Construcción de tablas de vida dinámicas para uno o dos sexos = Construction of unisex or sex-distinct dynamic life tables

Pecvnia Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales Universidad de León ◽

10.18002/pec.v0imonog.1111 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Ewa Dylewska ◽

María Purificación Galindo Villardón

Keyword(s):

Life Tables ◽

Mortality Reduction ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Mortality Projection ◽

Dynamic Life Tables ◽

And Gender ◽

Third Dimension ◽

Carter Model ◽

Sobre Todo

Mientras que las tablas de vida tradicionales describen la mortalidad actual en un determinado periodo de tiempo, las tablas de vida dinámicas permiten una proyección de mortalidad futura. Además de la edad y el sexo, las tablas de vida dinámicas tienen también una tercera dimensión, que es el tiempo. Por lo tanto, permiten observar cambios en la mortalidad que resultan no solamente de cambios en la edad sino también de cambios que aparecen a lo largo del tiempo. Esto se refiere sobre todo a la tendencia de disminución de riesgo de mortalidad. Las tablas de vida dinámicas son, por lo tanto, muy útiles en la construcción de seguros de vida de larga duración y planes de pensiones. También pueden ser aplicadas en la construcción de tablas unisex (relacionado con el dictamen C-236/09 – Test -Achats). El objetivo del estudio es comprobar la diferencia en la esperanza de vida a la edad x en España calculada utilizando las tablas de vida estáticas (tradicionales) y dinámicas, para uno o ambos sexos. Este fin se realiza aplicando el modelo de Lee-Carter para pronosticar la mortalidad futura.Traditional life tables describe a level of mortality at one and defined period of time whereas dynamic life tables allow for projection of future mortality. Apart from age and gender, dynamic life tables also have a third dimension, which is time. In that way, it is possible to observe changes of mortality over the years. This is especially reflected in a mortality reduction trend. Dynamic life tables are therefore very useful in pricing long-term life contracts and especially in pricing annuities. Moreover, dynamic life tables can also be used in constructing unisex life tables (in relation with decision C-236/09 – Test-Achats). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate differences in life expectancy at age x in Spain calculated by using static (traditional) and dynamic life tables, both unisex and sex-distinct. Mortality projection is done through the application of the Lee-Carter model

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Feasibility Design of 4G-LTE Cell Sites in an Academic Community

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 781 ◽

pp. 3-6

Author(s):

Sophonwit Somchai ◽

Jirun Potinakkha ◽

Nararat Ruangchaijatupon ◽

V. Prasertchareonsuk ◽

M. Leeprakobboon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Communication Technologies ◽

Academic Community ◽

Feasibility Analysis ◽

Telecommunication System ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Term Evolution ◽

Khon Kaen ◽

And Gender ◽

4G Lte

This paper shows the feasibility analysis of the 4th generation (4G) telecommunication system on 800-900 MHz spectrum. It applies the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication and makes a feasibility design of cell site placement. An academic community is selected as a studied site because the high usage of advanced communication technologies. Due to the variety of population density, age, and gender, Khon Kaen University is chosen. This paper also suggests the model for cell site installation and cell site positions in Khon Kaen University area.

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Aging, health expenditure, proximity to death, and income in Finland

Health Economics Policy and Law ◽

10.1017/s174413310800443x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 165-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

UNTO HÄKKINEN ◽

PEKKA MARTIKAINEN ◽

ANJA NORO ◽

ELINA NIHTILÄ ◽

MIKKO PELTOLA

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Health Care Expenditure ◽

Term Care ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Proximity To Death ◽

Naive Model

AbstractThis study revisits the debate on the ‘red herring’, i.e. the claim that population aging will not have a significant impact on health care expenditure (HCE), using a Finnish data set. We decompose HCE into several components and include both survivors and deceased individuals into the analyses. We also compare the predictions of health expenditure based on a model that takes into account the proximity to death with the predictions of a naïve model, which includes only age and gender and their interactions. We extend our analysis to include income as an explanatory variable. According to our results, total expenditure on health care and care of elderly people increases with age but the relationship is not as clear as is usually assumed when a naïve model is used in health expenditure projections. Among individuals not in long-term care, we found a clear positive relationship between expenditure and age only for health centre and psychiatric inpatient care. In somatic care and prescribed drugs, the expenditure clearly decreased with age among deceased individuals. Our results emphasize that even in the future, health care expenditure might be driven more by changes in the propensity to move into long-term care and medical technology than age and gender alone, as often claimed in public discussion. We do not find any strong positive associations between income and expenditure for most non-LTC categories of health care utilization. Income was positively related to expenditure on prescribed medicines, in which cost-sharing between the state and the individual is relatively high. Overall, our results indicate that the future expenditure is more likely to be determined by health policy actions than inevitable trends in the demographic composition of the population.

