Dynamic Changes and Clinical Significance of White Blood Cells and Platelets in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
He Wang ◽  
Kaili Liu ◽  
Chao Xiu ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Wantao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Craniocerebral Injury ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Microplate Reader

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is becoming the main cause of death threatening human life because of its high disability rate, high mortality rate and great social harm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes and clinical significance of leukocytes (WBC) and platelets (PLT) in patients with traumatic brain injury. In the process of specimen collection, 4ml of peripheral venous blood was collected 24 hours, 4 days, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days after craniocerebral injury using sterile, non-heat source and non-endotoxin test tube. 2ml venous blood was added into EDTA anticoagulant blood collection vessel to detect the changes of peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets in patients with craniocerebral injury. In addition, 2 ml venous blood was added into the procoagulant blood collection vessel, and the serum was separated and frozen for the determination of CRP and TSP1. All patients were evaluated with Glasgow outcome score at discharge. When detecting PLT and WBC, Sysmex K4500 hematology analyzer was used to routinely measure the number of PLT and WBC in peripheral blood at different time points. In the process of CRP (C- reactive protein) measurement, adjust the pipette to 60 μ l, and add 50 μl of developer a and developer B into the micropore respectively. Then it vibrates on a mini vibrator for 5 seconds to ensure mixing. Preheat the microplate reader for 30 minutes, place the microplate in the microplate reader, set the parameters and read the values. When measuring TSP1 (thrombin sensitive protein 1), adjust the micro pipette to 50 μ l, then add 50μl termination solution into the micropore respectively, and then vibrate on the micro vibrator for 30 seconds to ensure full mixing. Further analysis showed that there was no difference between the non-infection group and the normal control group on the 4th day (P > 0.05). This study is helpful to the timely treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury.

Dynamic Changes and Clinical Significance of White Blood Cells and Platelets in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1341-1350
Author(s):  
He Wang ◽  
Kaili Liu ◽  
Chao Xiu ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Zhao Wantao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Craniocerebral Injury ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Microplate Reader

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is becoming the main cause of death threatening human life because of its high disability rate, high mortality rate and great social harm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes and clinical significance of leukocytes (WBC) and platelets (PLT) in patients with traumatic brain injury. In the process of specimen collection, 4ml of peripheral venous blood was collected 24 hours, 4 days, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days after craniocerebral injury using sterile, non-heat source and non-endotoxin test tube. 2ml venous blood was added into EDTA anticoagulant blood collection vessel to detect the changes of peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets in patients with craniocerebral injury. In addition, 2 ml venous blood was added into the procoagulant blood collection vessel, and the serum was separated and frozen for the determination of CRP and TSP1. All patients were evaluated with Glasgow outcome score at discharge. When detecting PLT and WBC, Sysmex K4500 hematology analyzer was used to routinely measure the number of PLT and WBC in peripheral blood at different time points. In the process of CRP (C-reactive protein) measurement, adjust the pipette to 60 pi, and add 50 pi of developer a and developer B into the micropore respectively. Then it vibrates on a mini vibrator for 5 seconds to ensure mixing. Preheat the microplate reader for 30 minutes, place the microplate in the microplate reader, set the parameters and read the values. When measuring TSP1 (thrombin sensitive protein 1), adjust the micropipette to 50 pi, then add 50pl termination solution into the micropore respectively, and then vibrate on the micro vibrator for 30 seconds to ensure full mixing. Further analysis showed that there was no difference between the non-infection group and the normal control group on the 4th day (P > 0.05). This study is helpful to the timely treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury.

scholarly journals Effect of volume replacement during combined experimental hemorrhagic shock and traumatic brain injury in prostanoids, brain pathology and pupil status

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Campos Gomes Pinto ◽  
Matheus Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Prist ◽  
Maurício Rocha e Silva ◽  
Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pathological Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Hypertonic Saline Solution ◽  
Pathological Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Hemorrhagic Shock

