTRACT The rational handling of the irrigation consists of the application of the necessary amount of water to the plants at the correct moment. After the installation of an irrigation system, it is recommended the field tests be carried out in order to  verify the adequacy of the recommended irrigation and , when necessary, to adjust the operation and, mainly, the handling. The aim of this work was to evaluate two irrigation  systems,  a fixed conventional aspersion system and a dripping one, installed in the l Flor do Campo, a rural village located in the Northwest of Paraná state, through the determination of the parameters of water distribution uniformity and efficiency. The methodologies used were according to the  ABNT NBR ISO 7749-2 norm, Asae (1995) and for Keller & Karmeli (1975). Thirty assays in each irrigation system were tested. In the irrigation system with  aspersion CUC of 77.9%, which is considered below the minimum acceptable value of 80%, was found  considering that the wind speed varied from   0 to  2.4 ms-1. The efficiencies of application (Ea) and storage (Es) obtained in this system were 77.0% and 48.8 %, respectively. In the dripping  irrigation system, a CUC of 93.7%, considered an excellent value,  was found. The EU was 89.3% and considered good. The efficiencies of application (Ea) and storage (Es) gotten in this system were  100% and 65. 0 %, respectively. KEY WORDS: Irrigation, conventional aspersion, dripping, uniformity, efficiency, evaluation.

scholarly journals Head and lateral length on water distribution uniformity of a PVC drip irrigation system

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (30) ◽  
pp. 2298-2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evans ASENSO ◽  
Jiuhao LI ◽  
Hai-Bo CHEN ◽  
Emmanuel OFORI ◽  
Fuseini ISSAKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Lateral Length

scholarly journals Effect of pipe type and Emitters discharge on performance criteria of surface drip irrigation system

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
B A AL-Dulaimi ◽  
Sh M AL-Mehmdy
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Design Discharge ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

Abstract A field experiment was conducted in Jazeerah Al-Ramadi/Al-Hamidiyah research station (latitude33^o 27^’ 〖 11.9 〗 ^(՚՚)N, longitude 43^o 23^’ ^(՚՚) E (duration 2020. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pipe types and emitters discharge on performance criteria of surface drip irrigation system. Therefore, a two factorial experiment was set as randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor included the type of pipes and emitters, namely Turbo, GR and T-Tape. While the second factor involved the emitters discharge which consist of two levels i.e., 4 (D4) and 8 (D8) L.h-1. The irrigation system was initially evaluated in the field before planting by testing three operating pressures (50, 100 and 150 Kpa) to determine the actual discharge of the emitters closed to their design discharge (4 and 8 L.h-1) for each emitter to calculate the manufacturing coefficient of variation (CV), distribution uniformity and the discharge variation ratio at each operating pressure. Results showed that the best discharge (Closed to design discharge of 4 L.h-1) was obtained at the 50 Kpa operating pressure which gave 3.99,3.90 and 3.81 L.h-1 when using the T-Tape pipe and GR and Turbo emitter compare when the discharge of 8L.h-1 has been used which gave 7.96, 7.84 and 7.59 L.h-1 when the former pipe and emitters were used. The best coefficient of variation was observed when the T-Tape pipe and GR and Turbo emitter were used with discharge of 4 L.h-1 up to 0.1300, 0.2200 and 0.2600 compare to 0.1300, 0.2700 and 0.3500 when the same former pipe and emitters were used with discharge of 8L. h-1. Similarly, the best distribution uniformity was obtained when the T-Tape pipe and GR and Turbo emitter has been used with discharge of 4 L.h-1 which gave 94.68, 91.74 and 90%. Likewise, the most acceptable variety discharge ratio was observed when the same prior pipe and emitters were used with discharge of 4 L.h-1 by giving 7.23, 11.90 and 12.19 %.

scholarly journals Modeling the Application Depth and Water Distribution Uniformity of a Linearly Moved Irrigation System

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Zhu ◽  
Yuan ◽  
Fordjour
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Application Depth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moving Speed

A model of a linearly moved irrigation system (LMIS) has been developed to calculate the water application depth and coefficient of uniformity (CU), and an experimental sample was used to verify the accuracy of the model. The performance testing of the LMIS equipped with 69-kPa and 138-kPa sprinkler heads was carried out in an indoor laboratory. The LMIS was towed by a winch with a 1.0 cycle/min pulsing frequency while operating at percent-timer settings of 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90%, corresponding to average moving speeds of 1.5, 2.3, 3.3, 4.0, and 4.7 m min−1, respectively. The application depth and CU obtained under various speed conditions were compared between the measured and model-simulated data. The model calculation accuracy was high for both operating pressures of 69 and 138 kPa. The measured application depths were much larger than the triangular-shaped predictions of the simulated application depth and were between the parabolic-shaped predictions and the elliptical-shaped predictions of the simulated application depth. The results also indicate that the operating pressure and moving speed were not significant factors that affected the resulting CU values. For the parabolic- and elliptical-shaped predictions, the deviations between the measured and model-simulated values were within 5%, except for several cases at moving speeds of 2.3 and 4.0 m min−1. The measured water distribution pattern of the individual sprinklers could be represented by both elliptical- and parabolic-shaped predictions, which are accurate and reliable for simulating the application performances of the LMIS. The most innovative aspect of the proposed model is that the water application depths and CU values of the irrigation system can be determined at any moving speed.

scholarly journals Sustainable Water Resources Using Corner Pivot Lateral, A Novel Sprinkler Irrigation System Layout for Small Scale Farms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rad ◽  
Lei Gan ◽  
Xiaobing Chen ◽  
Shaohong You ◽  
Liangliang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
System Component ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Can Technique ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
And Control

Sprinkler irrigation systems are widely used in medium and large scale farms in different forms. However less types are available to apply in small farms due to their high costs. The current study was done according to a novel cost effective design for a semi-permanent sprinkler irrigation system for small farm owners. The new layout known as Corner Pivot Lateral (CPL) was examined in irrigation test center at Lijian Scientific and Technological Demonstration Park, at Nanning city, China. CPL was implemented without a main/sub mainline pipe, by applying a single pivoting lateral at the corner of the plot that directly connected to the resource to convey water from the pump. The lateral moves around the corner using a rotating elbow in a quadrant pattern manually to cover the entire farm. A conventional semi-permanent system was applied for the same farm as reference. A cost analysis on the required components as well as annual operational costs was carried out for comparison and control. Results showed that a lower system component would be needed for the CPL method. Overall, more than a 15% capital cost reduction with 7% annual cost decrement was achieved for CPL in this experiment comparatively. The Catch can technique was applied to examine the CPL system’s efficiency and 79% water distribution uniformity around the sprinkler was obtained. This new method can encourage small estate holders to switch from traditional to pressurized systems which optimizes water application costs.

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