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Abstract MP40: U-shaped Association Of Altitude With Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Tibetan Residents

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.mp40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Changwei Li ◽

Ruiyuan Zhang ◽

Luqi Shen ◽

Sangzhu Laba

Keyword(s):

Turning Point ◽

Self Report ◽

Adherence Rate ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

And Gender ◽

Study Physician

Background: Tibet has a disproportionately higher prevalence of hypertension, compared to other regions of China. This may be related to long-term exposure to the high altitude. The aim of our study is to evaluate associations of altitudes with prevalence of hypertension among residents aged 15 years and older in Tibet, China. Method: A total of 11,407 Tibet residents in the 5 th National Health Services Survey (NHSS) in 2013-2015 were included in this study. Physician diagnosed hypertension was determined based on self-report. County level altitude was identified and assigned to all residents in a county. Association between altitude and hypertension prevalence was assessed by two logistic regression models: model 1 adjusted for age and gender, and model 2 additionally adjusted for marital status, education, smoking, drinking, exercise, distance to a medical institute, area of residency, and body mass index (BMI). Non-linear relationship between altitude and prevalence of hypertension was explored by restricted cubic spline analyses. Sensitivity analysis were performed by restricting residents in rural and/or nomadic areas. Result: The prevalence of self-reported hypertension is 15.7%, the medication adherence rate is 14%, and the control rate is 10.3%. Compared to residents without physician diagnosed hypertension, those with hypertension were closer to a hospital, older, having lower education level, and less likely to be a smoker or live in an urban area. Altitude showed a U shape relationship with the prevalence of hypertension with a turning point at around 3,800 meters. For residents living more than 3,800 meters above sea level, a 1,000 meters increase in altitude was associated with 2.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.62-2.61) times higher odds of having physician diagnosed hypertension, after adjusting for age and gender. When further controlling for all covariates, the OR dropped to 1.87 (1.46-2.41) but still significant. For residents living below the altitude of 3,800 meters, 1000 meters’ increase was associated 0.55 (95% CI: 0.33-0.92) less likelihood of having physician diagnosed hypertension. Conclusion: The burden of self-reported hypertension was high among Tibet residents. Altitude was in a U-shaped association with the prevalence of hypertension with a turning point at around 3,800 meters.

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Poverty, old age and gender in nineteenth-century England: the case of Hertfordshire

Continuity and Change ◽

10.1017/s0268416005005618 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 351-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

NIGEL GOOSE

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Family Support ◽

Elderly Women ◽

The Elderly ◽

Elderly Male ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Local Sources ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

And Gender

This article examines the relative incidence of poverty among the elderly in nineteenth-century Hertfordshire with special reference to gender. Both national and local sources are employed to highlight the particular difficulties experienced by the elderly, male poor under the New Poor Law, and the short and long term problems they faced as a result of seasonal unemployment and an overstocked labour market. For elderly women, the extent to which their poverty was relieved by employment in cottage industry, almshouse accommodation, the continuing receipt of out-relief and a higher incidence of family support are examined to provide an assessment of the manner in which poverty was gendered in the nineteenth century.

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Gender dimorphism in body composition abnormalities in acromegaly: males are more affected than females

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-08-0449 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 159 (6) ◽

pp. 773-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

N Sucunza ◽

M J Barahona ◽

E Resmini ◽

J M Fernández-Real ◽

J Farrerons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Total Mass ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Gender Dimorphism ◽