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of trauma-related deaths. Systemic hypotension and intracranial hypertension causes cerebral ischemia by altering metabolism of prostanoids. We describe prostanoid, pupilar and pathological response during resuscitation with hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in TBI.Method Fifteen dogs were randomized in three groups according to resuscitation after TBI (control group; lactated Ringer’s (LR) group and HSS group), with measurement of thromboxane, prostaglandin, macroscopic and microscopic pathological evaluation and pupil evaluation.Result Concentration of prostaglandin is greater in the cerebral venous blood than in plasma and the opposite happens with concentration of thromboxane. Pathology revealed edema in groups with the exception of group treated with HSS.Discussion and conclusion There is a balance between the concentrations of prostaglandin and thromboxane. HSS prevented the formation of cerebral edema macroscopically detectable. Pupillary reversal occurred earlier in HSS group than in LR group.

scholarly journals Effect of naloxone hydrochloride on β-EP, CD4+, CD8+, IL2, MMP-9 and S100-B levels in peripheral blood after traumatic brain injury in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
Feng Du ◽  
Dedong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Naloxone Hydrochloride ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Time Point

Purpose: To study the influence of naloxone hydrochloride on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Three groups of rats were used: normal control, TBI, and TBI + naloxone hydrochloride groups (12 rats/group). In the control group, only the osseous foramen was opened. Rats in TBI group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, while the naloxone group received naloxone hydrochloride injection at the same time. Changes in peripheral blood β-EP, CD4+, CD8+, IL-2, and S100-B levels; and brain tissue MMP-9 were assessed. Results: The levels of β-EP in the TBI- and naloxone-treated rats were higher than control values, while levels of CD4+ in TBI and naloxone groups were significantly lower than those of control group (p < 0.01). At every time point, CD8+ level in naloxone group was significantly lower than that in TBI group (p < 0.01). Compared with control group, the levels of IL-2 in the TBI and naloxone groups were significantly lower. Higher levels of S100-B were seen in TBI- and naloxone-treated rats, relative to control value. In the naloxone group, MMP-9 expression was downregulated, when compared to the expression TBI rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Naloxone hydrochloride reduces β-EP, alleviates inflammation, protects nerve cells and reduces brain injury in TBI rats. There is, thus, a potential to develop naloxone for the management of brain injury

scholarly journals Effect of Mild Hypothermia after Craniotomy on the Function of Related Organs in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shu Cai ◽  
Zheng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Hypothermia ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective. To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia after craniotomy on the function of related organs in patients with traumatic brain injury. Method. A total of 240 patients with craniocerebral injury from January 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 120 cases in each group. The control group was treated with craniotomy decompression, and the experimental group was treated with early mild hypothermia based on craniotomy decompression. Patients’ venous blood was collected before operation (T0), at the end of operation (T1), 24 h after operation (T2), and 2 weeks after operation (T3) to detect the serum levels of the beta-subunit of S100 protein (S100-β); soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The prognostic effect was evaluated after 2 weeks of treatment. Results. After mild hypothermia treatment after craniotomy and decompression, the patients’ serum S100-β, sST2, NGAL, and IL-6 levels at different time points were significantly lower than the control group, and the total effective rate was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion. The treatment of mild hypothermia after craniotomy can reduce the related organs function damage indicators and inflammatory stress response, thus improving clinical efficacy and prognosis.

scholarly journals Remotely delivered environmental enrichment intervention for traumatic brain injury: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e039767
Author(s):  
Zorry Belchev ◽  
Mary Ellene Boulos ◽  
Julia Rybkina ◽  
Kadeen Johns ◽  
Eliyas Jeffay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Active Control Group ◽  
Navigation Group

IntroductionIndividuals with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (m-sTBI) experience progressive brain and behavioural declines in the chronic stages of injury. Longitudinal studies found that a majority of patients with m-sTBI exhibit significant hippocampal atrophy from 5 to 12 months post-injury, associated with decreased cognitive environmental enrichment (EE). Encouragingly, engaging in EE has been shown to lead to neural improvements, suggesting it is a promising avenue for offsetting hippocampal neurodegeneration in m-sTBI. Allocentric spatial navigation (ie, flexible, bird’s eye view approach), is a good candidate for EE in m-sTBI because it is associated with hippocampal activation and reduced ageing-related volume loss. Efficacy of EE requires intensive daily training, prohibitive within most current health delivery systems. The present protocol is a novel, remotely delivered and self-administered intervention designed to harness principles from EE and allocentric spatial navigation to offset hippocampal atrophy and potentially improve hippocampal functions such as navigation and memory for patients with m-sTBI.Methods and analysisEighty-four participants with chronic m-sTBI are being recruited from an urban rehabilitation hospital and randomised into a 16-week intervention (5 hours/week; total: 80 hours) of either targeted spatial navigation or an active control group. The spatial navigation group engages in structured exploration of different cities using Google Street View that includes daily navigation challenges. The active control group watches and answers subjective questions about educational videos. Following a brief orientation, participants remotely self-administer the intervention on their home computer. In addition to feasibility and compliance measures, clinical and experimental cognitive measures as well as MRI scan data are collected pre-intervention and post-intervention to determine behavioural and neural efficacy.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from ethics boards at the University Health Network and University of Toronto. Findings will be presented at academic conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberVersion 3, ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04331392).