Age And Gender ◽

X Ray ◽

Male Patients ◽

And Gender ◽

Design And Methods

BackgroundAcromegaly changes body composition (BC), but long-term gender differences have not been reported.ObjectiveTo evaluate BC in active and controlled acromegalic patients.Design and methodsClinical and biochemical variables and BC (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were evaluated in 60 acromegalic patients (19 active, 41 controlled) and 105 controls, matched for age and gender.ResultsAcromegalic males (n=24) had more total mass (89±13 vs 76.5±15.3 kg, P<0.001), lean body mass (LBM; 64.6±8.7 vs 56.4±5.8 kg, P<0.001), and bone mineral content (BMC; 2.9±0.5 vs 2.6±0.3 kg, P<0.05) than controls (n=33). Controlled male patients (n=14) had more total mass (89±14.7 vs 76.5±15.3 kg, P<0.05) and a trend to have more LBM (61.8±9.4 vs 56.4±5.8 kg, P=0.065) than controls. Only in active disease was a decrease in fat mass (FM) observed, compared with controlled patients and controls (males: 19.5±5.3 vs 27±6.2 and 25.9±4%, P<0.001; females: 30.3±6.7 vs 37.1±5.8 and 36.5±6.6%, P<0.01). In females, no further differences were observed. No differences in BMC were found between eugonadal and hypogonadal acromegalic patients, but in hypogonadal females, acromegaly appeared to prevent the BMC loss seen in hypogonadal postmenopausal controls. GH and IGF1 levels were negatively correlated with FM (males, P<0.05; females, P<0.001), but in the regression analysis GH was a predictor of FM only in women.ConclusionsControl of acromegaly reverts decreased FM in both genders; only in males more total mass and a trend for more LBM persist. The anabolic effect of GH on bone reverted in cured males, but persisted in females and appeared to override the bone loss of menopause.

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The Impact of Children’s Long-Term Participation in STEM Clubs on Their Attitudes towards STEM Subjects

International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools ◽

10.21585/ijcses.v0i0.51 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 20-29

Author(s):

Cem Kagar ◽

Teslime Kagar

Keyword(s):

Computer Science ◽

Research Method ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

After School ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Children’S Perspectives ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact ◽

School Club

In this report, we investigated the impact of after-school STEM clubs on children’s attitudes to STEM-related subjects. 236 children aged 8-12 took part in this study. For the purpose of this study, a quantitative research method was adopted where a survey prior to the STEM activities and at the end of 30 weeks of the after-school club have been used to make sense of children’s perspectives on STEM-related subjects. The study also explored whether the age and gender of the children would influence their attitudes towards these subjects.Keywords: STEM, Engineering, Cross-curricular, Computer Science, Primary education

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Internal Fixation, A Reconstructive Spine Surgery: A Remedy of Long-Term Spinal Problems

Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3329/bjns.v9i1.42918 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15

Author(s):

Md Aminul Islam ◽

Md Abdul Hye Manik ◽

Rukun Uddin Chowdhury ◽

Md Al Amin Salek ◽

Amir Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Fixation ◽

Spinal Fusion ◽

Spinal Surgery ◽

Spinal Instrumentation ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Fusion Surgery ◽

Excellent Outcome ◽

Spinal Fusion Surgery ◽

And Gender

Background: Spinal instrumentation provides a stable, rigid column that encourages bones to fuse after spinal fusion surgery. Methods: The study was carried out in the Neurosurgery Center, CMH, Dhaka, from 01 January 2013 to July 31 2018. A total of 95 patients were included with unrestricted age and gender, underwent spinal surgery with fixation. Result: Better outcome was observed in spinal surgery with stabilization. Conclusion: Whereas early (within hours) or immediate (within 48 h) stabilization and indirect or direct decompression has excellent outcome, even delayed stabilization of the unstable spine has benefits. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 11-15

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Age and Gender Differences in Long-Term Unemployment: Before and After the Great Recession

10.20955/es.2015.26 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 (26) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexander Monge-Naranjo ◽

Faisal Sohail

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Great Recession ◽

Age And Gender ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

Before And After ◽

And Gender

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A Survey Analysis Of Free Trade Attitudes In Mexico: Implications For Global Strategic Investment Decisions

Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) ◽

10.19030/jabr.v10i3.5926 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Harold Dyck ◽

Sue Greenfeld

Keyword(s):

Free Trade ◽

Investment Decision ◽

Survey Analysis ◽

Demographic Differences ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Strategic Investment ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Investment Decision Making ◽

And Gender

Transnational investment decision making depends on business receptivity and willingness to provide long-term guarantees of stability by the host country. One measure of such receptivity involves awareness related to free trade provisions. This article investigates Mexican support and resistance towards free trade in terms of demographic differences, perceived economic opportunities, connectedness to the U.S., and political attitudes about the Mexican and U.S. governments. Results indicate that the leading predictor for receptivity of foreign investment is the belief that free trade will lead to more job creation. This study also reveals endorsement from Mexicans who think free trade will bring access to higher quality goods and services to Mexico. Contrary to expectations, age and gender are not significant in this analysis.

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