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in diffusion measures improve sensitivity in identifying patients with mild traumatic brain injury

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e0178360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander W. Thomas ◽  
Richard Watts ◽  
Christopher G. Filippi ◽  
Joshua P. Nickerson ◽  
Trevor Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Dynamic Changes

Expression and clinical significance of non-phagocytic cell oxidase 2 and 4 after human traumatic brain injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Fengxuan Tian ◽  
Zhong Shao ◽  
Xuming Shen ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Phagocytic Cell

Combined Memory Training: An Approach for Episodic Memory Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2S) ◽  
pp. 920-932
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Cochran D'Angelo ◽  
Beth A. Ober ◽  
Gregory K. Shenaut
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Wait List Control Group ◽  
Wait List Control

Purpose The study aimed to test a combination of semantic memory and traditional episodic memory therapies on episodic memory deficits in adults with traumatic brain injury. Method Twenty-five participants who had been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury and had episodic memory deficits were randomly assigned either to a combined memory treatment group ( n = 16) or to a wait-list control group ( n = 9). Before and after treatment, they completed standardized neuropsychological testing for episodic memory and related cognitive domains, including the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, the University of Southern California Repeatable Episodic Memory Test, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence–Second Edition Matrices, the Test of Everyday Attention, the Memory Assessment Clinics Self-Rating Scale, the Expressive Vocabulary Test–Second Edition, and the Story Recall subtest from the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. In addition to a traditional episodic memory therapy, the treatment group received a novel semantic memory–focused therapy, which involved participants finding meaningful connections between diverse concepts represented by sets of two or three words. Results The treatment group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in memory for list learning tasks, and there was a significant difference from pretest to posttest between the treatment group and the wait-list control group. Clinical significance was demonstrated for the treatment group using minimally important difference calculations. Conclusion Combined memory therapy resulted in significant improvements in episodic memory, semantic memory, and attention, in comparison to no treatment. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14049968

Profiles of Executive Function Across Children with Distinct Brain Disorders: Traumatic Brain Injury, Stroke, and Brain Tumor

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel C. Araujo ◽  
Tanya N. Antonini ◽  
Vicki Anderson ◽  
Kathryn A. Vannatta ◽  
Christina G. Salley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Orthopedic Injury

AbstractObjectives:This study examined whether children with distinct brain disorders show different profiles of strengths and weaknesses in executive functions, and differ from children without brain disorder.Methods:Participants were children with traumatic brain injury (N=82; 8–13 years of age), arterial ischemic stroke (N=36; 6–16 years of age), and brain tumor (N=74; 9–18 years of age), each with a corresponding matched comparison group consisting of children with orthopedic injury (N=61), asthma (N=15), and classmates without medical illness (N=68), respectively. Shifting, inhibition, and working memory were assessed, respectively, using three Test of Everyday Attention: Children’s Version (TEA-Ch) subtests: Creature Counting, Walk-Don’t-Walk, and Code Transmission. Comparison groups did not differ in TEA-Ch performance and were merged into a single control group. Profile analysis was used to examine group differences in TEA-Ch subtest scaled scores after controlling for maternal education and age.Results:As a whole, children with brain disorder performed more poorly than controls on measures of executive function. Relative to controls, the three brain injury groups showed significantly different profiles of executive functions. Importantly, post hoc tests revealed that performance on TEA-Ch subtests differed among the brain disorder groups.Conclusions:Results suggest that different childhood brain disorders result in distinct patterns of executive function deficits that differ from children without brain disorder. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. (JINS, 2017,23, 529–538)

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